1 - White Plains Middle School



1. Culture |Good Morning.

Ni zao (Mandarin)

Buenos Dias (Spanish)

Maakye (Asante)

Language is a component of culture. |A way of life of a group of people. It includes customs, art, religious beliefs and a sense of identity. | |

|2. Cultural Diffusion | |The spread of ideas from one culture to |

| | |another culture through trade, migration, or|

| | |conquest. |

|3. Ethnocentrism | |To believe in the superiority of one’s own |

| | |ethnic group or culture. |

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|4. Interdependence | |Interdependence is the reliance of people on|

| | |goods, resources, and knowledge from other |

| | |parts of the world. This interaction is |

| | |mutually beneficial and most often takes the|

| | |form of trade and cultural diffusion. |

|5. Africa’s Geography | |Africa’s geography consists of deserts, |

| | |savannas, tropical rain forests and |

| | |Mediterranean climate. Africa’s topography |

| | |is mostly plateau. Africa’s rivers are fast|

| | |flowing. Africa’s coastline is smooth. |

| | |There are few natural ports and harbors. |

| | |These diverse features lead to a diversity |

| | |of cultures in the continent. |

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| |DESERT | |

|6. India’s Geography | |India’s geography consists of mountains, |

| | |ghats, river plains, plateau, and monsoons. |

| | |Monsoons bring rain for farming. |

|7. Latin America’s Geography | |Latin America’s geography consists of |

| | |tropical rain forests, mountains, plains and|

| | |rivers. Mountains and rain forests |

| | |prevented cultural diffusion in the past. |

|8. China’s Geography | |China’s geography consists of river |

| | |valleys, mountains, desert and an irregular|

| | |coastline. Most Chinese live along the |

| | |eastern coast because farming is possible. |

| | |Though the Chinese greatly influenced other|

| | |cultures, they were often isolated from |

| | |outside influences. |

|9. Japan’s Geography | |Japan’s geography consists of mountains, |

| | |islands and rivers. Japan is an |

| | |archipelago. It is a series of islands. |

| | |Scarcity of arable land leads to |

| | |overcrowding. |

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|10. Central Asia’s Geography | |Central Asia’s geography consists of steppes|

| | |or vast grasslands. Grasslands enabled the |

| | |Mongols to become skilled horsemen and |

| | |fierce warriors. |

|11. Southwest Asia’s Geography | |Southwest Asia’s geography consists of |

| | |deserts, good ports, a limited water supply |

| | |and oil. It is known as crossroads for |

| | |people of Africa, Asia and Europe. |

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|12. Europe’s Geography | |Europe’s geography consists of forests and |

| | |fertile soil. It is located near seas and |

| | |rivers. Its plentiful resources allowed for|

| | |early industrialization. |

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|13. Nomads | |Nomads are people who move from place to |

| | |place in search of basic necessities. |

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|14. Archaeologist | |Archaeologists are scientists who study past|

| | |cultures by analyzing human remains and |

| | |artifacts. |

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|15. Primary/ Secondary Sources | |A primary source is a first-hand account of |

| | |an event. A secondary source is an account |

| | |written by a person who has not personally |

| | |experienced the event. |

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|16. Irrigation | |Irrigation is artificially supplying water |

| | |to farmlands. |

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|17. Atlas and Almanac | |An atlas is a bound collection of maps. An |

| | |almanac is a yearly calendar showing the |

| | |times of certain events, as the rising and |

| | |setting of the sun and the moon as well as |

| | |the dates of holidays. |

|18. Neolithic Revolution | |The Neolithic Revolution occurred when some |

| | |people experienced a shift from a hunter and|

| | |gathering lifestyle to a sedentary, |

| | |agricultural lifestyle. |

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|19. Civilization | |A civilization is a community characterized |

