The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography ...



Chapter 4: Folk and Popular Culture

Test

1)

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of a group of people is a

A)

custom.

B)

popular culture.

C)

habit.

D)

taboo.

E)

character trait.

2)

A repetitive act performed by an individual is a

A)

custom.

B)

popular culture.

C)

habit.

D)

taboo.

E)

character trait.

3)

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of

A)

small homogeneous groups.

B)

large heterogeneous groups.

C)

groups living in isolated rural areas.

D)

groups that have little interaction with other groups.

E)

groups of specialists.

4)

Which of the following characteristics is more typical of a popular culture than a folk culture?

A)

It has an anonymous origin.

B)

It diffuses slowly from its point of origin.

C)

It results in a more uniform landscape.

D)

It is likely to be derived from physical conditions.

E)

Communication is more limited.

5)

Folk cultures are spread primarily by

A)

contagious diffusion.

B)

hierarchical diffusion.

C)

relocation diffusion.

D)

stimulus diffusion.

E)

epidemic diffusion.

6)

The use of a horse and buggy by the Amish in the United States is an example of a

A)

folk culture.

B)

habit.

C)

popular culture.

D)

taboo.

E)

technological innovation.

7)

Popular customs are more likely than folk customs to

A)

evolve from the isolation of different groups.

B)

rapidly diffuse through modern communication systems.

C)

reflect the unique characteristics of the landscape.

D)

have an unknown source of origin.

E)

vary from place to place.

8)

Rapid diffusion of popular culture

A)

encourages people in different places to adopt different customs.

B)

depends on modern communication systems.

C)

is an example of relocation diffusion.

D)

conserves resources.

E)

all of the above

9)

Typically, popular culture

A)

originates in a number of locations at the same time.

B)

reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical environment.

C)

experience frequent changes.

D)

is practiced by small homogeneous groups.

E)

all of the above

10)

In contrast to popular culture, folk cultures are more likely to vary

A)

from place to place at a given time.

B)

from time to time at a given place.

C)

both from place to place and from time to time.

D)

neither from place to place nor from time to time.

E)

with rapid change.

11)

The main effect of modern communications on social customs has been to

A)

preserve folk cultures, by increasing awareness of their uniqueness.

B)

stimulate the diffusion of folk cultures around the world.

C)

increase the similarity of social customs in different locations.

D)

have little effect on the diffusion of social customs.

E)

slow the rate of change.

12)

Folk customs usually originate from

A)

the availability of more leisure time.

B)

the application of industrial technology.

C)

familiar events in daily life.

D)

a famous historical event.

E)

global economic exchange.

13)

Hip Hop music originated in New York the late 1970s in

A)

Queens.

B)

Harlem.

C)

Brooklyn.

D)

the South Bronx.

E)

lower Manhattan.

14)

Folk songs are distinguished from popular songs because they

A)

tell a story about daily activities.

B)

can be understood only by one group.

C)

are never changed from one generation to the next.

D)

are only transmitted orally.

E)

written by specialists for commercial distribution.

15)

Popular customs most frequently originate in

A)

more developed countries.

B)

less developed countries.

C)

former communist countries.

D)

countries with large rural populations.

E)

equally likely in all of the above

16)

The current distribution of soccer demonstrates that

A)

a folk custom can become part of a popular culture.

B)

all sports are examples of folk culture.

C)

television has infused all sports into popular culture.

D)

American football is also an example of a folk culture.

E)

sport is more important in less developed countries.

17)

The geographer Vidal de la Blache regarded food supply as

A)

the best available example of a folk custom.

B)

the folk custom most closely tied to a particular climate.

C)

less subject to modification than the clothing and weapons.

D)

all of the above

E)

both A and C

18)

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a

A)

folk culture.

B)

habit.

C)

popular culture.

D)

taboo.

E)

tariff.

19)

A taboo against pork is a characteristic of

A)

Judaism and Islam.

B)

Judaism and Buddhism.

C)

Christianity and Buddhism.

D)

Christianity and Hinduism.

E)

Islam and Hinduism.

20)

China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because

A)

Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.

B)

China's physical environment is less suitable to raising pigs.

C)

China has more people than the countries of Southwest Asia.

D)

Rice is the main cereal grain grown in China.

E)

all of the above

21)

Pioneer farmers settling the grasslands of the American West often built houses of sod, while early settlers of the eastern forest built wooden structures like log cabins. This suggests that building materials

A)

are strongly influenced by local resources.

B)

are commonly imported long distance because of local folk culture.

C)

are chosen because of the diffusion of popular culture.

D)

are a uniform feature of folk culture.

E)

all of the above

22)

Which of the following is an important source area for U.S. folk house types?

A)

Lower Chesapeake

B)

Southern Atlantic

C)

Northeast

D)

Upper New York

E)

Southwest

23)

Today, house types in the United States are distinguished by all but which of the following?

A)

They can still be divided into three distinct regions.

B)

They display few regional distinctions.

C)

They are usually mass-produced.

D)

Alternative styles have diffused throughout the country.

E)

They demonstrate how popular customs vary more in time than in place.

24)

The most important house style in the United States since the 1960s is known as

A)

minimal traditional.

B)

contemporary.

C)

split-level.

D)

neo-eclectic.

