Monmouth, New Jersey
Monmouth, New Jersey
June 28, 1778
July 7, 2004
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British & American returns are (estimated fit for duty/total present including sick; American total include only fit present and sick present, but not sick absent, on command & extra service or on furlough)
The British Main Army: LTG Sir Henry Clinton
Royal Artillery: BG James Pattison
1st Division: LTG Lord Charles Cornwallis
Royal Artillery (4 x 12-pdr)
16th Light Dragoons (313 with 200 horses/454) [LTC William Harcourt]
1st Light Infantry Battalion (698/761) [LTC Robert Abercromby]
Queen’s Rangers (405/454) [LTC John Graves Simcoe]
1st Battalion British Grenadiers (687/730) [LTC William Meadows]
2nd Battalion British Grenadiers (678/737) [LTC Henry Monckton]
Royal Artillery with the Grenadiers (4 x 6-pdr)
Hessian Grenadier Brigade: Col. Henrich Julius von Kospoth
Linsing Grenadier Battalion (353/411) [LTC Otto Christian von Linsing]
Minnigerode Grenadier Battalion (358/427) [LTC Friedrich L. von Minnigerode]
Lengerke Grenadier Battalion (405/453) [LTC Georg Emanuel Lengerke]
Each battalion had 2 x 3-pdr battalion guns
Brigade of Foot Guards (@907): BG Edward Mathew
1st Battalion Guards (?/502) [Col. Henry Trelawney]
2nd Battalion Guards (?/480) [LTC James Ogilvie?]
Royal Artillery (4 x 6-pdr)
3rd British Brigade: MG Charles Grey
15th Regiment of Foot (322/352) [LTC Joseph Shopford?]
17th Regiment of Foot (298/330) [LTC Charles Mawhood]
42nd Highland Regiment (624/639) [LTC Thomas Sterling]
44th Regiment of Foot (316/334) [LTC Henry Hope]
Royal Artillery (4 x 6-pdr)
4th British Brigade: MG James Agnew
33rd Regiment of Foot (358/365) [LTC James Webster]
37th Regiment of Foot (362/386) [?]
46th Regiment of Foot (294/319) [LTC Enoch Markham]
64th Regiment of Foot (389/426) [MAJ Robert McLeroth]
Royal Artillery (4 x 6-pdr)
5th British Brigade: BG Alexander Leslie
7th Regiment of Foot (321/333) [LTC Alured Clarke]
26th Regiment of Foot (297/314) [LTC Charles Stuart]
63rd Regiment of Foot (300/305) [LTC James Paterson]
Royal Artillery (4 x 3-pdr)
NOT PRESENT AT BATTLE:
2nd Divison: LTG Wilhem von Knyphausen
Royal Artillery (6 x 12-pdr)
Royal Artillery (4 x 5.5" how)
Pontoon Train
Wagon Train
17th Light Dragoons (306 with 200 horses/333) [LTC Samuel Birch]
2nd Light Infantry Battalion (756/799) [MAJ John Maitland]
Hessian Jaegers (619/793): LTC Ludwig Johann Adolph von Wurmb
[Victualling returns are 664 HC foot jaegers, 37 HC mounted jaegers, & 92 A-B jagers]
1st Company/Hesse-Cassel Jaegers (@100/?)
2nd Company/Hesse-Cassel Jaegers (@100/?)
3rd Company/Hesse-Cassel Jaegers (@100/?)
4th Company/Hesse-Cassel Jaegers (@100/?)
Anspach-Beyreuth Jaeger Co (@100/92)
Mounted Jaegers (92/37?)
Hesse-Cassel Artillery (2 x 3-pdr)
1st British Brigade: MG John Vaughan
4th Regiment of Foot (310/321) [MAJ Sir James Murray?]
23rd Regiment of Foot (416/432) [LTC Nesbitt Balfour]
28th Regiment of Foot (302/313) [LTC Robert Prescott]
49th Regiment of Foot (360/372) [LTC Sir Henry Calder]
Royal Artillery (4 x 6-pdr)
2nd British Brigade: MG James Grant
5th Regiment of Foot (328/367) [MAJ George Harris?]
10th Regiment of Foot (280/135) [LTC Francis Smith] (128 absent on command)
27th Regiment of Foot (304/340) [LTC Edward Mitchell]
40th Regiment of Foot (305/322) [LTC Thomas Musgrave]
55th Regiment of Foot (266/268) [LTC Cornelius Cuyler]
Royal Artillery (4 x 6-pdr)
Hessian Brigade: MG Johann Daniel von Stirn
Du Corps [aka Leib] Regiment (519/573) [COL Friedrich W. von Wurmb]
Donop Regiment (527/580) [COL David von Gosen]
Each battalion had 2 x 3-pdr battalion guns
Hessian Brigade (677/786): COL August von Loos
Alt Lossberg Regiment (?/276) [COL Johann August von Loos]
Knyphausen Regiment (?/253) [MAJ Johann Friedrich von Stein]
Grenadier Regiment von Woellwarth (aka Rall) (?/257)
*The men from Woellwarth Regiment were divided between the two other units.
