5_the_english_speaking_countries_studying_foreign_language
____________________________________1_london_______________________
*1*
Arrangement:
- the capital of the UK and England, the seat of the Monarch, the Supreme Court, the Government, the Parliament
- lies on the river Thames
- 7,000,000 inhabitants in the city, about 12,000,000 million in its conurbation
- consists of the City of London and and 32 boroughs
- an area of 1,580 km2
- the Prime Meridian runs across Greenwich (in the east of London)
- industry: London was an important port => a lot of products (wood, furniture, chemicals, food - beer, sugar, diamonds) exported; clothing, printing; from the 60s => big plants moved to the outskirts; new plants (paper-making, oil refineries, car industries); 25% of the financial transactions take place in London (NY 18%, Tokio 10%); the London Stock Exchange is the biggest in the world; postal services, gold, silver and platinum trade, art trade; a great importance of tourism; more than 50% of sea and air transport is centred in London
- transport: The Port of London declines (now developing into "The Metropolitan Water City" - shops, railway, London City Airport); some docks for oil reloading; riverbuses (on the Thames between Chelsea and Docklands and City Airport); 5 airports (Heathrow - the largest, Gatwick); railway - controlled by computers, rail connection to all parts of the island from 15 stations (Victoria, Liverpool Street Stations); underground = the tube - 273 stations, 420 km long; buses: the busiest place for bus traffic - Trafalgar Square (recently double-deckers, nowadays quick single deck Red Arrow Buses and Green Line buses); long distance buses = coaches (Victoria Coach Station)
- parts of London: (a) The City of London (headed by the Lord Mayor, the "square mile"): Central London - the most famous sights; the City - a financial district; the East End - immigrants, ethnic groups; the West End - Trafalgar Square, theatres, shops, restaurants; (b) Westminster - Buckingham Palace, the Government, the Parliament; (c) Southwark; other parts: Kensington, Knightsbridge, Chelsea
- places of interest: (1) The City of London: The Tower of London (built by William the Conqueror, till the 16th c. a royal home; nowadays a museum (the Crown Jewels (the Jewel House)); the prison (famous prisoners - Walter Raleigh, Guy Fawkes, Rudolph Hess); the White Tower (an arsenal of weapons); the execution block (Ann Boleyn, Catherine Howard, Thomas More beheaded); the Tower guarded by the Yeomen Warders (well-known Beefeaters); six ravens to protect the UK kept there); Tower Bridge (is raised in the middle in 90 seconds to allow ships to pass); St. Katherine´s Dock; St. Paul´s Cathedral (1711; the Baroque style; the largest church in the world after St. Peter´s in Rome; the Whispering Gallery; Sir Winston Churchill´s funeral, the wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana in 1981; graves of Admiral Nelson, Sir Wren); the Monument (commemorates the place in Pudding Lane where the Great Fire started; 311 steps, 60 metre high); Lloyds; the Bank of England; the Stock Exchange; (2) The City of Westminster: The Houses of Parliament (1547 - the Seat of Parliament => Great Britain is the oldest democracy in the world; the House of Lords - a gothic hall decorated in red, the Woolsack (the seat of the Lord Chancellor) in the front ; the House of Commons - green benches, presided over by the Speaker; Big Ben (the name of the bell; the strike of Big Ben used by BBC as a time signal); Parliament Square (a lawn with statues of renowned statesmen - Churchill, Lincoln, Benjamin Disraeli); Westminster Abbey (the most important church in the country; from the 11th c. (founded by Edward the Confessor); the Coronation Chair; almost all coronations since William the Conqueror have been held here; graves of Mary Stuart, Elizabeth I., Charles II., Henry VII., Edward the Confessor; the Poet´s Corner (tombstones and monuments of John Milton, Walter Scott, Byron, Wordsworth, Shakespeare, several even buried here - Chaucer, Robert Browning)); Whitehall (Government offices); 10th Downing Street (the home of the Prime Minister); Buckingham Palace (1703; outside - the Changing of the Guard (they have red coats and black helmets of bear skin); the north wing - the Royal Family (the Royal Standard is flown when the Queen is in residence)); the Queen Victoria Monument; the Mall (expensive shops); Trafalgar Square (political demonstrations; Nelson´s Column (about 50 m high with 5-metre tall statue of Horatio Nelson at the top; two fountains, pigeons); the National Gallery (one side of Trafalgar Square; Vinci, Tizian, Rembrandt, van Gogh, Monet, Manet, Dégas, Renoir, Turner, Goya)=> near to it the National Portrait Gallery; Piccadilly Circus (the busiest and noisiest place in London, an entertainment centre; the Statue of Eros); the Millenium Dome; the London Eye (a rollercoaster)
- shopping: Oxford Street (the best-known - John Lewis, Selfridges, Marks&Spencer); Regent Street (Hamley´s - toys, Liberty´s - fine fabrics); Bond Street (Sotheby´s - the famous auction house, jewellery shops, antiques); Piccadilly (sportswear, menswear); Knightsbridge - the home of Harrod´s; Tobacco Dock (a vast complex of shops set into warehouse); Soho (metropolitan place); Chelsea (young fashion)