| | |by elements such as a system of writing, |

| | |development of social classes, and cities. |

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|20. Mesopotamia | | |

| | |This was the land between the Tigris and |

| | |Euphrates rivers. The world’s earliest |

| | |civilization, Sumer, developed in this |

| | |region. It was noted for its city-states, |

| | |irrigation, ziggurats, cuneiform, and |

| | |polytheistic perspective. |

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|21. Egyptian Civilization | | Egyptian civilization developed along the |

| | |banks of the Nile River. It was noted for |

| | |its pharaohs, hieroglyphics, polytheism, |

| | |pyramids, mummification and agriculture. |

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|22. Harappan Civilization | |Harappan civilization developed along the |

| | |banks of the Indus River. It was noted for|

| | |its cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro as well|

| | |as its technological advances such as |

| | |plumbing and grid patterns. |

|23. Civilization in China | |The earliest Chinese civilization developed |

| | |along the banks of the Huang He river in |

| | |Eastern China. Though the river provided |

| | |water for irrigation, it sometimes flooded |

| | |with tragic results. |

|24. Olmecs |Beware of |The Olmec empire was the first major |

| |The |civilization in the Americas. It emerged in|

| |GODS |the tropical rain forest along the gulf |

| | |coast of Mexico. Their legacy was their |

| | |devotion to religion and their honored class|

| | |of priests. |

|25.Babylonians | | The Babylonians lived in Mesopotamia after |

| | |the fall of Sumerian civilization. They are|

| | |noted for their Code of Hammurabi, one of |

| | |the world’s earliest legal codes. |

|26. Minoan Civilization |Linear A |This civilization developed on the island of|

| | |Crete. This was the first Greek |

| |Linear B |civilization. They engaged in trade and |

| | |developed new forms of writing (linear A and|

| | |linear B). |

|27. Ancient Greece | |Ancient Greek civilization developed on a |

| | |mountainous peninsula on the Aegean sea. |

| | |Two of the more famous city-states of this |

| | |civilization were Athens and Sparta. Athens|

| | |was noted for having the world’s first |

| | |democracy while Sparta was militaristic. |

|28. Phoenicians | |The Phoenicians developed the first phonetic|

| |ABC |alphabet and the world’s first library. |

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|29. Hebrews | |The Hebrews developed the world’s first |

| | |lasting monotheistic religion. Judaism was |

| | |an ethical, monotheistic religion. |

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|30. monotheism | |Monotheism is the belief in one God. |

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|31. polytheism | |Polytheism is the belief in many Gods. |

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|32. Judaism | |Judaism was the world’s first lasting |

| | |monotheistic religion. Followers believe |

| | |that the one true God made a covenant with |

| | |his people. Jews also believe that God gave|

| | |the people the Ten Commandments through the |

| | |great prophet, Moses. The Torah is its |

| | |sacred text. |

|33. Aryans | |The Aryans were warriors who invaded India |

| | |from Europe and Asia in the 1500 B.C. |

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|34. Hinduism | Brahmins |Hinduism is the dominant religion of India. |

| |Warriors |It is considered a polytheistic religion |

| |Merchants |that teaches belief in reincarnation, karma,|

| |Farmers |dharma, and caste. Its sacred language is |

| | |Sanskrit. It has no known founder. |

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| |Untouchables | |

|35. Ancestor Worship | |Ancestor worship was one of the world’s |

| | |earliest religious experiences. People pray|

| | |to their dearly departed ancestors for |

| | |prosperity and protection. |

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|36. Animism | Every |Animism is the belief that every living and |

| |Flower |nonliving thing in nature has a spirit. |

| |Has | |

| |A | |

| |Spirit | |

| |According to Animists | |

|37. Mandate of Heaven | |This Chinese belief taught that the emperor |

| | |ruled because the Gods had chosen him to |

| | |rule. The Gods could revoke the Mandate, |

| | |thus allowing the people to overthrow an |

| | |incompetent or corrupt emperor. |

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|38. Zoroastrianism | GOOD |This religion developed in Persia by the |