Each battalion had 2 x 3-pdr battalion guns (maybe? They lost their guns at Trenton)
Loyalists:
Corps of Guides and Pioneers (183/206) [CPT Simon Fraser]
Roman Catholic Volunteers (193/207) [LTC Alfred Clifton]
1st Bn/Maryland Loyalists (322/370) [LTC James Chambers]
1st Bn/Pennsylvania Loyalists (148/168) [LTC William Allen]
2nd Bn/New Jersey Volunteers (196/211) [LTC John Van Dike]
Bucks County Volunteers (?/76) [CPT William Thomas]
Provincial Dragoons (175/176)
Philadephia Light Dragoons (?/116) [CPT Richard Hovenden]
Bucks County Light Dragoons (?/60) [LT Walter Willet]
Provincial Recruits:
New Jersey Volunteers (?/17)
Caledonian Volunteer (45/9) [CPT William Sutherland]
*Probably includes Buck County Volunteers from above
Volunteers of Ireland (34/16)
Emmericks Chasseurs (?/11)
American Main Army: General George Washington
Heavy Artillery: BG Henry Knox
Continental Artillery (2 x 12-pdr/2 x 5.5" how)
Light Brigade: BG Daniel Morgan [not present in battle]
Morgan’s Corps (250/?)
Picked Marksmen Battalion (450/?)
Advance Corps: MG Charles Lee
Advance Detachments:
Jackson’s Detachment (@200):
Jackson's Regiment (250/250) [COL Henry Jackson]
(Composed of men from Jackson’s Henley’s and Lee’s Regiments)
Butler’s Detachment (@200):
9th Pennsylvania Regiment (117/124) [COL Richard Butler]
Detachment/1st New York Regiment (@100) [MAJ Benjamin Ledyard]
Scott’s Brigade (@600): COL William Grayson
4th-8th-12th Virginia Regiment (400/425) [COL James Wood]
Grayson’s Regiment (114/144) [COL William Grayson]
Patton’s Regiment (113/123) [LTC John Parke]
CPT Thomas Wells’ Battery/3rd Continental Arillery (2 guns)
Varnum’s Brigade (@600): COL John Durkee
4th Connecticut Regiment (234-50*/254) [COL John Durkee]
8th Connecticut Regiment (233-50*/265) [COL John Chandler]
1st & 2nd Rhode Island Regiment (329-100*/350) [COL Israel Angell]
Cook’s & Compston’s Battery/3rd Continental Artillery (2 guns)
Lafayette’s Command: MG Marquis de Lafayette
Wayne’s Detachment (@1000): (BG Anthony Wayne absent)
Livingston’s Battalion (@380):
4th New York Regiment (182/193) [COL Henry Beekman Livingston]
Detachment/2nd Mass Regiment (@50) [LTC Ezra Badlam]
1st Virginia Regiment (@100) [MAJ Edmund Dickinson]
Stewart’s Battalion:
2nd Pennsylvania Regiment (118/126) [COL Walter Stewart]
Detachment/Varnum’s Briagde (@100)
Wesson’s Battalion:
9th Mass. Regiment (236/247) [COL James Wesson]
Detachment/3rd Maryland Regiment (@100) [LTC Nathaniel Ramsay]
CPT Thomas Seward/s Battery/3rd Continental Artillery (2 guns)
Scott’s Detachment (@1400): BG Charles Scott
Cilley’s Battalion (@350 rank & file)
1st New Hampshire Regiment (242/249) [COL Joseph Cilley]
3rd New Hampshire Regiment (109/118) [LTC Henry Dearborne]
2nd Rhode Island Regiment (@100) [MAJ Simeon Thayer]
Parker’s Battalion:
1st Virginia Regiment[1] (@100) [COL Richard Parker]
Detachment/4th Maryland Regiment (@150) [LTC Samuel Smith]
Detachment/6th Maryland Regiment (@150) [CPT Alexander Trueman]
Butler’s Battalion:
4th Pennsylvania Regiment (157/163) [LTC William Butler]
3rd Maryland Regiment (282-100*/292) [COL Mordecai Gist]
Bradford’s (?) Battalion:
14th Mass. Regiment (185/191) [COL Gamaliel Bradford]
5th-9th Virginia Regiment (@80) [?]
