High School Quizbowl Packet Archive



Darien High School’s DEFT: 2017-2018-952490Written by Skyler Bennett, Brendan Berrigan, Michael Borecki, Thomas Brown, Grace Hand, Maya Nalawade, Sharath Narayan (James Clemens) John Phipps, Riya Krishnan, Sohum Shenoy (Wilmington Charter), Evan Tong, and Julia TongEdited by Michael Borecki and Julia TongSpecial thanks to Harris Bunker (Michigan State)Packet 3Tossups1. The 800 species of cichlids in the East African Great Lakes illustrate this evolutionary process. Prezygotic [PRE-ZY-GOT-IC] and postzygotic barriers cause reproductive isolation, assisting in this process. One theory of this process is punctuated equilibrium, which relies on cladogenesis. This type of (*) evolutionary development is complete when reproduction between the original organism and the adapted organism is no longer possible. Geographic barriers assist in the allopatric type of this process. For 10 points, name this evolutionary process through which new species are formed.ANSWER: speciation<Bennett>2. In a play by this man, objects such as pots and cheese graters witness a dispute between two dogs over some Sicilian cheese. A creature called the Hoopoe helps Pisthetaerus construct “Cloud-Cuckoo-Land” in a play by this author of The Wasps. The refrain “Brekekekex-koax-koax,” punctuates his play about the bumbling (*) Dionysus’s trip to the underworld, while another of his plays sees the women of Athens withhold sex from their husbands to end the Peloponnesian War. For 10 points, name this ancient Greek comic playwright of The Birds, The Frogs, and Lysistrata.ANSWER: Aristophanes<Narayan>3. Cross-dressing men in this country are often referred to by the term kathoey [KAT-HOE-EY], or “ladyboy.” This country’s Isan region includes the Khorat Plateau, which is bounded by Phetchabun [PECH-AH-BOON] Range. Patong Beach is on this country’s largest island, which lies in the Andaman Sea west of the Isthmus of Kra. (*) Phuket [POO-KET] is a resort area in this country separated from Laos by the Mekong River. Chiang Mai and Ayutthaya [AY-YOOT-HAY-AH] are cities in, for 10 points, what country ruled by Rama X [RAMA THE TENTH] from Bangkok?ANSWER: Kingdom of Thailand<Phipps/Borecki>4. Governor Alexander Spotswood’s Knights of the Golden Horseshoe expedition explored the interior of this colony that Opechancanough [OH-PEH-CHAN-CA-NOH] led multiple wars against. A rebellion in this colony started with demand of a militia commission from Governor William Berkeley to defend against Indian raids, though its leader died of dysentery. This larger [EMPHASIZE] colony’s first settlement saw the (*) “starving time” and became successful after John Rolfe planted tobacco. For 10 points, name this colony where Bacon’s Rebellion burned down Jamestown.ANSWER: Colony of Virginia (do not accept or prompt on “Jamestown”)<Borecki>5. Imaging is limited by this phenomenon, as described by the equation angular resolution equals 1.22 times lambda over D; that is the Rayleigh criterion. The equation two times distance times the sine of the scattering angle equals n times the wavelength describes the scattering from a crystal due to this phenomenon in (*) Bragg’s Law. Thomas Young demonstrated the interference caused by this phenomenon in his double-slit experiment. For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which light bends around an obstacle.ANSWER: diffraction<Borecki>6. One person with this name was accused of taking kickbacks in the Bofors Arms Scandal, while another person with this name presided over a period of forced sterilization and censorship called the Emergency. A third person with this surname was the subject of a speech that lamented “The light has gone out of our (*) lives.” This was the surname of a leader who attempted to seize control of the Golden Temple complex in Operation Blue Star before she was assassinated by her bodyguards. For 10 points, give this last name of Prime Ministers Rajiv and Indira, as well as Mohandas, a leader of India’s independence movement.ANSWER: Gandhi (accept Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, or Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi)<Narayan> 7. In March 2016, this city’s vice-mayor Wes Bellamy called for a removal of a Confederate monument in Lee Park, which was later renamed Emancipation Park. Richard Spencer held the May 2017 “Take Back Lee Park” rally in protest to