Microsoft Word - Unit 1A - LabBurningCandle 2.doc
Name:Per:Date:Lab Partner(s):Chemistry in Context - The Burning Candle LabIntroductionWhy does a flame burn? This lab will test your skill at observation as you investigate the seemingly simple process of a candle burning.Observation is an important part of science but is often misunderstood by beginners. Many students believe that “observing” is the same as “seeing”. However, observing is much more than seeing.For example, at the scene of an accident different witnesses will often give different testimony as to what they saw. The witnesses all saw the same thing, but some are more observant than others.This lab consists of a simple system--a burning candle. You have undoubtedly seen a burning candle many times before. In this lab, you will observe the candle, and then make inferences based on what was observed. You must make a minimum of 40 observations total and an inference for EACH part of the lab. Remember that an inference is your conclusion based on the basis of evidence and reasoning. Pre-laboratory AssignmentRead the ENTIRE lab procedure and then answer the pre-lab questions.How many different sets of observations and inferences are you to make of the burning candle?What is the purpose of the 250 mL beaker in Part 3?What is the purpose of the 250 mL beaker in Part 4?In Part 5, how far away from the wick are you to hold the burning splint after the candle is blown out.List the materials needed for Part 8. Why is it important to hold the thermometer in the center of the water in the testtube when recording temperature? How many total observations must you make? How many inferences? Materials1 candleMatches250-ml beaker600 mL beaker1000 mL beakerWire gauzeCobalt chloride paperLimewaterErlenmeyer flask (150 or 250 mL)Test-tubeThermometerTest tube holderGraduated cylinder-10 or 25 mLWooden splintSafety: Tie back hair and loose clothing. Do not drop matches into the sink.Procedure and ObservationsPart 1. Teacher demonstrationsYour teacher will demonstrate a combustion reaction using a flammable liquid. What is the fuel?Write down 3 observations about the fuel BEFORE the demonstration? Write down 5 observations DURING/AFTER the demonsration?FOR PARTS 2-9, Write an Analysis/Inference statement after EACH SET OF OBSERVATIONS. ANALYSIS: What is your inference(What conclusion can you draw) about the candle based ONLY on the observations made for that part. ProcedureObservations / DataAnalysis / Interpretation1.1.2.3.1.2.4.5.2::838.39.40.::8 Part 2. The unlit/burning candleObserve the UNLIT candle and record as many observations as you can.Light the candle and observe the burning candle. Record as many observations as you can during the next 5 minutes. Observe and record what happens when you put out the candle (to avoid blowing wax all over, cup you hand behind the candle when you blow it out). Use all your senses! Be sure to notice how many states of matter are present while the candle is burning. Part 3. The 250-mL beakerLower a clean, dry 250-ml beaker, right side up, into the candle flame, and hold it there for a moment. The candle flame should just touch the bottom of the beaker, without letting the flame go out.Record your observations:Part 4. The upside-down 250-mL beakerHold a clean, dry 250-ml beaker upside down over the burning candle.Locate the flame just inside the mouth of the beaker so that it will continue to burn. Hold the beaker at this height for a few seconds, and note the appearance of the material, which collects on the sides of the beaker.Wipe a piece of cobalt chloride paper over the material collected on the sides of te beaker. (Cobalt chloride paper turns pink in the presence of water)Record your observations:Part 5. The smoldering splintLight the candle, and allow it to burn for 1 minute.Hold a wood splint in the candle until it catches on fire, then hold the burning splint away from the candle.Blow out the candle with a short puff of breath and immediately hold the burning splint about 2” from the wick in the smoke rising from the candle.Record your observations:Part 6. The Wire Mesh (wire gauze)Burn your candle for 1 minute.Take the square of wire mesh (wire gauze) and Slowly lower a portion of the mesh with holes, not the solid center of the mesh, down over the wick and flame of your candle.Slowly raise the mesh up and down in the flame.Record your observations:Part 7. 1000 mL vs. 600 mL beakerTurn a 1000 mL beaker over the lit candle. Record the time required for the flame to extinguish. Re-light the candle. Turn a 600 mL beaker over the lit candle. Record the time required for the flame to extinguish.Part 8. Limewater testObtain about 10 mL of limewater in a graduated cylinder. Be careful not to agitate the limewater prematurely. Invert an Erlenmeyer flask slightly over the flame for 45-60 seconds so that the gases being produced are collected in the flask. Then lower the flask over the burning candle until the flame is extinguished. QUICKLY Remove the flask, turn it upright and add limewater to the flask. Stopper the flask, shake the solution and watch for a change in the solution. (Limewater turns cloudy in the presence of carbon dioxide gas)Record your observationsPart 9. Temperature TestHalf fill the test tube with tap water. Check the temperature of water and record. Heat the water over the candle for about 2 minutes. Make sure to use a test tube clamp to avoid burning yourself. Record the temperature every 30 seconds. Make sure to hold the thermometer in the middle of the water. Cleaning UpWash all dirty glassware. Return all CLEAN and DRY materials to appropriate storage location.Wipe down your lab bench.Analysis and ConclusionsName four things (substances/materials) a burning candle produces. What is the proof that these substances are produced. Use your lab, cite specific test/part. When the candle is lit, what is the main fuel, the wax or the wick? Support your answer with observations.When the candle is lit, what state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas) do you think is actually burning? Explain. Hint: answer these questions. What happens when you try to light the bottom of a candle? What happens when you heat a liquid? .Develop a hypothesis that explains what happened when you placed the burning splint in the smoke. Hint: What are the three ingredients you need for a fire? What is the fuel in a burning candle? What state of matter is the fuel?Develop a hypothesis that explains what happened when you placed the wire mesh over the flame. Hint: what happened to the temperature of the copper wire? What happened to the fuel for the burning candle?List at least 7 questions that you have as a result of doing this lab. These should be related to the lab and observations you made that perhaps you don’t fully understand. CONCLUSION STATEMENT: Write a 1 paragraph conclusion statement that should include the following: a statement about the purpose of the lab; a statement about what you can conclude from the lab; if the results of the lab were valid, explain why, based on your data. If the results were not valid, explain why the data shows that the results were incorrect and explain what you could have done better. Include three specific sources of error and discuss how they affected your results, what you could do to avoid a similar error in the future. ................
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