- sports: Wembley (football), Wimbledon (Wimbledon Tennis Championships), Ascot (horse-racing)
- schools: London University (the first to confer academic degrees on women - 1878), the Royal College of Art, the Royal Naval College, City University, Brunel University
- parks: London - famous for its parks and greenery (all major parks were once royal gardens): St. James´ Park; Hyde Park (with the Serpentine Lake (swimming, boating) and Rotten Row (horse-riding), the Marble Arch (former an execution place), the Speaker´s Corner (everybody can say whatever she wants, but mustn´t touch the royal family)); Kensington Gardens (the Albert Memorial - built by Victoria in memory of her husband Albert); Kensington Palace (a home for the royal family); the Albert Hall (a round concert hall); Regent´s Park (gardens, lakes, a zoo (1826; about 6000 species including a Panda bear))
- journalism - connected with Fleet Street, but nowadays most magazines have moved to the Docklands
- music: 6 orchestras; halls: The Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall, the Purcell Room, the Royal Albert Hall, Wembley Arena
- opera & ballet: the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden (the home of the Royal Opera and the Royal Ballet), the London Coliseum (the home of the English National Opera), the Sadler´s Wells Theatre
- theatre: Mostly in the West End, the area around Leicester Square; the oldest - the Old Vic, Aldwich; the National Theatre (a complex of 3 theatres); the Barbican Centre (the largest centre for arts and conferences in Europe, the Barbican Hall (the home of the London Symphony Orchestra); the Barbical Theatre; studio the Pit); cinemas: the South Bank Culture Centre has the National Film Theatre and the Museum of Moving Image
- museums and galleries: usually free of charge; the British Museum (including the British Library - the Magna Charta, manuscripts of Charles Dickens, Alexander Fleming, da Vinci), mummies...; S Kensington: the National History Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Science Museum; London Dungeon (a horror museum); Madama Tussaud´s (wax figurines - Jack the Ripper, Margaret Thatcher, Gandhi, Churchill, the Beatles, Elizabeth I., Martina Navrátilová); the Sherlock Holmes Museum
- environs: Greenwich; the Cutty Sark (a Victorian sailing clipper that carried tea from China); the Old Royal Observatory; the National Maritime Museum (former hospital for sailors), the Royal Naval College; the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew (18th c.); Hampton Court Palace; Windsor Castle (originally from11th c., but burned down; the largest inhabited castle in the world); Eton College (1440; famous students: William Pitt, P. B. Shelley...)
- the history of London:
- about 800 BC - the Celts settled here (old Celtic word "Llyndum - a walled place situated high")
- 43 - Roman Londonium established
- 12th c. - during the reign of the Norman kings (1st one - William the Conqueror) - the royal court moved here from Winchester, for ever
- growth, economic rise
- 1565 - the Royal Exchange in service
- 1665 - more than 75,000 people died from a plaque
- 1666 - the Great Fire of London destroyed 4/5 of the city (nobody died)=> formerly wooden town rebuilt with stone houses (mostly by Christopher Wren - about 50 churches, St. Paul´s Cathedral)
- 17th c. - Lloyd´s Insurance Company established
- 1694 - the Bank of England
- 1773 - the Londonpostal services Stock Exchange
- 1837 - 1901 - Victorian Age - the Houses of Parliament, the Crystal Palace, the Covent Garden Opera House; Victorian style of red brick=>belt of suburbs
- from 1836 - railway network
- from 1863 - underground network
- 1982 - the rescue and new development of the Docklands (East) - criticized
______2_Great_Britain_geography_places_of_interest_selected_history____
*1*
Arrangement:
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
- the four countries: England (London), Scotland (Edinburgh), Wales (Cardiff), Northern Ireland (Belfast)
- total area: 244872 sq km
- population: 60,4 mil
- capital: London (7000000 inhabitants)
- 17% people below the poverty line
- life expectancy - men 76, women 81
- unemployment about 4,8%
- currency: Pound sterling = 100 pence
- languages: English, Welsh, Gaelic
- the highest point: Ben Nevis (1343 m)
- the lowest point: Fens of East Anglia (-4 m)
- about 800 islands
- geography: The prime meridian of 0° passes through the old observatory in Greenwich; no point in the country is more than 121 km from the sea; islands: the Isle of Wight (S of England), the Isles of Scilly (the extreme SW), the Isle of Man (in the Irish Sea), Anglesey (N Wales), the Channel Islands, Western Scotland: The Hebrides, the Orkneys, the Shetlands; The highland area: Scotland (Ben Nevis), Wales (Snowdon), the Pennines, the Lake District; the lowland area: midland, S and E England ("the garden of England"); rivers: the Severn and the Thames in England, the Clyde in Scotland; the climate: Temperate, determined by the Eastern Atlantic and the Gulf Stream, rain is fairly common throughout the year; woodlands occupy about 8% of the surface, most of Britain is agricultural land
- Protestant Church of England
- flag: ="Union Jack", England and Wales (the red cross of St George), Scotland (the diagonal white cross of St Andrew) and NI (the diagonal red cross of St Patrick). In its present form first appeared in 1801.