Wells’ Battery/3rd Continental Artillery (4 guns)
New Jersey Division: BG William Maxwell
New Jersey Brigade (@1000): Colonel Matthias Ogden
1st New Jersey Regiment (396/444) [COL Matthias Ogden]
2nd New Jersey Regiment (373/385) [COL Israel Shreve]
3rd New Jersey Regiment (294/312) [COL Elias Dayton]
4th New Jersey Regiment (234/257) [COL Ephraim Martin]
CPT Thomas Randall’s Company/Continental Artillery (2 guns)
New Jersey Militia Bde (@1000): BG Philemon Dickinson
1st Hunterdown, New Jersey Militia
4th Hunterdown, New Jersey Militia
1st Middlesex, New Jersey Militia
1st Monmouth, New Jersey Militia
3rd Monmouth, New Jersey Militia
Left Wing: MG William Alexander (Lord Stirling)
1st Pennsylvania Brigade (429): Colonel James Chambers
1st Pennsylvania Regiment (221/232) [COL James Chambers]
7th Pennsylvania Regiment (175/183) [COL William Irvine]
10th Pennsylvania Regiment (168/181) [COL George Nagel]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
2nd Pennsylvania Brigade (487): Colonel Francis Johnston
1st New York Regiment (387-100*/392) [COL Goose Van Schaick]
5th Pennsylvania Regiment (194/215) [COL Francis Johnston]
11th Pennsylvania Regiment (90/95) [COL Richard Humpton]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
3rd Pennsylvania Brigade (438): Colonel Robert Magaw
3rd Pennsylvania Regiment (107/119) [COL Thomas Craig]
6th Pennsylvania Regiment (146/146) [LTC Josiah Harmar]
12th Pennsylvania Regiment (108/120) [COL William Cooke?]
Malcolm’s Regiment (72/91) [COL William Malcolm]
Spencer’s Regiment (69/72) [COL Oliver Spencer]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
Glover's 2nd Mass.Brigade (636): BG John Glover
1st Mass. Regiment (232/249) [COL Joseph Vose]
4th Mass. Regiment (249/259) [COL William Shepard]
13th Mass. Regiment (250/256) [COL Edward Wigglesworth]
15th Mass. Regiment (197/208) [COL Timothy Bigelow]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
Patterson's 3rd Mass. Brigade (485): BG John Patterson
10th Mass. Regiment (184/201) [COL Thomas Marshall]
11th Mass. Regiment (211/226) [COL Benjamin Tupper]
12th Mass. Regiment (183/193) [COL Samuel Brewer]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
Learned's 4th Mass. Brigade (373): Colonel John Bailey
2nd Mass. Regiment (226-50*/248) [COL John Bailey]
8th Mass. Regiment (183/187) [COL Michael Jackson]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
Right Wing: MG Nathaniel Greene
New Hampshire Brigade (754): BG Enoch Poor
2nd New Hampshire Regiment (195/205) [COL Nathan Hale]
2nd New York Regiment (251/262) [COL Philip Van Cortlandt]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
North Carolina Brigade (425): BG Laclan McIntosth
1st North Carolina Regiment (310/312) [COL Thomas Clark]
2nd North Carolina Regiment (309/332) [COL John Patten]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
1st Maryland Brigade (790): BG William Smallwood
1st Maryland Regiment (203/208) [COL John Hawkins Stone]
Delaware Regiment (211/219) [COL David Hall]
5th Maryland Regiment (183/197) [COL William Richardson]
7th Maryland Regiment (278/282) [COL John Gunby]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
2nd Maryland Brigade (602): Colonel Otho Williams
2nd Maryland Regiment (345/347) [LTC Thomas Woolford]
4th Maryland Regiment (269-150*/276) [COL Josias Carvil Hall]
6th Maryland Regiment (306-150*/314) [COL Otho Holland Williams]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
Huntington's Connecticut Brigade (632): BG Jedediah Huntington
1st & 7th Connecticut Regiment (551/612) [LTC Prentiss]
2nd & 5th Connecticut Regiment (485/520) [COL P.B. Bradley]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
1st Virginia Brigade (711): BG Peter Muhlenberg
1st Virginia State Regiment (203/231) [COL George Gibson]
2nd Virginia State Regiment (229/256) [COL Gregory Smith]
The German Battalion (313/317) [LTC Ludowick Weltner]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
2nd Virginia Brigade (587): BG George Weedon
2nd Virginia Regiment (154/165) [COL Christian Febiger]
6th Virginia Regiment (47/53) [COL John Gibson]
10th Virginia Regiment (218/238) [COL John Green]
14th Virginia Regiment (225/250) [COL William Davies]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
3rd Virginia Brigade (475): BG William Woodford
3rd Virginia Regiment (121/126) [COL William Heth]
7th Virginia Regiment (226/233) [LTC Holt Richardson]
11th Virginia Regiment (152/155) [LTC Daniel Morgan – detached]
15th Virginia Regment (146/149) [COL David Mason]
Continental Artillery (2 x 3/6-pdr)
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NOTES:
1. British OB: Drawn from CO 5/96: British Forces under Clinton, May 23, 1778, British Casualties at Monmouth June 28, 1778, With Clinton, Neversunk, New Jersey, July 3, 1778; and Return of the Number of Men, Wagoners, Women, & Children victualled at Monmouth the 27th & 28th June 1778 found in Sir Henry Clinton Papers, vol. 36, No 5., William Clements Library, the University of Michigan, edited by Todd W. Braisted, James Kochan, Donald M. Londahl-Smidt, and Garry Wheeler Stone (found online at ). I have taken the July 3 return of men fit and present and added back in the casualties from June 28. The victualling report contains more men, but all of them were not necessarily fit for duy. Artillery returns are based on previous artillery distributions in 1777 and later notes.
