2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures Report

2019 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE FACTS AND FIGURES

Includes a Special Report on Alzheimer's

Detection in the Primary Care Setting: Connecting Patients

and Physicians

About this report

2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures is a statistical resource for U.S. data related to Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Background and context for interpretation of the data are contained in the overview. Additional sections address prevalence, mortality and morbidity, caregiving and use and costs of health care, long-term care and hospice. A Special Report discusses Alzheimer's detection in the primary care setting.

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Specific information in this year's Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures includes:

? Brain changes that occur with Alzheimer's disease (page 5).

? Risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia (page 12). ? Number of Americans with Alzheimer's dementia

nationally (page 17) and for each state (page 19). ? Lifetime risk for developing Alzheimer's dementia

(page 19). ? Proportion of women and men with Alzheimer's and

other dementias (page 19). ? Number of deaths due to Alzheimer's disease

nationally (page 25) and for each state (page 27), and death rates by age (page 28). ? The impact of caregiving on caregivers (page 34). ? Number of family caregivers, hours of care provided, and economic value of unpaid care nationally (page 31) and for each state (pages 36-37). ? National cost of care for individuals with Alzheimer's or other dementias, including costs paid by Medicare and Medicaid and costs paid out of pocket (page 43). ? Medicare payments for people with dementia compared with people without dementia (page 45). ? Attitudes toward cognitive assessment among seniors and primary care physicians (page 64). ? Awareness and use of the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit among seniors and primary care physicians (page 65).

The Appendices detail sources and methods used to derive statistics in this report.

When possible, specific information about Alzheimer's is provided; in other cases, the reference may be a more general one of "Alzheimer's or other dementias."

2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

1

CONTENTS

Overview

Brain Changes Associated with Alzheimer's Disease

5

Stages of Alzheimer's Disease

5

Diagnosis of Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease

8

Treatment of Alzheimer's Dementia

10

Living with Alzheimer's Dementia

11

Uncommon Genetic Factors Associated with Alzheimer's Disease

11

Risk Factors for Alzheimer's Dementia

12

Looking to the Future

15

Prevalence

Prevalence of Alzheimer's and Other Dementias in the United States

17

Incidence of Alzheimer's Dementia

18

Lifetime Risk of Alzheimer's Dementia

19

Estimates of the Number of People with Alzheimer's Dementia by State

19

Differences Between Women and Men in the Prevalence and Risk of Alzheimer's and Other Dementias

19

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Alzheimer's and Other Dementias

21

Trends in the Prevalence and Incidence of Alzheimer's Dementia Over Time

23

Mortality and Morbidity

Deaths from Alzheimer's Disease

25

Public Health Impact of Deaths from Alzheimer's Disease

25

State-by-State Deaths from Alzheimer's Disease

25

Alzheimer's Disease Death Rates

26

Duration of Illness from Diagnosis to Death

26

Burden of Alzheimer's Disease

28

2

Alzheimer's Association. 2019 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers Dement 2019;15(3):321-87.

Caregiving

Unpaid Caregivers

31

Who Are the Caregivers?

31

Caregiving and Women

31

Caregiving Tasks

32

Duration of Caregiving

33

Hours of Unpaid Care and Economic Value of Caregiving

33

Impact of Alzheimer's Caregiving

34

Interventions Designed to Assist Caregivers

39

Paid Caregivers

40

Direct-Care Workers for People with Alzheimer's or Other Dementias

40

Shortage of Geriatric Health Care Professionals in the United States

40

Enhancing Health Care for Family Caregivers

41

Trends in Dementia Caregiving

41

Use and Costs of Health Care, Long-Term Care and Hospice

Total Cost of Health Care and Long-Term Care

43

Use and Costs of Health Care Services

44

Use and Costs of Long-Term Care Services

47

Use and Costs of Health Care and Long-Term Care Services by Race/Ethnicity

54

Avoidable Use of Health Care and Long-Term Care Services

55

Projections for the Future

56

Special Report -- Alzheimer's Detection in the Primary Care Setting: Connecting Patients and Physicians

Brief Cognitive Assessment in Primary Care

59

Medicare Annual Wellness Visit

59

The State of Brief Cognitive Assessment in Primary Care: Primary Care Physician and Consumer Surveys

60

Toward Better Cognitive Assessment: Challenges and Steps Forward

66

Conclusions68

Appendices

End Notes

69

References72

Contents

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