- other places of interest: Stratford-upon-Avon (the birthplace of William Shakespeare - his house was pulled down, there is the old grammar school he attended and the Holy Trinity Church); Kenilworth (a Norman castle); Warwick (castle from the 10th century, the home of the Earl of Warwick; Oxford (1st university); Cambridge (2nd university); Canterbury (the seat of the Archbishop, the 1st convent in England established here); York (the residence of the Archbishop of the Church of England, a superb Gothic cathedral called York Minster); Folkestone; Winchester; Hastings; Cornwall (situated on the Land´s End (SW, beautiful landscape); Stonehenge (8 miles North of Salisbury, from about 2,800 BC, two circles, two horseshoes and the Alter stone); Coventry (cars and bicycles); Liverpool (the Beatles, Steeplechase, football); the Lake District (Windemere, Grassmere glacier lakes, lake poets: William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge); Hadrian´s Wall (from between 122 and 126 AD); Edinburgh (annual Festival of Music and Drama, university); Loch Ness (a Loch Ness monster); Loch Lomond
- economy: A member of the G-7 countries; a well-developed agricultural system (wheat, barley, oats, hay, potatoes, sugar bets (flax in the NI) => cattle, poultry, sheep, pigs, horse breeding)=> the products feed 3/4 of English inhabitants; raw materials: Coal, iron, tin, zinc, lead, in the sea: Oil, natural gas; Export: machines (Rols Royce), chemicals, means of transport, Scotch Whiskey; import: foodstuff, machinery; services are growing; Manchester - textile, machinery
-history:
the 1st c. BC - the Britons (Celts by race, warriors, had druids)
43 - the Roman invasion began (druids massacre)=> Hadrian´s Wall and the Wall of Anthonius built
the 5th c. - invasions from Germany (Angles, Saxons)
597 - St. Augustine landed in Kent
800 - England split up into seven kingdoms
489-901 - King Alfred the Great protects England from the Danish and the Norsemen => feudalism arose
991 - Danegeld imposed (money for the Danes to go away)
1016 - the Danish King Canute ruled England (prosperity)
1042-1066 - the Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor
1066 - William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy against English King Harold
1087 - 1100 - William II.
1100 - 1135 - Henry I.
1154 - 1189 - Henry II. (1st Plantagenet)
1167 - Oxford University
1189 - 1199 - Richard I. the Lion-Heart
1199 - 1216 - John I. Lackland - 1215 - the Magna Charta (or the Great Charter)
1272 - 1307 - Edward I. - Parliament formed
1377 - 1399 - Richard II. - roots of the struggle between York and Lancaster
1338 - 1453 - the Hundred Year´s War (wool export to Flanders; John of Luxemburg, Joan of Arc)
1348 - the Black Death
1381 - the Peasants´ Revolt (Wat Tyler)
15th c. - the Wars of the Roses - nearly 85 years, 1485 => the Battle of Bosworth => Richard III. killed, Henry Tudor became King Henry VII. (Tudors till 1603)
1509 - 1547 - Henry VIII. - the Anglican Church founded, had 6 wives, daughter Elisabeth I.
1536 - the Act of Union - merge of Wales
1558 - 1603 - Elizabethan Age (culture - Shakespeare, trade)
1588 - the defeat of the Spanish Armada
1600 - the East India Company formed
1603 - 1625 - James I. (a Stuart) - GB united
1625 - 1649 - Charles I. - struggled with Parliament
1649-1660 - the English Revolution
1653 - 1658 - Oliver Cromwell as the Lord Protector
1685 - 1688 - James II. - a great favour to Catholics
1688 - the Glorious Revolution (William III. and Mary II. king and queen)
1689 - power into the hands of the Parliament
1707 - Scotland joined
1702 - 1713 - the War of the Spanish Succession (Gibraltar)
1714 - 1727 - George I.
1715, 1745 - pro-Stuart uprisings in Scotland
1756 - 1763 - the Seven Years´ War => 1763 - the Treaty of Paris - GB got Canada, Florida, some islands and African settlements
1721 - 1742 - 1st Prime Minister - Sir Robert Walpole (two parties - the Tories and the Whigs)
1760 - 1820 - George III.
1776 - 1789 - the American War of Independence
1801 - NI joined
1803 - 1815 - the Napoleonic Wars (1805 - the French defeated by Admiral Nelson at Trafalgar; 1815 - the French defeated by Welington and the Prussian general Blücher at the Battle of Waterloo)
19th c. - the Luddites (Ned Ludd) - they destroyed machines
1846 - 1855 - the Chartist Movement (voting by ballot...)
1854 - 1856 - the Crimean War (fear of Russia)
1837-1901 - Queen Victoria
1914 - 1918 - WW I. (the immediate cause - the assasination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand; a League of nations founded
1939 - 1945 - WW II.
