2016 Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum …

2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering

Curriculum Framework

April 2016

Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education 75 Pleasant Street, Malden, MA 02148-4906

Phone 781-338-3000 TTY: N.E.T. Relay 800-439-2370 doe.mass.edu

This document was prepared by the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education

Mitchell D. Chester, Ed.D. Commissioner

Board of Elementary and Secondary Education Members

Mr. Paul Sagan, Chair, Cambridge Mr. James Morton, Vice Chair, Boston

Ms. Katherine Craven, Brookline Dr. Edward Doherty, Hyde Park

Dr. Roland Fryer, Concord Ms. Margaret McKenna, Boston Mr. Michael Moriarty, Holyoke

Dr. Pendred Noyce, Boston Mr. James Peyser, Secretary of Education, Milton

Ms. Mary Ann Stewart, Lexington Mr. Donald Willyard, Chair, Student Advisory Council, Revere

Mitchell D. Chester, Ed.D., Commissioner and Secretary to the Board

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? 2016 Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education Permission is hereby granted to copy any or all parts of this document for non-commercial educational purposes.

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Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education 75 Pleasant Street, Malden, MA 02148-4906

Phone 781-338-3000 TTY: N.E.T. Relay 800-439-2370 doe.mass.edu

Table of Contents

Commissioner's Foreword................................................................................................. iii

Acknowledgments................................................................................................................v

A Vision of Science and Technology/Engineering Education ............................................1 Science and Technology/Engineering Education for All Students: The Vision......3 Guiding Principles for Effective Science and Technology/Engineering Education .................................................................................................................9

Science and Technology/Engineering Learning Standards ...............................................17 Overview of the Standards.....................................................................................19 Use of Selected Terms ...........................................................................................21 Grades Pre-K?2: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices .......................23 Pre-Kindergarten ....................................................................................................25 Kindergarten ..........................................................................................................28 Grade 1 ...................................................................................................................30 Grade 2 ...................................................................................................................32 Grades 3?5: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices...............................35 Grade 3 ...................................................................................................................37 Grade 4 ...................................................................................................................41 Grade 5 ...................................................................................................................44 Grades 6?8: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices...............................47 Grade 6 ...................................................................................................................49 Grade 7 ...................................................................................................................54 Grade 8 ...................................................................................................................60 High School: Overview of Science and Engineering Practices .............................66 High School Earth and Space Science ...................................................................68 High School Biology..............................................................................................72 High School Chemistry..........................................................................................79 High School Introductory Physics .........................................................................85 High School Technology/Engineering...................................................................90

2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework

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Standards-Related Appendices ..........................................................................................95 I. Science and Engineering Practices Progression Matrix .................................97 II. Essential Role of Language, Literacy, and Mathematics for Science and Technology/Engineering Learning for All Students.....................................123 III. Disciplinary Core Idea Progression Matrix ..................................................127 IV. Strand Maps of Science and Technology/Engineering Standards ................141

Curriculum-Related Appendices......................................................................................143 V. The Case for an Integrated Approach in Grades Pre-K?8 ............................145 VI. Importance of Science and Engineering in Early Education ........................149 VII. Science and Technology/Engineering Laboratories .....................................151 VIII. Value of Crosscutting Concepts and Nature of Science in Curricula...........153 IX. Relevant Contexts for Teaching Science and Technology/Engineering ......165 X. The Value of Out of School Time Programming .........................................167 XI. Safety Practices and Legal Requirements.....................................................169 XII. Dissection and Dissection Alternatives in Science Courses: Policies and Resources for Massachusetts Public Schools ...............................................179

The Development of Massachusetts' Science and Technology/Engineering Frameworks Since 1995........................................................................................................................187

The full Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework is available online at the Department's website (doe.mass.edu/frameworks/ current.html). It is also available in separate sections at doe.mass.edu/stem. The downloadable files are the same as this printed version. Feedback, comments, or questions are welcome. Please contact the Office of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics at mathsciencetech@doe.mass.edu.

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2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework

Commissioner's Foreword

Dear Colleagues,

I am pleased to present to you the 2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering (STE) Curriculum Framework. This Framework articulates statewide guidelines for STE learning, teaching, and assessment for the Commonwealth's public schools.

To prepare students for success in college, career, and civic life, the 2016 STE standards emphasize the need for student engagement, relevance, rigor, and coherence in curriculum and instruction. The standards:

? Focus on conceptual understanding and application of concepts. ? Integrate disciplinary core ideas and practices to reflect the discipline of science. ? Present coherent progressions of STE core ideas and practices from pre-K to high school. ? Include each discipline in grade-level standards pre-K to grade 8. ? Contribute to preparation for post-secondary success in college and careers. ? Coordinate with the English Language Arts (ELA) and Mathematics standards.

The 2016 STE standards maintain much of the content of our prior STE standards with updates to reflect changes identified by the field, changes in science and engineering over the past 15 years, and the addition of inquiry and design skills that students need to successfully engage in this discipline in pre-K?12 classrooms, civic life, and post-secondary opportunities. The 2016 STE standards strengthen the often-lauded standards Massachusetts has relied on since 1996.

I would like to thank all of the individuals and groups that provided input, reviewed comments, and suggested edits to the standards, as well as those who contributed to the sections of the Framework. This effort included many representatives from across the state. The Department of Early Education and Care (EEC) and the Department of Higher Education (DHE) were key collaborators to ensure a coherent perspective for all students. I am grateful for the dedication and expertise of all the educators, professionals, scholars, and other participants who engaged with the Department in this endeavor.

I believe a strong understanding of science and technology/engineering is critical for every student in the Commonwealth. Every student must understand the world around them and be able to apply analytical and innovative thinking to complex problems they will face in civic and career contexts. This Framework provides guidance and resources intended to help educators and professionals prepare students for such success. Thank you for your ongoing support for quality STE education and for your commitment to achievement of such important goals for all students in the Commonwealth.

Sincerely,

Mitchell D. Chester, Ed.D. Commissioner of Elementary and Secondary Education

2016 Massachusetts Science and Technology/Engineering Curriculum Framework

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