| | |Prophet Zoroaster. It taught that the world|

| | |was a battlefield between the one God of |

| | |Good and the Evil one. People were free to |

| | |choose whom they followed but evil doers who|

| | |suffer the pains of Hell. |

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|39. Ancient Greek Philosophers | |Socrates taught his followers to question |

| | |assumptions and theories. Plato believed in|

| | |absolute truth and goodness. He taught that|

| | |behind every visible thing was a universal |

| | |form or idea. |

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|40. Athens | |Athens was a Greek city-state noted for |

| | |being the world’s first democracy. |

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|41. Sparta | |Sparta was a Greek city-state noted for |

| | |being a militaristic state where all |

| | |citizens prepared for war and Helots or |

| | |slaves who did the farming. |

|42. Alexander the Great | |He was a Macedonian emperor who conquered |

| | |parts of Europe, Africa and Southwest Asia. |

| | |He spread Greek culture. |

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|43. Hellenism | |Hellenism is a type of culture that resulted|

| | |from Alexander the Great’s conquests. It |

| | |blended Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian |

| | |influences. |

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|44. Roman Republic | |This republic was founded in 509 BC. It |

| | |established a new form of government. In a |

| | |republic, the people choose government |

| | |officials. This developed on the Italian |

| | |peninsula. |

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|45. Roman Empire | |The Roman empire replaced the Roman republic|

| | |as the Romans began to conquer. Its |

| | |emperors were called Caesar after Julius |

| | |Caesar, the first emperor. The Romans |

| | |conquered much of Europe, North Africa and |

| | |Asia. The Roman legacy includes a system of|

| | |laws, architecture, engineering and |

| | |Christianity. |

|46. Pax Romana | |It was a 200-year peace in the Roman Empire |

| | |that began with the emperor Augustus. |

| | |During this period, trade and prosperity |

| | |increased. |

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|47. Christianity | |Jesus Christ, a Hebrew living under Roman |

| | |occupation, founded Christianity. This |

| | |religion taught love of God and neighbor, |

| | |forgiveness and salvation. Christians |

| | |believe that Jesus rose from the dead and |

| | |that those who believe in Him shall have |

| | |everlasting life. |

|48. The Fall of Rome | |The Roman Empire fell due to barbarian |

| | |invasions, corrupt rulers, high taxes and |

| | |general unrest among its populace. |

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|49. Jainism | |Mahavira founded this Indian religion in |

| | |about 500 BC. He taught the doctrine of |

| | |ahimsa or complete nonviolence. Jains are |

| | |vegetarians who believe in reincarnation. |

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|50. Buddhism | |Siddhartha Gautama founded this Indian |