1945 - the Postdam Conference
1952 - Queen Elizabeth II. crowned
1973 - a member of the European Economic Community
1979 - Margaret Thatcher the Prime Minister
1982 - the War over the Falkland Islands with Argentina
1997 - Tony Blair the Prime Minister
*2*
Vocabulary:
a League of nations - Společnost národů
birthplace - rodiště
counteroffensive - protiofenzíva
druid - druid
El Alamein - Al Alamejn
flax (fleks) - len
the assasination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand - zavraždění Franze Ferdinanda
the Black Death - Černá smrt
the Crimean War - Krymská válka
the Glorious Revolution - Slavná revoluce
the Napoleonic Wars - Napoleonské války
the Peasants´ Revolt - povstání Wata Tylera
the Postdam Conference - Postupimská konference
the Seven Years´ War - Sedmiletá válka
the Sudetenland - sudety
the USSR - SSSR
the War of the Spanish Succession - Válka o španělské dědictví
the Wars of the Roses - Válka dvou růží
to massacre sbd - zmasakrovat koho
____________________03_the_usa_geography_places_of_interest_selected_history___________________
*1*
Arrangement:
- the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canda and China)
- borders on Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, Canada, the Pacific Ocean
- has two distant parts: Alaska and the Hawaiian Island (SW of California)
- founded on 4th July 1776
- total area: 9631418 sq km
- population: 295,7 mil
- ethnic groups:
white (81,7%)
black (12,9%)
Asian (4,2%)
Amerindian&Alaska natives (1%)
Hawaiian&Pacific islanders (0,2%)
Hispanic group - numerous, but not an official ethnic group
- currency: US dollar = 100 cents ( 1 cent=penny; 5 cents=nickel; 10 cents=dime; 25 cents=quarter; 50 cents=a half dollar=a fifty-cent piece; 1 dollar=a buck
- capital: Washington (district of Columbia)
- consists of 50 semi-autonomous states
- administer 14 territories
- the highest point: Mount McKinley (Alaska; 6194 m)
- the lowest point: Death Valley (California; -86 m)
- a lot of national parks: Everglades National Park (beautiful swamps); Yellowstone NP (in the Rocky Mountains, est. 1872, the largest and oldest NP in the USA, about 3,000 geysers and hot springs; impressive valleys of the Yellowstone river); Yosemite Valley NP (in the Sierra Nevada; the highest waterfall in the USA - 739 meters, giant sequoias)
- Pacific Basin - disasters
- geography: The surface - the Appalachian Highlands, the Appalachian Plateau, the Mississippi Basin (the Interior Plains), the Cordilleras (the Rocky Mountains, the Great Basin (full of ranges and valleey - Death Valley), the Colorado Plateau (with the Grand Canyon); the Cascade Range; Sierra Nevadas (Mt. Whitney - the highest peak of the continental USA - 4,418 m); the Coast Range; the Great Californian Valley); rivers - the Mississippi (the 3rd longest in the world - 6,212 m long); the Missouri; the Hudson (connected with the Great Lakes); the Colorado; the Columbia, the Rio Grande; the Yukon (Alaska); the Great Lakes - L. Michigan, L. Huron, L. Erie, L. Ontario, L. Superior => together more than 250,000 km2; the Niagara river (part of St. Lawrence river) - connects L. Erie and L. Ontario and forms famous Niagara Falls (51 m high); the climate - varied (temperate prevails), differences between the climate on the Pacific and on the Atlantic coasts
- flag: 13 alternate red and white horizontal stripes as a symbol of original 13 colonies, 50 white stars in a blue area, nicknames: Stars and stripes; Old glory; In service since 1959 (last two stars - Alaska and Hawaii - added)
- economy: The biggest in the world; 30% of the world´s indutrial and nearly 20% agricultural production; a member of the G-7 and the NAFTA; raw materials (molybdenum, natural petrol, kaolin, natural phosphates, salt, natural gas, sulphur, coal, oil; arable land covers 20,7% of the whole land, only 2,4% of the population work on about 2 million farms, export=> corn, soya; export: Chemicals, lorries, cars (exports 42% of cars), aeroplanes, computers, machinery, paper, oil, consumer goods; the main trading partners: Canada, Japan
- other places of interest: Boston (= "the Cradle of Liberty", an old town); Cambridge (the seat of Harvard University); Plymouth (the place where the Pilgrim Fathers settled in 1620); Princeton (Princeton University where Einstein gave hic lectures); Philadelphia (the place where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed); St. Augustine (the 1st European settlement in North America); Miami (recreation center); NASA - Kennedy Space Center´s Spaceport at Cape Canaveral; New Orleans (the cradle of jazz, the flood in 2005); Dallas (Kennedy´s death); Houston (NASA); Chicago (gangsters); Detroit (car manufacturing - headquarters of Ford, Chrysler, General Motors); Pittsburgh; Niagara Falls (the American Falls - 51 m high; Horseshoe Falls in Canada - 49 m high); Mt. Rushmore (Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt); Las Vegas (1850s - occupied by Mormons; rodeo festivals, gambling); Los Angeles (Hollywood); San Francisco (the historical center of the Gold Rush); the Grand Canyon (the Colorado river, up to 1,7 km deep); Metero Crater; Monument Valley in Arizona (red stone spires and chimneys); Disneyland in LA
- new plant from the USA to Europe => corn, beans, potatoes, tobacco
-history:
35,000 ago - native tribes from Asia come to America at the site of the Bering Strait
1492 - America discovered by Christopher Columbus
1607 - built Jamestown in the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia
1620 - Massachusets Bay colony established (a basis of New England)
the 2nd half of the 17th c. - a triangular trade system
1651... - the Navigation Acts - some goods can be sold only to England
1675 - the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts => established fixed and high taxes on both exported and imported goods
16th DEC 1773 - the Boston Tea Party (10,000 pounds worth tea dumped into the sea)=> the War for Independence started - the redcoats (the British - more numerous, but worse in tactics) vs. the patriots (American militiamen - led from JUL 1775 by George Washington) => battles of NY and Saratoga
4th JUL 1776 - the Declaration of Independence
19th OCT 1781 - the British surrender at Yorktown
1783 - the US defeat the British, the Treaty of Paris
1788 - the new constitution (the bill of righs added in 1791)
