OHS Risk Assessment
SAMPLE
Health & Safety Risk Assessment Guidelines for Wineries
Table of Contents
1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..1
2. Definitions…………………………………………………………………………… 2
3. Health & Safety Risk Assessment Method……………………………………….3
1. Introduction
These guidelines summarize the procedure to be followed when conducting and annual health and safety risk assessment. This methodology is suitable for the assessment of most work tasks. It is not suited to the assessment of complex processing activities. These are assessed using alternative methods such as Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) or Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA).
The risk assessment methodology covers all OH&S related hazards. Some legislation, standards and guidance require more detailed risk assessment for specific hazards. The following list (non exhaustive) of specific hazards should be included in the risk assessment however they may also require a more detailed assessment:
Manual Handling- Manual Handling Risk Assessment
Chemicals- Chemical Use Risk Assessment
DSE / VDU - Display Screen Equipment / Visual Display Unit
Noise- Noise Risk Assessment
Dusts- Atmospheric Hygiene Assessment
Explosive Atmospheres Assessment
Occupational Health- Occupational Health Risk Assessment (GRMS)
Machinery- Machinery Risk Assessment
Fire- Fire Risk Assessment
Ergonomics- Ergonomic Risk Assessment
Legionella Risk Assessment
Process Equipment Risk Assessment (HAZOP)
Lightning Risk Assessment
Work at Heights Risk Assessment
Wellbeing Risk Assessment
FLT Risk Assessment
The guidelines have been developed using the following publications:
• BS 8800:2004 Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems Guide
• Boyle, T., (2002) Health and Safety Risk Management, IOSH
• HSE, (1997) HSG65 Successful Health and Safety Management
• HSE, (2006) INDG163 5 Steps to risk assessment
The risk assessment should be reviewed and updated on an annual basis or due to changes in a process, activity, organization or equipment changes. The risk assessment should also be reviewed if an incident investigation highlights that the risk has not been appropriately assessed.
2. Definitions
Hazard
Source or situation with a potential for harm (in terms of human injury, ill health or a combination of these).
Risk
Combination of the likelihood and consequence of a specified hazardous event.
A risk always has two components:
a. The likelihood of a hazardous event.
b. the consequences of the event
Where health is concerned the consequence of a hazardous event may be based on a number of events. E.g. repeated exposure to noise on separate occasions may cause noise induced hearing loss.
Risk Assessment
Process of identifying hazards and evaluating the risks to health and safety arising from these hazards whilst taking account of the existing risk controls.
(For planned activities evaluate risk by taking account of the proposed risk controls.)
Risk Controls
Workplace precautions, for example physical safe guards, containment of airborne contaminants, safe systems of work, training / competency and personal protective equipment. When proposing risk controls to mitigate a hazard due consideration should be given to the hierarchy of control:
- First:- If practical eliminate hazard altogether
- Second:- Try to reduce the risk at source
- Third:- Reduce the risk through procedures
- Fourth:- Reduce the risk by providing PPE
3. Health and Safety Risk Assessment Method
The 5 steps to risk assessment are:
Determine work activities
Identify hazards
Identify current risk controls
Assess the risk
Specify actions to reduce the risk
Risk assessment should be conducted by competent people with practical knowledge of the work activities. Risk assessment should be conducted by small teams of individuals who have been trained in the risk assessment methodology. The teams will need access to OHS specialists to conduct the assessment.
3 a. Determine work activities
Work activities are listed in a workshop session by considering normal every-day activities and other non-routine activities such as infrequent maintenance tasks, contractor activities and home-working. It is important to consider different operational modes of the activity i.e. normal use, change over or CIP. Work activities can be classified in three ways:
Geographical areas
Stages in the production process
A combination of a. and b. above
To obtain the necessary level of detail for risk assessment it will be necessary to decompose activities into tasks, see example below.