| | |religion in about 563 BC. He taught that |

| | |life is suffering but suffering can end. |

| | |His Four Noble Truths spread into China, |

| | |Japan and parts of Southeast Asia. |

|51. Maurya Empire | |This empire was founded by Chandragupta |

| | |Maurya in 321 BC in India. Its most famous|

| | |ruler was Asoka, a Hindu who after a |

| | |particularly brutal battle denounced |

| | |violence and became a tolerant ruler as |

| | |well as a Buddhist. |

|52. Gupta Empire | |Gupta civilization was a golden age in |

| | |India. Its accomplishments included |

| | |advances in art, literature and science. |

| | |During this period, the decimal system, the|

| | |concept of zero, and numerals were |

| | |invented. Doctors set broken bones, |

| | |practiced sterilization and used |

| | |vaccinations. |

|53. Confucianism | |Confucius developed this Chinese philosophy|

| | |during the 500s BC. It taught that there |

| | |were five primary relationships (ruler and |

| | |subject, husband and wife, father and son, |

| | |elder brother and younger brother, and |

| | |friend and friend). In most of these |

| | |relationships, there is a superior and an |

| | |inferior. The superior must provide for |

| | |and protect the inferior and the inferior |

| | |must obey. Confucius valued order, family |

| | |and harmony. It became the official |

| | |philosophy of China during the Han dynasty.|

|54. Taoism |Be True To Your Nature! |This Chinese philosophy developed during |

| | |the 500s BC. Its supposed founder was |

| | |Lao-Tzu. It taught to live in peace and |

| | |harmony with nature and to honor a person’s|

| | |true nature. Its symbol was the Yin-Yang, |

| | |a symbol of nonduality. |

|55. Legalism | |This Chinese philosophy was the dominant |

| | |philosophy of the Qin dynasty. It taught |

| | |that people were inherently selfish and |

| | |would only obey if harshly punished for |

| | |wrongdoing. During this time period, the |

| | |emperor ruled by force. |

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|56. Zhou Dynasty | |During this Chinese dynasty, the Zhou |

| | |rulers steadily lost power and China |

| | |descended into control by feudal lords. |

| | |Given the crisis of the times, new |

| | |philosophical schools, such as Confucianism|

| | |and Taoism, developed. |

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|57. Qin Dynasty | |The Qin dynasty defeated the warlords and |

| | |unified the country in 221 BC. Shi |

| | |Huangdi, “first emperor”, standardized |

| | |weights, measures, and coinage. A unified |

| | |system of writing was introduced and |

| | |legalist teachings were used to control the|

| | |people. This dynasty lasted only fifteen |

| | |years. During this dynasty, construction|

| | |on the Great Wall of China began. |

|58. Han Dynasty | |This Chinese dynasty was founded by a |

| | |peasant general and lasted 400 years. A |

| | |civil examination was introduced to select |

| | |the most qualified people to serve in |

| | |government and Confucianism became the |

| | |official philosophy of China. Chinese |

| | |accomplishments during this dynastic period|

| | |included the invention of paper, the |

| | |wheelbarrow, the fishing reel, the rudder, |

| | |acupuncture, anesthesia and jade and ivory |

| | |carvings. It was a golden age. |

|59. Islam | |This religion was founded by the Prophet |

| | |Muhammad in Arabia in 622 AD. It teaches |

| | |the belief in one God (Allah) and the Five |

| | |Pillars of the Faith. The Five Pillars |

| | |include the statement of faith, praying |

| | |five times a day, fasting during the holy |

| | |month of Ramadan, charity to the poor, and |

| | |pilgrimage to Mecca. Followers of this |

| | |faith are called Muslims. |

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|60. Golden Age of Islam | |At its height under the Abbasid dynasty, |

| | |Muslims experienced a golden age. Muslims |

| | |preserved Greek and Roman ideas, used |

| | |beautiful writing to decorate buildings and|

| | |art, set up hospitals with emergency rooms,|

| | |studied diseases and wrote medical books, |

| | |and developed algebra. |

|61. Silk Road | |This series of trading routes connected |

| | |China to Southwest Asia and Europe. It |

| | |allowed for cultural diffusion. |

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|62. Bantu Migrations | Migrating |Bantu languages are spoken over most of the|

| |South |southern third of the African continent. |

| | |People who spoke these languages migrated |

| | |south in order to find more favorable |

| | |living conditions. |

|63. Griots | |Griots are West African oral historians. |

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|64. West African Kingdoms | |The successive kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and |

| | |Songhai developed in West Africa. Their |

| | |wealth depended on their control of the |

| | |Trans-Saharan trade routes. |

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|65. Mansa Musa | |Mansa Musa was a famous ruler of Mali. He |

| | |converted to Islam and made a pilgrimage to|

| | |Mecca. After this capable ruler died, Mali |

| | |fell into disarray. |

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|66. Trans-Saharan Trade | |These trade routes across the Sahara |

| | |connected North Africa and West Africa. |

| | |North African nomads brought salt and |

| | |exchanged it for West African gold. |

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|67. East African Coast | |Along the East African coast, various |

| | |civilizations emerged. Its location |

| | |allowed for cultural diffusion between |

| | |Africa and Asia. This development of the |

| | |Swahili, a language that mixes Arabic and |

| | |African words. |

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|68. Mayas | |The Mayas developed a civilization in the |