1789 - the first constitution proclaimed
1812 - the War of 1812 - between the US and Britain (it harmed USA´s trade)=> between the USA and Canada => a disaster, 1814 - the Treaty of Ghent (the pre-war status quo)
1820 - the Missouri Compromise => a line separating the North and the South was drawn
1823 - the Monroe Doctrine announced (the USA won´t touch Europe affairs and Europe won´t touch America)
=> two major parties: the Whigs (a strong government), the Democrats (individual states)
the 1st half of the 19th c. - the Republican Party formed (concentrated abolicionists)
1861 - The Confederate States of America (the South) established
1861-65 - the Civil war => Lee vs. Grant, the North won
1866 - 1877 - the Reconstruction
1867 - Alaska purchased from Russia
1898 - the US defeat the Spanish in the war over Cuba, become an empire
1901-1909 - Theodore Roosevelt´s presidency
2nd APR 1917 - the USA enter WW I. (during Woodrow Wilson´s presidency => his well-known Fourteen Points)
1919 - the 18th Amendment prohibited alcoholic beverages (Prohibition)
1924 - the Dawes Plan
24th OCT 1929 - Black Thursday - the stock market crash in NY => Franklin Delano Roosevelt´s presidency => the First New Deal (public benefits and buildings), then the Second New Deal (allowed workers to unionize, the Social Security Act)
1941 - the Lend and Lease Act
7th DEC 1941 - the Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
1944 - the USA took a part in operation OVERLORD
6th and 9th AUG 1945 - two atomic bombs thrown on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1945 - the United Nations Organization
1955 - the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (the NATO) founded, the Marshall Plan
1950-1953 - the Korean War
1962 - the Cuban missile crisis
22th NOV 1963 - Kennedy assassinated
1964-1973 - the Vietnam War (seen as purposeless)
1974 - the Watergate scandal
NOV 1979 - 52 Americans taken as hostages in Teheran=> the 444 days long Iranian hostage crisis
1980 - Ronald Reagan´s presidency (he cut down taxes, the Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars); 1986 - Iran-contra scandal (secret aid from the America to Nicaragua); a lot of meetings between Reagan and Gorbachev
1988 - George Bush´s presidency (the crisis in the Persian Gulf - operation Desert Storm)
1992 - Bill Clinton´s presidency (the youngest American president since Kennedy)
2000 - George Bush Jr´s presidency
2003 - the USA invade Iraq
*2*
Vocabulary:
crater (krejtr) - kráter
dime - pětka (desetipence)
geyser - gejzír
Krushchev - Chruščov
nickel - buro
sequoia - sekvoj
slaveholder - otrokář
the Central Powers - ústřední mocnosti
the Cold War - studená válka
the Cuban missile crisis - Karibská krize
the Marshall Plan - Marshallův plán
the Persian Gulf - Perský záliv
________________________04_new_york_washington________________
*1*
Arrangement:
1) New York
- the largest city in the USA, an industrial port, lies at the mouth of the Hudson and East Rivers, 780 km2, about 18 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area, racial mix: 43% white, 25% black, 24% Hispanic; 5 boroughs (Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, the Bronx, Staten Island (Richmond))
- 1524 - Giovanni da Verrazano entered New York Bay (the Verrazano Narrows Bridge connecting Brooklyn and Staten Island)
- 1609 - Henry Hudson sailed up the river
- 1624 - New Amsterdam established, skins and tobacco trade (then flour), Manhattan bought from the Indians for goods worth 24 dlr
- 1664 - NY becomes a possesion of the English - the Duke of York
- 1789 - NY serves as the capital for 2 years
- 1807 - Robert Fulton launched the 1st commercially successful steamboat on the Hudson
- 1889 - the Statue of Liberty installed
- 1929 - the Wall Street Crash
- 1930s - the George Washington Bridge (over the Hudson River), the Chrysler Building, the Empire State Building
- 1976-2001 - the World Trade Center
- transport: By sea - a great port (1818 - the 2nd biggest after Rotterdam), the Erie Canal - opened 1825, connects the Great Lakes and the Atlantic, airports: JF Kennedy International Airport, Newark International Airport, La Guardia Airport; trains: 2 Manhattan stations: Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station; underwater tunnels; subway - the largest urban transportation system in the world; local buses; yellow taxis = cables
- commerce: 1820 - the Stock Exchange started serving, Wall Street = a synonym for the financial world, stock markets: the NY Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange
- a lot of self-sufficient communitions: Chinatown, Little Italy, Harlem (African American Neighborhood), the Jewish Neighborhood, the German Neighborhood, the Latin Quarter (the French), Hispanic Harlem (unlike in London, ethnic groups aren´t dispersed all around the city, but concentrated)
- 1st streets - Broadway, Wall Street; then a grid plan for the development of the town was chosen=> 12 avenues (running North to South) and more than 200 streets (running West to East), Broadway is an exception, mid19 c. - the plan criticized=> Frederic Lan Olmsted designed Central Park
- the Brooklyn Bridge - joins Brooklyn and Manhattan; the George Washington Bridge - the only over the Hudson River
- skyscrapers: the WTC, the Empire State Building, Citibank, Flatiron Building, Woolworth Building
- Liberty Island - the Statue of Liberty (designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, 91,5 m high, the lady holds a torch and the Declaration of Independence); Ellis Island = Isle of tears, isle of hopes - a gateway for immiggrants; Wall Street - many banks (Citibank), formerly a defensive wall; the Federal Hall National Memorial (the site of G. Washington´s inauguration); City Hall (the Mayor´s office); Broadway (= so-called Great Light Lane - because of the lights) - theater ditrict (about 40 theaters - Lamb´s Theater, the Imperial Theater (musicals), Lyric); Park Row - the center of journalism (quite an expensive street); St.Paul´s Chapel (=the oldest church in NY - 1766); Washington Square (intellectuals, avant garde); Union Square - place for demonstrations; Madison Square - the Madison Square Garden (a great complex mostly for sports - the NY Rangers; the Empire Station Building (the largest until 1973, about 381 