Process / Area: Bottling line
Activity: Automatic labeling machine
Tasks: Replenish labels
Bottle size change-over
Conduct Autonomous Maintenance
Replenish liquid glue
Relieve blockages
Operate machine
Clean machine & parts
In order to identify the hazards associated with a task those conducting the risk assessment should have an understanding of the following:
The duration, frequency
Scope for hazardous interaction with other activities
Who carries out the tasks
Others who are affected by the task (maintenance, cleaners, contractors)
Existing procedures relating to execution of the task
Permit-to work systems in place
Manufacturers instructions (in the case of work equipment)
Substances / Chemicals used
The weight / size / shape of materials manually handled during the task
Accident / incident records relating to the task
For certain unplanned tasks e.g. the repair of a burst pipe, it is unlikely that this task would have been risk assessed using this methodology as its occurrence would not have been anticipated by the risk assessment team. These activities are risk assessed in a different manner. If the task is being completed by a contractor it should be risk assessed in the task specific method statement prepared by the contractor prior to commencement of works. In other instances a permit to work checklist forms the basis of a risk assessment.
3 b. Identify Hazards
Identify the hazards associated with each task. When identifying the hazards consider the following:
Is there a source of harm?
Who or what could be harmed?
How could harm occur?
Consider the following physical, chemical, biological & psychological hazards (not exhaustive):
PHYSICAL
Slippery or uneven ground leading to slips / falls
Work at heights leading to falls
Equipment falling from a height causing injury
Inadequate space e.g. low headroom leading to head injury
Poor ergonomics leading to RSI
Manual handling leading to back injury
Moving parts causing trapping /entanglement injuries
Hot surfaces or substances causing burns e.g. glue / steam
Poor housekeeping leading to fire
Ionizing radiation leading to health effects
Violence to staff
Harmful energy sources e.g. electricity, pneumatic energy, compressed air, hydraulic energy
Noise leading to hearing defects
Confined spaces with hazardous atmospheres
BIOLOGICAL
Inhalation, ingestion or contact with bodily fluids causing illness
CHEMICAL
Inhalation, ingestion, contact with a chemical which causes injury
PSYCHOLOGICAL
Workplace stress leading to health issues
Physical violence leading to injury
The list above is by no way exhaustive and should only be used to guide thinking. Care must be taken to ensure all other hazardous scenarios are documented.
3 c. Identify current risk controls
For each identified hazard existing control measures should be specified.
3 d. Determine the Risk
Risk is determined by estimating the potential severity of harm and the likelihood harm will occur for a given hazard. To estimate the severity of harm consider:
How the person is likely to be affected?
What harm will result?
Severity of harm is categorized into the following levels, see table overleaf:
| | | | |
|Harm Category |Low |Medium |High |
| | | | |
|Health |Nuisance and irritation, |Partial hearing loss, |Acute fatal diseases, severe |
| |temporary ill health leading |dermatitis, asthma, WRULD, |life shortening diseases, |
| |to discomfort |ill health leading to |permanent substantial disability|
| | |permanent minor disability | |
| | | | |
|Safety |Superficial injuries, minor |Lacerations, burns, concussion, |Fatal injuries, amputations, |
| |cuts and bruises, eye |serious sprains, minor fractures|multiple injuries, major |
| |irritation from dust | |fractures |
Next consider the likelihood that a hazardous event actually results in harm.
Likelihood is categorized into the following levels:
| | | | |
|Likelihood of Harm Category |Low |Medium |High |
| | | | |
|Typical Occurrence |Typically experienced once |Typically experienced once every|Typically experienced at |
| |during the lifetime of an |five years by an individual |least once every six months by |
| |individual | |an individual |
Risk level is estimated using the business risk footprint below.
3 e. Specify Control Measures
Control measures are specified for each hazard along with owners and completion dates. Control measures should reduce the hazard to an acceptable risk level.
The table below should be considered in determining the level of action required to mitigate a given hazard.
| | | |
|Risk Level |MATRIX SECTOR |ACTION REQUIRED |
| | | |
|LOW |A, B, C |No additional controls required unless they can be implemented with |
| | |minimal effort in terms of cost and human resource. Actions to |
| | |mitigate these hazards are low priority. |
| | | |
|MEDIUM |D, E, F |Action is required to move this hazard to a lower risk level. These |
| | |actions should be progressed within one month. |
| | | |
|HIGH |G, H, I |Substantial efforts should be made to reduce the risk. Consideration |
| | |should be given to suspending the activity until additional controls |
| | |have been implemented. These actions |
| | |should be progressed within one week. |
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