| | |Yucatan peninsula between 300BC and 900 AD.|

| | |The Mayas successfully farmed on raised |

| | |platforms in the rain forest, built |

| | |pyramids and developed hieroglyphics. They|

| | |were advanced in astronomy and engineering.|

| | |The Mayas developed the concept of zero, an|

| | |accurate calendar and a number system. |

| | |They experienced a golden age. |

|69. Aztecs | |The Aztecs developed a civilization in |

| | |central Mexico during the 1200s AD. They |

| | |built pyramids, engaged in human sacrifice,|

| | |built floating islands to farm in the |

| | |swamps, and were skilled warriors. The |

| | |Spaniard, Hernan Cortes, conquered them in |

| | |the 1500s. |

|70. Incas | |The Incas built an empire in the Andes |

| | |Mountains of South America. They |

| | |successfully farmed in the mountains by |

| | |engaging in terrace farming. They provided|

| | |for the sick and the elderly and built many|

| | |roads and bridges along the mountainsides. |

| | |Francisco Pizarro conquered them in the |

| | |1500s. |

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|71. Byzantine Empire | |The Byzantine Empire was formerly the |

| | |Eastern Roman Empire. After the collapse |

| | |of the Western Empire, this empire survived|

| | |for another thousand years. Its |

| | |accomplishments included the Justinian Code|

| | |(a legal system), engineering, |

| | |architecture, and art. Orthodox |

| | |Christianity became the official religion |

| | |of the empire. It was an autocracy. |

|72. Orthodox Christianity |ROMAN CATHOLIC |In 1054 AD, a schism occurred in the |

| | |Christian Church. Western European |

| | |Christians accepted the supremacy of the |

| | |Pope in Rome and were called Catholics. |

| | |Eastern European Christians accepted the |

| | |supremacy of the Patriarch of |

| | |Constantinople and became Orthodox |

| | |Christians. |

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| |ORTHODOX CHURCH | |

|73. The Rise of Russia | |An ethnic group called the Rus first |

| | |appeared in the historical record in 860 |

| | |AD. They grew in size and power and were |

| | |influenced by the Byzantines. They became |

| | |Orthodox Christians and used the Cyrillic |

| | |alphabet. |

|74. Ottoman Turks | |The Ottoman Turks attacked and conquered |

| | |the Byzantine empire in 1453 AD. They |

| | |restricted trade between European and |

| | |Asians. This encouraged Europeans to |

| | |search for an all-water route to Asia. |

| | |They were Muslim conquerors. |

|75. Feudalism |LORDS |This political system occurred in Europe |

| | |after the collapse of the Roman Empire. It|

| | |is a system of government in which local |

| |KNIGHTS |lords control their own lands but owe |

| | |military service and other support to a |

| | |greater lord. |

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| |SERFS | |

|76. Manorialism | |This economic system accompanied feudalism |

| | |in Europe. It is structured around a |

| | |lord’s manor or estate. The lord’s manor |

| | |was self-sufficient, thus eliminating the |

| | |need for trade. |

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|77. Medieval Europe |LORDS |This time period occurred in Europe after |

| | |the collapse of the Roman empire in 476 AD.|

| | |It was marked by a reliance on feudalism |

| | |and manorialism. Peasants became serfs or |

| |KNIGHTS |people who were bound to their lords’ |

| | |manors. They labored for their lords and |

| | |gave up freedom of movement in exchange for|

| | |their lords’ protection. |

| |SERFS | |

|78. Magna Carta | |This was a charter signed by the English |

| | |King John in 1215AD. It placed limits on |

| | |the King’s power and signaled the beginning|

| | |of a constitutional monarchy. |

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|79. Constitutional Monarchy | |A constitutional monarchy is a type of |

| | |government characterized by a monarch whose|

| | |power is limited by the nation’s |

| | |constitution. |

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|80. Crusades | |The Crusades were a series of holy wars |