the removal of that statue of Robert E. Lee. Heather Hayer died after a (*) car supposedly driven by James Alex Fields drove into a crowd in this city. Donald Trump condemned “violence on many sides” but not white supremacy in, for 10 points, what city, the site of the Unite the Right rally and the home of the University of Virginia? ANSWER: Charlottesville, Virginia<Hand>8. This man was born after Zeus disguised himself as Alcmene’s husband, Amphitryon [AM-FIH-TRY-ON], and he was forced to serve Omphale [OM-FAL-AY] for three years while dressed in women’s clothing. The blood of the centaur Nessus was used to poison a shirt that this man’s wife, Deianira, accidentally gave to him, ultimately killing him. While serving (*) Eurystheus [YUR-IS-THEE-US]as penance for murdering his wife Megara, this man used a krotala to scare away the Stymphalian birds, routed a river away from the Augean stables, and killed the Nemean Lion. For 10 points, name this hero who completed 12 labors.ANSWER: Heracles (or Hercules)<J. Tong>9. The Bergeron process occurs in these objects when the ambient vapor pressure is between the saturation vapor pressures of water and ice. Nacreous types of these structures cause ozone depletion around the poles. Nucleation of these structures can be caused by silver iodide in their namesake (*) “seeding.” Contrails are a man-made type of these objects. For 10 points, name these structures of condensed water vapor that include cirrus, stratus, and cumulus.ANSWER: clouds (accept any specific type of cloud)<Borecki>10. One of these works describes “sighs on which I fed my heart,” and opens with the line “you who hear the sound, in scattered rhymes.” One of these works addressed to the Fair Youth states that “thy eternal summer shall not fade” after remarking “rough winds do shake the darling buds of (*) May.” A type of this poetic form features a “turn,” or volta, and was used to describe Laura. “My Mistress’s Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun” and “Shall I compare thee to a Summer’s Day?” are examples of, for 10 points, what 14-line poems written by Shakespeare and Petrarch?ANSWER: sonnets (accept Shakespearean sonnets or Petrarchan sonnets)<J. Tong> HALFTIME11. The Winkler Test is used to determine the amount of this element present in water. Potassium chlorate is decomposed during the preparation of this element. When nitrates or phosphates are added to water, eutrophication causes the concentration of this element to decrease. After fluorine, this is the most (*) electronegative element. This element’s triatomic form can form resonance structures and is often created by lightning strikes, forming a namesake “layer in the atmosphere.” For 10 points, name this element with atomic number 8, a breathable gas in its diatomic form.ANSWER: oxygen (accept O2 before mentioned; do not accept ozone)<E. Tong>12. This character created a schedule that he keeps in the book Hopalong Cassidy, and worked as a janitor at St. Olaf’s College before meeting his mentor, Dan Cody. While inside this character’s library, this character is described as a “regular Belasco” by a man who questions whether this character’s books are real or fake, (*) Owl Eyes. This character earned his fortune by bootlegging with a man who rigged the 1919 World Series, Meyers Wolfsheim, but after claiming responsibility for a car accident is shot by George Wilson. For 10 points, name this character who hosts lavish parties in an effort to win over Daisy Buchanan.ANSWER: Jay Gatsby (or James Gatz)<J. Tong>13. In an opera by this composer, Serena sings the song “My Man’s Gone Now” after Robbins’s death; that work features a song with the line “fish are jumping / And the cotton is high,” “Summertime.” This composer of an opera set on Catfish Row used a trumpet to represent loneliness, and taxi (*) horns to depict a French city, in An American in Paris. Another piece by this composer opens with a notable clarinet glissando, and was premiered at a concert called “An Experiment in Modern Music.” For 10 points, name this American composer of Porgy and Bess and Rhapsody in Blue.ANSWER: George Gershwin<J. Tong>14. Thales’ theorem describes the creation of one of these objects inscribed in a circle. The area of these objects can be found by “S minus A times S minus B,” where S is the semiperimeter. The circumcenter is on the midpoint of the longest side of these