metres high, it cost 41 mil. dlr instead of estimated 60 mil dlr); the NY Public Library (rarities - a Gutenberg Bible); the Chrysler Building (306 m high, the Art Deco Style, architect Van Alen=> designed one-piece spire (the Vertex); the Grand Central Terminal (the Beaux Arts Style - from France); the United Nations Headquarters (a vast complex, Corbusier contributed); Times Square (a center for performing arts and welcoming the New Year); Rockefeller Center (a complex of 19 buildings, home for General Electric, Radio City Music Hall (Grammy Awards), travel agencies, luxury stores, restaurants, consulates, several theaters...); St. Patrick´s Cathedral (inspired by the Gothic Style); the NY Botanical Garden, the Bronx Zoo; Carnegie Hall (a great concert hall); Lincoln Center (postponed because of West Side Story) - NY State Theater (NYC Opera and NYC Ballet), Metropolitan Opera House; 5th Avenue=> a part called Museum Mile (the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Guggenheim Museum (Chagall, Picasso, Klee...; a wave of protests); Museum of Modern Art (functional objects (cars...), Picasso, van Gogh, Matisse, Warhol), American Museum of Natural History)
- shopping: 5th Avenue (Rockefeller Center and the Grand Central Terminal) - Saks, Lord and Taylor; Broadway; Madison Avenue
- parks: Central Park, Battery Park, East River Park
- sports: 2 stadiums: Yankee, Shea; Flushing Meadows Park on Long Island - tennis championships
- schools: Columbia University (1754), NY University (the largest private one in the USA)
- "the Melting Pot"=> because of its cosmopolitan society: More than 80 languages spoken, a lot of religious denominations: Mostly catholicism, the Jewish community=> the largest outside Israel
- newspapers: the NY Times, the Washington Post, the NY Post, the NY Daily News, tabloids: the New Yorker, Time, Vogue, People; TV stations: ABC, CBS
2) Washington DC (District of Columbia)
- the capital of the USA, situated on the Potomac River, the seat of the federal government
- 180 km2, a population of 623,000 (the metropolitan area about 3,750,000), racial mix 70% black/30% white
- the location chosen by George Washington, DC established by Act of Kongress in 1790 (the city first used in 1800), designed by Pierre L´Enfant (the French architect), helped by Thomas Jefferson, a grid scheme, streets and avenues named by the states of the Union and by symbols (Pennsylvania Avenue, Virginia Avenue, Independence Avenue, Constitution Avenue), 4 quadrants (NW, SW, NE, SE)
- 1910 - the Height Buildings Act - no buildings higher than 15 storeis
- 1976 - the Metrorail began operation
- a white-collar town (only 5% industry manufacturing, people work for the government (about 360,000), about 40% of the city´s land is federally owned, about 150 embassies, the seat of organizations - the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization of American States, the press - the Washington Post, the USA Today, National Geographic, International Wildlife, tourism - the 2nd largest industry)
- transport: Airports: Washington National Airport, Baltimore-Washington International Airport, Dulles International Airport; railroad station = Union Station; Buses - Metrobus; the Metrorail (Red, Blue, Orange, Green, Yellow coloured links); taxis; the best is to go on foot
- the Capitol building (in Capitol Hill, the location chosen by L´Enfant in 1791, houses Congress from 1800 consists of: The Senate Building (N; 100 senators in a semi-circle at dark magagony desk - Democrats - right, Republicans - left), The House of Representatives (S; 435 members in a semi-circle - Democrats - right, Republicans - left, the building topped by the bronze Statue of Freedom;then some other buildings added: The Supreme Court (a white marble building), the Library of Congress (about 90 million items - the largest library in existence), Folger Shakespeare Library (the world´s largest collection of Shakepeare´s works)
- the Mall => the Smithsonian Institution (one of the biggest museum complexes in the world, est. 1846, founded through a bequest to the US from an English scientist named James Smithson, about 100 million objects, the National Zoo, the US Botanical Garden, the red sandstone Castle (a symbol), the National Museum of African Art, the National Air and Space Museum, the National Museum of Natural History, the National Museum of American History, the National Portrait Gallery, the National Gallery of Art, the National Archives (the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, the Bill of Rights)
- the Tidal Basin - Japanese cherry trees (a gift from the Mayor of Tokyo)
- Washington Monument - the white marble obelisk, 8 windows, about 555 ft high
- Jefferson Memorial - inspired by the Pantheon, a bronze statue of Jefferson holding the Declaration of Independence
- Lincoln Memorial - inspired by the Parthenon, a marble statue of a seated Lincoln
- Arlington House - the home of Robert E. Lee
- NW corner of the Constitution Gardens - the Vietnam Veterans Memorial (black granite wall, the names of those 58,000 killed or missing in the Vietnam War)
- Arlington Memorial Bridge=> the Arlington National Cemetery (about 200,000 miitary personnel, W. H. Taft´s and J. F. Kennedy´s graves)
- the Pentagon - the largest single structure building in the world, the headquarters of the Department of Defense, 23,000 employees
- the White House - exterior walls made of sandstone, 1st president who lived here - John Adams, 1st floor - official rooms, 2nd and 3rd floors - the Presidential family, the Eclipse (the garden in front), the Easter Egg Roll
- shopping: Wisconsin Avenue, Connecticut Avenue, Watergate
- parks: the West and East Potomac Parks and Constitution Gardens
- culture: the JFK Center for the Performing Arts (4 theatres - the Opera House, the Concert Hall...), the National Theater, Ford´s Theater (Lincoln killed by the actor J. W. Booth in 1865)
- Georgetown University, the George Washington University
- Mount Vernon (16 miles S of Washington, former house of Washington)
________________5_the_english_speaking_countries_studying_foreign_languages___________
*1*
Arrangement:
***********************(1) Ireland*****************************
-total area: 70280 sq km
-population: 4000000
-capital: Dublin (Baile Átha Cliath; about 500000 inh.)