| | |between European Christians and Muslims for|

| | |control of Jerusalem and the holy lands. |

|81. Tang and Song Dynasties | |Under the Tang and Song dynasties, |

| | |government was efficient and society was |

| | |well structured and stable. Farming and |

| | |trade flourished and the Chinese created |

| | |beautiful works of literature, art and |

| | |architecture. During this period, Chinese |

| | |culture spread to Japan. |

|82. Shinto |Everything in |This was a traditional Japanese religion. |

| |Nature has |It was a form of animism, teaching the |

| |A Spirit! |belief in kami or good spirits in nature. |

|83. Samurai | |The samurai were Japanese warriors similar |

| | |to European knights. They served their |

| | |lords faithfully and adhered to the Code of|

| | |Bushido, a warrior code of conduct. |

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|84. Feudal Japan |SHOGUN |Fights between rival warlords lead to the |

| |DAIMYO |development of feudalism in the 1100s AD. |

| |SAMURAI |The emperor lost his power and a shogun or |

| | |military dictator eventually emerged as the|

| | |absolute ruler of Japan. |

| |Working Folk | |

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| |THE EMPEROR HAS NO POWER. | |

|85. Delhi Sultanate | |This Muslim dynasty in India was founded in|

| | |1206 AD. Sultans or Muslim rulers ruled |

| | |it. India’s people were mostly Hindus and |

| | |resented Muslim rule. |

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|86. Mongols | |These Central Asian warriors were skilled |

| | |horsemen united under Genghis Khan. They |

| | |conquered much of Asia and Eastern Europe. |

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|87. Genghis Khan | |Genghis Khan was a Mongol ruler who united |

| | |the Mongols and began the expansion of the |

| | |Mongol empire. |

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|88. Safavid Persia | |The Safavids rose to power in Persia in the|

| | |1200s. They were Shi’ite Muslims who laid |

| | |the foundation for a national culture in |

| | |modern Iran. |

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|89. Mughal India | |The Mongol, Babur, founded this Muslim |

| | |empire in India. Its most famous ruler was |

| | |Akbar who was tolerant of Hindus. Another |

| | |ruler, Shah Jahan, built the Taj Mahal for |

| | |his beloved wife. |

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|90. Ming Dynasty | |This Chinese dynasty freed the Chinese from|

| | |Mongol rule engaged in naval expeditions |

| | |abroad. Eventually, the expeditions were |

| | |stopped and the Chinese turned inwards. |

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|91. Black Death | |The bubonic plague first broke out in China|

| | |and was spread into Europe by traders and |

| | |missionaries. Between 1347 and 1351, a |

| | |third of Europe’s population died. |

|92. Commercial Revolution | |New economic developments led to |

| | |improvements in business methods and |

| | |practices in Europe after the medieval |

| | |period. This led to the beginning of |

| | |capitalism in Europe. |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|93. Renaissance | |This period of great creativity in Europe |

| | |began in the 1300s and continued into the |

| | |1600s. It was marked by a belief in |

| | |humanism or the inherent worth and |

| | |creativity of individual human beings. It |

| | |looked to the ancients Greeks and Romans |

| | |for inspiration. |

| | | |

| | | |

|94. Protestant Reformation | |The Protestant Reformation was a period |

| | |when some Europeans broke away from the |

| | |Roman Catholic Church and formed new |

| | |Christian churches called Protestant |

| | |churches. It began when Martin Luther, a |

| | |German monk, posted his ninety-five theses |

| | |on a church in 1517. |

|95. Absolutism | |Absolutism is a system of government |

| | |characterized by rulers who have complete |

| | |authority over the government and the lives|

| | |of their subjects. |

| | | |

| | | |

|96. Westernization in Russia | |The Russian czar, Peter the Great, began to|

| | |westernize or adopt Western European ways |

| | |in Russia. He gained access to the Baltic |

| | |Sea and built St. Petersburg as his window |

| | |to the west. |

|97. Scientific Revolution |North |The Scientific Revolution was a period in |

| | |the 1500s and 1600s in which scientific |

| | |thinkers challenged traditional ideas and |

| | |relied on observation and experimentation. |

| |West East| |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| |South | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|98. Age of Exploration | |As Europeans sought an all-water route to |

