Ch 16 Sect 5 Notes-#7



16.5 - Life in Rural and Urban Texas

A typical day in the life of a 13 year old son on his family farm in the early 1900s…..

“ I did my chores every morning before school. I had to milk the cows and chop wood to last all day. After I washed my face and hands, I ate breakfast, which was usually bacon, eggs, biscuit, and gravy. I walked to school carrying my lunch in an old syrup bucket. Two biscuits, eggs on one, and bacon on the other biscuit. I walked to school with one brother and two sisters. There were eight children.”

| |[pic] |

|Life in Texas changed in the early 1900s. Silent Movies, & Radio became important parts of |Scene from the 1921 Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, |

|culture. We now had leisure time. The economy grew during the 1920s. Many people enjoyed better |one of the highest-grossing silent films. |

|lives. Farmers had problems, though. There were more farms, but most farmers did not own their | |

|own land. During the 1920s, farmers began to use machines to carry out more and more of their | |

|work. These machines were costly. To buy them, the farmers had to borrow money. Then the food | |

|prices fell. As a result, farmers could not pay off their debts. | |

| | |

|The number of people in the state continued to grow. Many new settlers came from other lands. | |

|At the same time, the state had large numbers of African Americans and Mexican American. | |

| |

|In the 1920s, cities were growing quickly. Four Texas cities – Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, & San Antonio – grew to have more than 150,000 people. |

|Houston was the state’s leading port. Dallas became a manufacturing center. Many of the factories there made Textiles. Fort Worth was the Meat |

|Packing capital of Texas. Also most all railroads came thru Fort Worth. San Antonio was a center for the Wool Industry. The city had a mix of |

|Hispanic, German, and Anglo cultures. The growth of cities led to a greater need for Roads, Utilities, & Other Services. |

|The 1920s saw social changes. Women had more job opportunities than ever before. People had more leisure time. Due to the innovations and inventions,|

|that reduced work-time. |

Main Idea:

Life changed quickly in both rural and urban Texas. Farms experienced both prosperity and hardship. Cities faced both opportunity and challenges.

Vocabulary:

surplus - more food, fuel, lumber, etc, than people need

Multicultural - mix of many races Hispanic, German, Anglo, etc. of people in one city, town, or region

Changes in Life in Rural and Urban Texas

|Area of Change |Change |

| |More leisure time for radio, movies, and sports |

|Lifestyle |More women work outside the home |

| |Almost Doubles |

|Population |1900, 3 million…..1930, 6 million |

| |1900, 71,000 Mexicans……1930, 680,000 |

| |1930 , 1 out-of-every 5 Texans are African Americans 1,200,000 |

| |More Farms and Farmland |

| |Tenant farmers ran 60% of the Farms |

| |Irrigation and Machinery, especially tractors |

|Rural Texas |Increase Debt |

| |Reduced Crop Prices |

| |Drought kills crops and creates ‘Dust Bowl’ |

| |Population Boom |

| |By 1920, 30 Texas Cities had over 10,000 people living in them |

|Urban Texas |Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth, & San Antonio had over 150,000 |

| |Growth in demand for services |

| |San Antonio becomes a multicultural city |

A Changing Population

← Population goes from 3 million to about 6 million

|TEXAS IN THE 1920s |

( (( (

| |Troubles on | |

|Population Changes |the Farm |Changing Lifestyles |

|Population of Texas grew | |More people have Electricity and Cars |

|Cities grew larger |Falling food |People have more Leisure time |

|Many immigrants came from South & Central Europe and Mexico |prices made |Movies, Radio, & Sports grow more popular |

|Many of the African Americans left Texas for other States |it hard for |Women have more Job Opportunities |

| |Farmers to | |

| |pay off their | |

| |growing debt | |

Changes in Rural Texas

← Several factors changed farming

← 3 out of 5 Farms are being worked by Tenant Farmers

← Railroads and highways enabled farmers to bring their crops to market

← Irrigation allowed farmers to grow crops on once-dry lands and improved the work-life of Farmers

← Machinery, especially Tractors ( made farm work faster and easier

Farmers in Crisis

← The growing population led to an increased demand for food

← Farmers grew a surplus, or more food than the population needed

← Surplus of crops + Crop prices dropped ( low prices ) = many out-of-business

← Many farmers went into debt buying new Tractors & Machinery

← Long Droughts destroyed crops

← Dust Bowl caused many Family-Farms to Go Out Of Business

Changes in the Cities

| |Members of different ethnic groups helped build the railroads. Many of them stayed in Texas. Houston the Railway of the |

|Houston |South. |

| |Dallas became a center for banking, medicine, publishing, jewelry, & machinery manufacturing. Nearby cotton fields helped |

|Dallas |Dallas become a Textile Center |

| |San Antonio’s location near sheep ranches helped it become an important Wool center. Also known as - the mixing-pot for Texas |

|San Antonio |ethnic cultures, Multicultural City |

| |The ‘gateway’ to Mexico. El Paso’s location near major mining areas and plentiful natural resources allowed it to become a |

|El Paso |center for Industry and Transportation |

|[pic] |

Lifestyle Changes

Leisure Time

← 1922, Texans own more than ½ million trucks and cars

← Radio, ( WBAP in Fort Worth ), Silent Movies, and the newly organized, Southwest Conference ( 1914 ) provided collegiate Sporting Events

← The Southwest conference organized football, basketball and track competitions among colleges and universities

The Role of Women

← The growing number of schools and the rapid growth of industry created more job opportunities for women

← Women became teachers, dressmakers, telephone operators, office workers, and sales representatives

1. What does surplus mean ?

A. shortage B. custom-made C. extra D. spoiled

2. In 1914, the Southwest Conference organized what types of competition between colleges and universities ?

A. soccer and rugby B. volleyball

C. hockey, swimming, and track D. football, basketball, and track

3. What two factors changed farming ?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

4. What major lifestyle changes did Texans undergo in the early 1900s ?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

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