-national name= "Éire"
-an island in the Atlantic Ocean, separated by the Irish Sea from Britain
-the longest river: Shannon
-mild climate, often rains=>green grass ("Emerald Isle")
-resembles a basin
-consists of 26 counties, parliament (House of Representatives&Senate), the Prime Minister, the president
-official&compulsory language - Irish Gaelic, commonly spoken is English
-famous Ires: G.B.Shaw, J. Joyce, O. Wilde, J. Swift, S. Beckett, Yeats; U2, Sinead O´Connor
-17.3. - St Patrick´s Day (parades, concerts..) => now celebrated not only in Ireland, but worldwide
-history:
-originally Celts
-5th century - St Patrick brought the Christianity=>then it spreaded throughout Europe
-12th c. - invasions of Normans from England=>struggles, emigration to the US
-April 1916 - the Easter Rising - nationalistst proclaimed independence=> suppressed by the British
-1921 an independent Irish State formed (except the six Northern counties)=> struggles between Catholics (led by Sinn Féin) and pro-British Protestants
-1973 - a member of the EU
-1998 - the Good Friday Agreement (peace treaty)
-flag: Green - Irish Catholics, Orange - Irish Protestants (William of Orange), white - peace between them
_________________________________________________________________________________________
the British Commonwealth of nations:
- nowadays an association of 54 countries with their dependencies
- the former British Empire
- great trade power
- types of countries:
*INDEPENDENT: the USA
*DOMINIONS: Canada, New Zealand, Australia
*COLONIES: Gibraltar, The Bermuda Colony
*DEPENDENCIES: Islands (Saint Helena)
- the history:
*17th c. - first colonies
*18th c. - Canada, Australia, Gibraltar, S Africa, but lost America
*19th c. - New Zealand, India (so many local languages that the unification under English is necessary), Africa
*1867 - Canada got a status of Dominion
*beg. 20th c. - Australia, New Zealand got a status of Dominions
*1920´s - liberation movement (Egypt, Iraq), after WWII. - India, Pakistan
*1960´s - a lot of African countries independent
English language
- the English language - a West Germanic language, originated in Britain, first Germanic invaders founded Old English, then it assimilated a lot of French words => Middle English, the 19th c. - Modern English formed
- English - influenced mostly by the Romans and by the French (words such as "bouquet", "beaurocratic")
- mother language in the UK, Ireland, Republic of Malta, on American islands, Australia
- official language: India, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, 18 countries in Africa, 13 countries in Oceania
- mostly used language in science, massmedia, computer language, sport, international conferences, professional literature
- the official language of many world organizations (FAO, IMF, UNESCO, WHO, OPEC, NATO, OECD)
- Čapek´s "robot" - commonly spoken in English
British vs American English
*Vocabulary:
Br - US
caravan - trailer
caretaker - janitor
crops - grains
dustbin - garbage can
holiday - vacation
in the centre of the town - downtown
lift - elevator
lorry - truck
motorway - highway
pavement - sidewalk
petrol - gasoline
petrol station - gas station
policeman - cop
rubber - eraser
school report - report card
single ticket - one-way ticket
to queue - to stand in line
toilet roll - toilet paper
torch - flashlight
washbasin - washbowl
*Pronuncation:
Br - US
body. body - bady
water: votr - vodr
dance: da:ns - dens
*Spelling:
Br - US
colour - color
harbour - harbor
recognise - recognize
centre - center
*Tenses:
The American don´t like using present perfect.
*Usage of prepositions:
Br -US
at the weekend - on the weekend
please write to me soon - please write me soon
*2*
Vocabulary:
fluent/ly - plynulý/e
interpreter - tlumočník
translator – překladatel
____6_education_in_great_britain_the_USA_and_the_czech_republic_______
*1*
Arrangement:
A) Great Britain
- the National Curriculum: three "core" subjects (English, maths, science), collective worship, religious and sex subjects (not compulsory)
- compulsory education from 5 to 16
- state (majority, maintained by Local Education Authorities - LEAs) and independent or private schools
- school year from early SEP to mid July (3 terms - autumn, spring, summer)
- pre-school education - nursery schools, play groups
- independent system => for children 5 - 13, the same schedule as for state schools; state system - for children 5 - 11
- from 5 - 7 - infant schools, 7 -11 - junior schools
- from 11 to 16 => secondary schools, most common=> Comprehensive schools; Grammar schools (focus on languages) they end with GCSEs (General Certificate of Secondary Education) => children can take up to twelve of those exams, results of schools displayed in league tables; some of private secondary schools are single-sex; Secondary Modern Schools (about 6%, more general, they prepare for home economics)
- post-16 education: They can go to work, continue in the six-form colleges (continue after GCSEs) or tertiary colleges (vocational - the General National Vocational Qualifications), study A levels (= GCE, free choice of 5 subjects, a bigger specialization, end at the age of 18) or International Baccalaureate (more subjects); Advanced Supplementary
- post-18 education (above GCE A level standard; exams - mostly interviews) => Further education => career based courses: motor mechanics, computing
=> Higher education - universities, colleges
- well-known public independent schools: Eton College (tailcoat), Winchester College, Rugby, Harrow (London), Westminster (London), St. Paul´s (London) - they bring up future Prime Ministers...