E)

Saltbox.

25)

The diffusion of jeans is a good example primarily of the

A)

diffusion of popular culture.

B)

adoption of unique folk culture.

C)

impact of high income on clothing habits.

D)

opposition to globalization.

E)

synthetic textiles replacing natural fibers

26)

In which state would alcohol consumption be relatively low?

A)

Kentucky

B)

Nevada

C)

New York

D)

Utah

E)

California

27)

Little wine is produced in Asia primarily because

A)

grapes do not grow in these regions.

B)

wines can be imported more cheaply.

C)

cultural values and religion discourage drinking.

D)

There is no tradition of wine making.

E)

soil contaminants produce bad grapes.

28)

One significant impact of popular culture is to

A)

create a more varied and less uniform landscape.

B)

promote the diffusion of folk culture.

C)

modify the physical environment.

D)

spread through relocation diffusion.

E)

all of the above

29)

The number of television sets per person is greatest in

A)

Africa.

B)

Asia.

C)

Europe.

D)

Latin America.

E)

North America.

30)

Features of the U.S. landscape, such as gas stations, supermarkets, and motels,

A)

promote a uniform landscape.

B)

reflect the preservation of folk culture.

C)

provide diversity on the U.S. landscape.

D)

promote diffusion of folk culture.

E)

show high regional variation.

31)

Many less developed countries fear the loss of folk culture because

A)

they do not want to preserve traditional values.

B)

Western perspectives may become more dominant.

C)

popular culture devalues women.

D)

they want to avoid political disputes.

E)

Western clothing styles are less comfortable.

32)

Diffusion of popular customs can adversely impact environmental quality in two ways:

A)

reducing demand for foreign products and promoting local crafts.

B)

increased diversity and decreased demand.

C)

depletion of scarce resources and pollution.

D)

diversity of products and slow change.

E)

using renewable materials and recycled designs.

33)

People maintain their folk culture despite familiarity with popular culture primarily because of

A)

the high cost of popular customs.

B)

concern for the physical environment.

C)

strong desire to preserve unique customs.

D)

lack of exposure to the media.

E)

fear of foreign influence.

34)

Popular culture and folk culture can both result in a higher level of

A)

extinction of animal species.

B)

demand for raw materials.

C)

consumption of animal products.

D)

environmental degradation.

E)

all of the above

35)

As they have more contact with popular culture, women in less developed countries are more likely to

A)

bear more children.

B)

obtain food for the family.

C)

gain more opportunities outside the home.

D)

reduce the practice of prostitution.

E)

be subservient to men.

36)

The physical environment commonly plays an important role in the development of unique folk customs.

True

False

37)

The origin of popular music is a good example of how folk culture originates.

Answer:

True

False

38)

In general, folk culture is more likely to cause greater uniformity on the landscape than popular culture.

Answer:

True

False

39)

Two social groups living in close proximity will retain unique social customs if there is limited interaction between them.

Answer:

True

False

40)

Leaders of many developing countries fear that the spread of American popular culture will destroy traditional social behavior.

Answer:

True

False

41)

Adoption of Western popular culture seldom results in the elimination of traditional folk culture.

Answer:

True

False

42) All of the following are examples of non-material culture EXCEPT:

A) A cell phone

B) Religious belief in Buddhism

C) Custom of standing in line

D) Standard of beauty include ear piercing

E) A law that eliminates smoking in public areas

43) All of the following are usually considered to be cultural hearths EXCEPT:

A) Nile Valley

B) Indus Valley

C) East Asia

D) Mesopotamia

E) North America

44) In this process of spreading culture, individuals or populations migrating from the source areas physically carry an innovation or idea to new areas. This process is called

A) Relocation diffusion

B) Independent invention

C) Expansion diffusion

D) Contagious diffusion

E) time-distance decay

45) A group that migrates to another country intermarries with people from the new country, and within three generations, the group is indistinguishable from the dominate country. This process is best described as

A) Migration diffusion

B) Acculturation

C) trans-culturation

D) Assimilation

E) Hierarchical diffusion

46) Which of the following statements accurately contrasts folk culture to popular culture

A) Folk culture encourages sameness between and among cultures; popular culture encourages diversity

B) Folk culture usually develops when groups are in contact with one another; popular culture usually develops in isolation

C) Folk culture encourages diversity among and between cultures; popular cultures encourages common cultural bonds across cultures.

D) Popular culture is traditionally practiced by small homogenous groups living in isolated areas; folk culture is found in large heterogeneous societies bonded by common culture

E) True folk cultures only exist in the western hemisphere; popular culture exists primarily in the eastern hemisphere.

47) “Country” music in the United States generally has its roots in which of the following song areas?

A) Northern Song area

B) Western song area

C) Middle Atlantic song area

D) Southern and Appalachia song area

E) The California song area

48) The Modification of the natural landscape by human activities is the definition of which of these

A) Culture

B) Cultural landscape

C) Folk culture

D) Custom

E) Taboo

49) The definition of culture includes all of these EXCEPT:

A) Behaviors

B) Values

C) Beliefs

D) Material objects

E) Habits

50) A single attribute of culture is defined as:

A) Cultural trait

B) Cultural region

C) Acculturation

D) Assimilation

E) Cultural hearth

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