| | |Asia in order to avoid Ottoman interference|

| | |in trade and as new navigational advances |

| | |occur, Europeans began to explore the seas |

| | |and develop new trades routes in the 1400s.|

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|99. Conquest of the Americas | |In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the|

| | |islands of the Caribbean. He claimed the |

| | |land for Spain and paved the way for other |

| | |European explorers and conquerors to claim |

| | |parts of the Americas for the European |

| | |rulers. The indigenous people were easily |

| | |conquered due to European military power, |

| |CONQUEST |firearms, domesticated horses and diseases.|

|100. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | |The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade occurred |

| | |during the 1500s to 1800s. Due to the |

| | |deaths of large numbers of Native American |

| | |Indians, Africans were captured and shipped|

| | |to the Americas by Europeans and Americans.|

| | |These captured Africans were enslaved and |

| | |forced to work on plantations. Millions |

| | |of Africans were enslaved. This trade |

| | |destroyed Trans-Saharan trade, increased |

| | |tribal warfare, and greatly weakened West |

| | |African political, economic, and social |

| | |stability. |

-----------------------

Suffering

USA TACO

My Culture

Your Culture

RAIN

MONSOON

Terrace Farming

Mts.

rivers

Sea

Overcrowding

Grasslands

WATER

Fertile Soil, Forests,

AND WATER

Moving with the Moon and the Stars

Digging up the past

I Saw.

You Heard.

Bringing the water to the land.

Atlas-maps

Almanacs-Facts

Grow, Don’t Go

Cities

The land between the rivers.

Pyramids on the Nile

Cities on a Grid

Farming in the East

The Code of Hammurabi

City-State

City-State

The Ten Commandments

ONE GOD

GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD GOD

GOD GOD GOD

THE

TORAH

INVADERS

Grandpa,

Send us Rain!

The Gods Choose the Emperor

EVIL

I have a question!

VOTE

All Men to War!

Spreading Greek Culture

Mixing Greek, Persian, Egyptian and Indian

Citizens:

Remember to Vote

All Roads Lead to Rome

Here lies Rome…

476AD

VIOLENCE

VIOLENCE

Hey, did you know the Guptas invented the decimal system?

Confucius says,

Honor the Superior!

Bury him alive for he has done wrong!

Will these warlords ever stop fighting?

A Unified China

The Chinese invented paper, the wheelbarrow and anesthesia during this golden age.

The 5 Pillars of the Faith

Muslims developed algebra and medical books.

TRADE

This is our history.

TRADE

The king converted to Islam.

TRADE

Swahili is a language that mixes Arabic and African words.

A 365 Day Calendar

GIVING HUMAN BLOOD TO THE SUN GOD.

Terrace Farming

The Justinian Code

Orthodox Church

Muslim conquerors of the Byzantines

A self-sufficient village

The King’s power is limited.

The Constitution is the Law of the Land.

HOLY WARS

Trade, the Arts and Agriculture Flourished.

THE CODE OF BUSHIDO

Muslims in India

From Central Asia, they conquered a vast empire.

The ruthless ruler who killed his half-brother…

Laying the foundation for a modern culture in Iran

A building for my beloved wife

Stop the expeditions, turn inward!

Here lies one-third of Europe’s population.

Invest your dollars in Mr. Brown’s new venture

You are an individual!

95 THESES…

Posted by Martin Luther

I AM THE STATE

LOOKING WEST

SAILING

EUROPE

AFRICA

AMERICASSS

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp

And Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Created by Elizabeth Napp and Jawanda Spears

Compass

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