shapes. (*) Angle side side can be used to find congruent forms of these figures, in which the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the two legs. For 10 points, the Pythagorean Theorem governs what three-sided shapes with a 90-degree angle?ANSWER: right triangles (prompt on “triangles” but do not accept any other specific types of triangles)<Borecki>15. In one appearance, these figures accidentally help the Nelson family rob a bank while hitchhiking to Orlando. A vacuum hidden inside an ice cream truck is used to kidnap these figures, after which the PX-41 serum is used by El Macho to make them (*) purple and hairy. After outwitting their previous master, Scarlet Overkill, these characters become the henchmen of a man who tries to defeat Vector by stealing the moon. Stuart, Kevin, and Bob are among, for 10 points, what small yellow creatures who accompany Gru in the Despicable Me franchise?ANSWER: minions <Narayan>16. Former armies of this city were trapped in a canyon known as “The Saw” as part of the Mercenary War. This city violated a treaty after it sent an army to defend against raids by King Masinissa of Numidia, leading to the demand that it turn over all weapons and armor. Cato the (*) Elder ended every speech by saying this city “must be destroyed,” and it was allegedly sown with salt once it was finally sacked. A general for this city orchestrated a double-envelopment at Cannae but lost to Scipio Africanus at Zama. Hannibal Barca was a general for, for 10 points, what Phoenician city that fought the Punic Wars?ANSWER: Carthage<Borecki>17. The Velvet Underground performed during episodes of this artist’s Exploding Plastic Inevitable. He depicted destroyed vehicles in his Death and Disaster series, including Silver Car Crash, and depicted overlapping images of an actor in Cowboy attire pointing a gun at the viewer in (*) Eight Elvises. This artist created many portraits of Mao and Marilyn Monroe, as well as images of coca-cola bottles, using silk screens in his New York City “Factory.” For 10 points, name this Pop artist of Campbell’s Soup Cans.ANSWER: Andy Warhol<Borecki> 18. This character says that “life is scientific” to reassure a group of children that “there isn’t no fear” after they claim to see “snakes” and “ghosts.” After claiming that he is unable to swim, this character is told “sucks to your ass-mar.” This character, who complains that everything is “jus’ blurs” after his (*) “specs” are taken to start a fire, is described as a “true, wise friend” after a boulder released by Roger crushes both him and a conch shell. For 10 points, name this pudgy character from William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.ANSWER: Piggy<J. Tong>19. “Open” and “front” types of these entities have high F1 and F2 values. In Korean, these entities must be in the same class so their namesake “harmony” can occur. Height, backness, and roundedness are used to measure these sounds. A “great (*) shift” of these sounds took place between Middle English and Modern English. Two of these sounds are pronounced as one in a diphthong. For 10 points, name these sounds contrasted with consonants.ANSWER: vowels<Borecki>20. John Mitchel was charged with sedition and exiled for criticizing the British government during this event. Charles Trevelyan failed to provide aid to victims of this event, which many fled in “coffin ships.” “Soupers” during this event converted to (*) Protestantism in exchange for food. The corn laws were repealed in response to this event, during which an island lost a quarter of its people to emigration or starvation. For 10 points, name this 1845 to 1852 event in which a blight caused mass starvation in Ireland.ANSWER: Irish Potato Famine (or Great Famine; or Great Hunger)<Nalawade/Borecki>TIEBREAK: ONLY PROCEED IF THE GAME IS TIED21. A poem by an author from this movement claims that “beauty is its own excuse for being” while describing “The Rhodora”; that author was inspired by Hinduism to write “The Over-Soul.” Another author from this movement described how he refused to pay taxes that support the Mexican-American war in “Civil (*) Disobedience.” That author from this movement also claimed he wished to “live deliberately” and described building a cabin, where he would live for two years, next to Walden Pond. For 10 points, name this movement that Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau belonged