2. American OB: This is drawn from Lesser, Novak, Rees, and Lee’s Court Martial. Artillery returns are estimates based on which limited information exists about American guns. The individual returns were taken after the battle and total higher than what the regiments probably had that day. I’ve listed the brigade strength that was available on the day of the battle in the brigade title. Some returns sadly just don’t add up! Also each brigade had detached 25 men to the Picked Marksmen battalion with Morgan. Overall, the American Army had 13,504 men and officers present fit for duty on June 22, 1778, of which about about 600-800 were artillery, the rest infantry. I have excluded the “On Command & Extra Service” from the regimental totals as these men could have been in the area (such as in the Picked Marksmen Battalion), but many were probably detached far away from the battlefield. Additionally, the size of the detachments to the advance guard are often best estimates on my part.
3. Wagon Trains & Pontoon Train: The baggage train was historically 12 miles.
[pic]
SOURCES:
CO 5/95 Militiary Dispatches 1777-78, PRO
CO 5/96 Military Dispatches 1778, PRO (British muster strengths)
Andre, John, Henry Cabot ed. Andre's Journal: An Authentic Record of the Movements and Engagements of the British Army in America From June 1777 to November 1778 as Recorded From Day to Day by Major John Andre, 2 vols. Boston: The Bibliophile Society, 1903.
Atkinson, Christopher T. "British Forces in North American, 1774-1781: Their Distribution and Strength." Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research, 16 (Spring 1937), pp. 3-23; 18 (Autumn 1940), pp. 163-166; 20 (Winter 1941), pp. 190-192.
Todd W. Braisted, James Kochan, Donald M. Londahl-Smidt, and Garry Wheeler Stone, eds. Return of the Number of Men, Wagoners, Women, & Children victualled at Monmouth the 27th & 28th June 1778 found in Sir Henry Clinton Papers, vol. 36, No 5., William Clements Library, the University of Michigan, edited by (found online at ).
Ewald, Johann von, Joseph P. Tustin, ed. Diary of the American War: a Hessian Journal. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
Howe, William. The Narrative of Lieut. Gen. Sir William Howe, in a Committee of the House of Commons; On the 29th of April, 1779, Relative to His Conduct, During His Late Command of the King's Troops in North America: To Which Are Added, Some Observations Upon a Pamphlet, Entited, Letters to a Nobleman. London: H. Baldwin, 1780.
Lesser, Charles H., ed. The Sinews of Independence. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1976. (May, 1778 & June, 1778 musters for American muster strengths)
Martin, David G. The Philadelphia Campaign, June 1777 - July 1778. Conschohocken, Pa.: Combined Books, 1993.
McHenry, James. Journal of a March, a Battle, and a Waterfall, Being the Version Elaborated by James McHenry From His Diary of the Year 1778, Begun at Valley Forge and Containing Accounts of the British, the Indians, and the Battle of Monmouth. Privately Printed, 1945.
Novak, Greg. The American War of Independence, Book One: the Northern Campaign. Calumet, Pa: Old Glory Corp. (American organization and July 1778 American muster strength)
Rees, John U. “What is this you have been about to day?” The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, Appendix C “General lee being detached with the advanced Corps” Composition of Charles Lee’s Division. found at
Rees, John U. “What is this you have been about to day?” The New Jersey Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth, Appendix E “A large number of troops …” Continental and British Army Field Returns, 28 June 1778. found at
Ward, Christopher, The War of the Revolution, 2 vols. New York: MacMillian, 1952.
Major General Lord Stirling, President. “Proceedings of a Court Martial”. The Lee Papers, vol. III, 1778-82. New York Historical Society 1874.
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[1] The total return for the combined 1st-5th-9th Virginia Regiment is 281/507.
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