Statistics and Probability for Engineering Applications

Statistics and Probability

for Engineering Applications

With Microsoft? Excel

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Statistics and Probability

for Engineering Applications

With Microsoft? Excel

by

W.J. DeCoursey

College of Engineering,

University of Saskatchewan

Saskatoon

Amsterdam

Boston

London

San Diego

San Francisco

N e w Yo r k

Singapore

Oxford

Sydney

Paris

To k y o

Newnes is an imprint of Elsevier Science.

Copyright ? 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN: 0-7506-7618-3

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Contents

Preface ................................................................................................ xi

What¡¯s on the CD-ROM? ................................................................. xiii

List of Symbols .................................................................................. xv

1. Introduction: Probability and Statistics......................................... 1

1.1

1.2

Some Important Terms ................................................................... 1

What does this book contain? ....................................................... 2

2. Basic Probability ............................................................................. 6

2.1

2.2

Fundamental Concepts .................................................................. 6

Basic Rules of Combining Probabilities ......................................... 11

2.2.1 Addition Rule .................................................................... 11

2.2.2 Multiplication Rule ............................................................ 16

2.3 Permutations and Combinations .................................................. 29

2.4 More Complex Problems: Bayes¡¯ Rule .......................................... 34

3. Descriptive Statistics: Summary Numbers ................................... 41

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

Central Location .......................................................................... 41

Variability or Spread of the Data ................................................... 44

Quartiles, Deciles, Percentiles, and Quantiles ................................ 51

Using a Computer to Calculate Summary Numbers ...................... 55

4. Grouped Frequencies and Graphical Descriptions ..................... 63

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

Stem-and-Leaf Displays ................................................................ 63

Box Plots ...................................................................................... 65

Frequency Graphs of Discrete Data .............................................. 66

Continuous Data: Grouped Frequency ......................................... 66

Use of Computers ........................................................................ 75

v

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