to.ANSWER: Transcendentalism (accept Transcendental)Bonuses1. Horemheb ended the worship of this deity. For 10 points each--A. Name this subject of a “Great Hymn” in the 14th century B.C.E., a monotheistic “sun disk” that headed the state religion of Egypt for approximately twenty years.ANSWER: Aten (prompt on “sun disk”)B. This Egyptian pharaoh and husband of Nefertiti began the worship of the sun disk, which may be why records of him were erased after his reign.ANSWER: Akhenaten (or Amenhotep IV)C. Akhenaten was the father of this “boy-king” of Egypt, whose tomb was discovered by Howard Carter.ANSWER: Tutankhamun (or King Tut)<Borecki>2. In a play by this author, Sergeant Amusa is unable to talk to the British officer Simon Pilkings after Pilkings dresses in an egungun costume. For 10 points each-A. Name this author of a play in which Olunde kills himself after Pilking prevents Elesin from committing ritual suicide, Death and the King’s Horseman.ANSWER: Wole SoyinkaB. Wole Soyinka is an author from this country. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, who wrote about the Biafran War in Half of a Yellow Sun, and Ben Okri, author of The Famished Road, are also from this country.ANSWER: NigeriaC. Okri won the 1991 Booker Prize, which is awarded to the best work of fiction published in this language and published in the United Kingdom.ANSWER: English<J. Tong>3. The double-helix structure of this molecule was discovered in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. For 10 points each:A. Name this nucleic acid. It consists of a sugar-phosphate backbone with complementary nucleotides connected by hydrogen bonds.ANSWER: DNA (or deoxyribonucleic acid)B. The negative charge of DNA can be utilized in this laboratory procedure, which runs electricity through a medium of agarose or polyacrylamide to separate DNA fragments by length.ANSWER: gel electrophoresis (prompt on “electrophoresis”)C. Prior to electrophoresis, DNA must be “cut” at certain sites using these proteins. Examples of these proteins include EcoRI and HaeIII, which may produce either “sticky” or “blunt” ends.ANSWER: restriction enzymes (or restriction endonucleases)<Narayan>4. This monster is the offspring of the giantess Angrboda [ANGER-BODA] and Loki. For 10 points each-A. Name this monster who encircles the world and eats its own tail. Hymir cut a fishing line in fear of catching this monster.ANSWER: The Midgard Serpent (accept Jormungandr or the World Serpent)B. This thunder god will kill and be killed by the Midgard Serpent at Ragnarok. This god forced Loki to retrieve new hair for his wife, Sif, after Loki cut it.ANSWER: ThorC. In order to retrieve this weapon, Thor was forced to disguise himself as Freya and kill the giant Thrym. This weapon always returns when thrown and has a short handle due to Loki’s interference.ANSWER: Mjolnir (accept hammer)<J. Tong>5. In one short story by this author, Rachel hides in a bell tower shortly after stabbing the lieutenant Wilhelm with a cheese knife. For 10 points each--A. Name this author, who wrote another short story about a woman who refuses to wear flowers to a party hosted by the Ministry of Education.ANSWER: Guy de Maupassant (pronounced “GEE DE MAO-PAU-SANT”)B. In the aforementioned story, Mathilde Loisel [MAH-TEELD LWAH-SEL] goes into debt for ten years after borrowing this object from Madame Forestier and losing it at a ball.ANSWER: The Diamond NecklaceC. Guy de Maupassant hails from this country, where he set a scene from “The Necklace” on the Champs-Elysees [SHANS AY-LAY-SAY] in Paris.ANSWER: Republic of France<J. Tong>6. Yo-Yo Ma is famous for performing the Prelude to one of this composer’s suites, which opens with arpeggiated chords in G major. For 10 points each--A. Name this Baroque composer of six cello suites, as well as the Goldberg Variations and Brandenburg Concertos.ANSWER: Johann Sebastian (J.S.) BachB. This work by Bach features 24 preludes and fugues for keyboard instruments, one in every major and minor key.ANSWER: The Well-Tempered ClavierC. Bach included a difficult Chaconne in D Minor in the 6 Partitas and Sonatas written for this string instrument. Notable performers of this instrument include Itzhak Perlman and Joshua Bell.ANSWER: violin<J. Tong>7. Elizabeth Eckford, Jefferson Thomas, and Terrence Roberts were among nine students to integrate this city’s Central High School. For 10 points each--A. Name this city where Dwight Eisenhower sent the 101st airborne to escort the students over the opposition of Governor Orval Faubus.ANSWER: Little Rock, ArkansasB. The integration of Little Rock’s school district took place after this Supreme Court decision, which ordered desegregation of schools to take place “with all deliberate speed.”ANSWER: Brown v. Board of EducationC. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg authorized the use of this practice to desegregate schools. The group Restore Our Alienated Rights protested Boston’s use of this practice.ANSWER: compulsory busing (or desegregation busing; accept similar answers)<Borecki>8. This term originated in Richard Dawkins’ 1976 work The Selfish Gene. For 10 points each--A. Identify these things, which Dawkins defined as an evolving unit of cultural transmission. He argues modern variations of these things are separate from his original idea due to creative interference and rapid spread across the internet.ANSWER: memesB. Ten students had their acceptances rescinded from this Cambridge, MA rival of Yale for making really awful memes.ANSWER: Harvard UniversityC. In The Blind Watchmaker, Dawkins refutes the argument that complexity in the universe implies this belief. In a 2006 book, he argued this belief is a “delusion.”ANSWER: the existence of God (accept other answers indicating the belief that God exists or theism)<Borecki>9. This statement is made during every instance of salat. For 10 points each--A. Name this creed that translates to “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.”ANSWER: ShahadaB. The Shahada must be recited in front of a witness in a worshipper’s conversion to this faith, where it is one of the Five Pillars.ANSWER: IslamC. The Five Pillars are outlined in the Hadith of this archangel who revealed the Quran [KORAN] to Muhammad and told Mary that she would give birth to Jesus.ANSWER: Gabriel (or Gibril or Jibril)<Borecki>10. These objects are added head-to-tail and subtracted by reversing direction. For 10 points each--A. Name these mathematical objects with both magnitude and direction.ANSWER: vectorsB. This operation on vectors A and B results in a third vector perpendicular, or normal, to A and B. The right-hand-rule can find the direction for the resulting vector from this operation.ANSWER: cross productC. The magnitude of the normal vector is also the area of this shape with length B and height A times sine theta. This quadrilateral has equal opposing sides and angles, and a rhombus is one of these shapes but with four equal sides.ANSWER: parallelogram<Borecki> 11. After falling asleep at the reins, this character gets into an accident that kills the family horse Prince. For 10 points each-A. Name this lover of Angel Clare, who gives birth to a son named Sorrow after being raped by Alec.ANSWER: Tess of the D’UrbervillesB. Tess of the D’Urbervilles was created by this author, who also wrote about Bathsheba Everdene in Far From the Madding Crowd and Michael Henchard in The Mayor of Casterbridge.ANSWER: Thomas HardyC. In The Mayor of Casterbridge, Henchard drunkenly “loses” his wife Susan and child Elizabeth Jane at one of these events after the sailor Mr. Newson bids for, and wins, them for five guineas.ANSWER: auctions<J. Tong>12. This work was criticized as an “explosion in a shingle factory” by the New York Times at the 1913 Armory Exposition. For 10 points each--A. Name this cubist painting overlapping positions of a woman as she performs the titular action.ANSWER: Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2B. This artist of Nude Descending a Staircase attached a bicycle wheel to a stool for one of his “readymades.”ANSWER: Marcel DuchampC. Another of Duchamp’s “readymades” is L.H.O.O.Q., which is simply a moustache drawn on the subject of this Leonardo da Vinci portrait.ANSWER: Mona Lisa<Borecki>13. This leader is known as the “Hero of Two Worlds” for his leadership in the Ragamuffin War and the Uruguayan Civil War. For 10 points each--A. Name this leader of the Redshirts, who fought the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies during the Expedition of the Thousand in the Risorgimento.ANSWER: Giuseppe GaribaldiB. Garibaldi was influential in the unification of this country under Victor Emmanuel II.ANSWER: Italy (or Italian Republic)C. This Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia and leader of the Risorgimento served as the first Prime Minister of a unified Italy.ANSWER: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (accept either)<Borecki>14. This city’s airport is the source of many conspiracy theories due to its inclusion of freemason symbols and the layout of its runways in a shape similar to a swastika. For 10 points each--A. Name this “mile high city” southeast of Boulder and south of Fort Collins.ANSWER: DenverB. Denver is the most populous city in this U.S. state, which shares the Four Corners with New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah.ANSWER: ColoradoC. This National Park near the Four Corners of Colorado is best known for its ancient Puebloan sites, including the 150-room “Cliff Palace.”ANSWER: Mesa Verde National Park<Borecki>15. In one short story by this author, the Swede fights with Johnnie after interrupting a game of cards. For 10 points each-A. Name this author of “The Blue Hotel” and a novel in which Henry Fleming witnesses the death of Jim Conklin.ANSWER: Stephen CraneB. In this aforementioned novel by Stephen Crane, Henry Fleming desires the title wound after feeling shame for fleeing the Battle of Chancellorsville in fear.ANSWER: The Red Badge of CourageC. In this Crane short story, the cook, correspondent, captain, and oiler are all stuck in the title vessel after surviving a shipwreck. At the end, the oiler, Billie Higgins, drowns after trying to swim to a beach.ANSWER: The Open Boat<J. Tong>16. This liquid compound exhibits hydrogen bonding. For 10 points each--A. Name this “universal solvent.” In its distilled form, it has a pH of 7.ANSWER: water (or H2O)B. Water can be split into oxygen and hydrogen gas through this process, which uses an applied current to break the bonds of the compound.ANSWER: electrolysisC. The Castner-Kellner process separates a certain compound into chlorine and this element.ANSWER: sodium<Shenoy>17. A flask of poison, a radioactive particle, and a Geiger counter are placed in a box with the title character of this thought experiment. For 10 points each--A. Identify this thought experiment in which a creature is simultaneously both alive and dead.ANSWER: Schrodinger’s CatB. This principle of quantum mechanics states that a particle’s position and momentum cannot be precisely known at the same time.ANSWER: Heisenberg Uncertainty PrincipleC. Heisenberg first introduced the idea of this entity’s “collapse,” which occurs in Schrodinger’s Cat when the box is opened.ANSWER: Wave Function<Borecki>18. Lucifer’s son is born at the end of this show’s season 12. For 10 points each--A. Name this show in which Sam and Dean Winchester hunt mythological creatures.ANSWER: SupernaturalB. Supernatural, alongside shows such as Jane the Virgin and Arrow, currently runs on this network owned by CBS and Warner Bros. This network tends to use affiliate stations due to limited programming.ANSWER: The CWC. This other CW show follows a namesake group of juveniles who return to a post-apocalyptic Earth from “The Ark.”ANSWER: The 100 (or The Hundred)<Bennett>19. This work argues that aristocracy devolves into timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny, in order. For 10 points each--A. Name this dialogue that describes people who can only see shadows on the wall in the Allegory of the Cave.ANSWER: The RepublicB. Republic was a dialogue by this author of Apology and Phaedo.ANSWER: Plato (or Plato)C. In The Republic, Plato references this theory that includes a realm beyond the physical world where ideas exist in their perfect state.ANSWER: Theory of Forms<Borecki>20. This ruler was arrested in London in 1998 for human rights violations, under the principle of universal jurisdiction. For 10 points each--A. Identify this ruler who succeeded Salvador Allende as president of a South American country. His DINA secret police killed left-wing activists in Operation Condor.ANSWER: Augusto PinochetB. Augusto Pinochet and Salvador Allende ruled this country that resolved a border conflict with Argentina with the signing a treaty of friendship in 1984.ANSWER: Republic of ChileC. Pinochet hired many economists associated with this American university to reform the Chilean economy. They were known as this school’s “boys.”ANSWER: University of Chicago (or Chicago school of economics; accept Chicago boys)<Borecki> ................
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