- GB - 89 universities (including the Open University - 1969, for adults) + 70 other HE institutions
- universities:
1) Oxbridge: Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh, Glasgow, St. Andrews, Aberdeen
2) From the 19th c. (redbrick): London, Manchester, Wales
3) From the 20th c. (new): Bristol, Birmingham, Liverpool, Reading, Nottingham, Exeter, Sussex, Kent
B) The USA
- compulsory: 6 - 16
- the system isn´t very united at all (only some federal laws), all schools controlled by a local school board
- the majority - public schools (this means free, unlike in England), mixed schools (only some private and church are single-sex)
- school uniforms only at some private schools
- they receive grades from A (excellent) to F (failure)
- pre-school: Kindergarten, nursery school
- the age of 6 - 12 - grade school (each year from the 2nd grade - children take exams on writing, reading, maths)
- after sixth grade=> middle school or junior high => till the ninth grade
- the age of 15 - 19 - high school (they receive a high school diploma, they graduate), they continue:
1) At a university (they have to pass the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT, the national exam; reading skills, comprehension, basic maths)
2) At a community college (usually 2 years,vocatonal adn semi-profesional education; ends with Associate of Arts degree)
3) At Vo-techs - Vocational-technical schools (a specific job)
- best-known universities (usually private): Harvard (1636, Cambridge), College of William and Harry, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, College of Columbia (all from 17/18th century), an outstanding reputation - the Massachusets Institute of Technology (1861)
C) The Czech republic:
- compulsory attendance from 6 to 15
- nine-year state primary schools (or private schools, church religious schools, special schools)
- school year from 1st SEP to 30th JUN
- secondary schools (secondary grammar schools - 4, 6, 8 years, preparation for university or college education; secondary technical schools - chemistry, glassmaking, agriculture; art schools; business colleges; nursing schools; secondary vocational schools - apprentices)
- university education - from 3 to 6 years, e.g. School of Economics, Faculty of Law, School of Architecture, Faculty of Journalism, Faculty of Medicine, Technical Training College, Teacher´s Training College, Faculty of Science, College of Agriculture; students have to defend a thesis; after 3 years - a Bachelor´s degree, after 4 or 5 years - a Master´s degree, another 5 years - a Doctoral degree; well-known universities: Charles University in Prague, Masaryk University in Brno, Palacký University in Olomouc, Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem
*2*
Vocabulary:
admittance policy - přijímací řízení
after-school activity - mimoškolní aktivita
agricultural school - zemědělka
aid - pomůcka
apprentice - učeň
apprenticeship certificate - výuční list
assembly hall - atrium
assistant - asistent
at a university - na univerzitě
at school - ve škole
attention span - doba pozornosti
Baccalaureate - bakalářská zkouška
blackboard - tabule
board of examiners - zkušební komise
boarding school - internátní škola
brain food - jídlo na myšlení
business academy - obchodní akademie
campus - plac pro studenty
candidate - kandidát
career - kariéra
chairman - předseda
civics - občanská nauka
classmate - spolužák
cloakroom - šatna
coedutional - studium pro obě pohlaví
colleague - kolega
compulsory/obligatory education - povinná školní docházka
conservatoire - konzervatoř
correspondence classes - dálkové studium
créche (kreiš) - jesle
curriculum vitae - životopis
dean - děkan
degree - titul
department - katedra
diploma - diplom
diploma thesis - diplomová práce
dissertation - doktorská práce
doctorate - doktorát
education - vzdělání
eg. chemistry teacher - učitel např. chemie
entrance examination - přijímačky
evening classes - večerní škola
exam on sth - zkouška z čeho
faculty - fakulta
farewell party - rozlučková párty
fee for tuition - školné
graduation ball - maturiťák
graduation ceremony - slavnostní ukončení studia VŠ
groundkeeper/caretaker - školník
gymnasium - tělocvičná hala
hall of residence/dorm - vysokoškolská kolej
in school - ve školních letech
instructor - instruktor
in the field of science - na poli vědy
lecturer - lektor
lenght of studies - délka studií
mark - známka
needlework - šití
nursery school/kindergarten - školka
on-the-job training - zaškolení při práci
optional - volitelný
oral exam - ústní zkouška
parent-teacher meeting - třídní schůzky
Physical Training - tělocvik
primary/elementary education - základní vzdělání
principal - ředitel
promotion - povýšení
qualifications - kvalifikace
rector(CZ)/ president (US)/Vice Chancellor (UK) - rektor
reunion - setkání po letech
secondary grammar school - gym
secondary vocational school - učnák
sex education - sexuální výchova
schedule (šeďjůl) - studijní program
scholarship - stipendium
Scholastic Aptitude Test - test obecných studijních předpokladů
school canteen - školní žrádelna
school of applied art - škola aplikovaného umění
school report, certificate / report card (US) - vysvědčení
School-Leaving Certificate - maturiní vysvědčení
school-leaving exam/graduation exam/maturita - maturita
slide/overhead projector - meotar/digitální projektor
snack - sváča
specialisation - zaměření
sponge - houba
staff - personál, zaměstnanci
staffroom (stááfrům) - sborovna
state examination - státní zkouška na VŠ
student cafeteria - mensa
subject - předmět
substitute for a colleague - supl
teach room - kabinet
teacher´s training college - peďák
technical training college - vysoká technická
tertiary education - vysokoškolské vzdělání
textbook - učebnice
timetable - rozvrh
to attend sth - navštěvovat školu
to be apprenticed to be - být vyučen čím
to be detained - být po škole
to be evaluated by sth - být hodnocen čím
to be free of charge - být zdarma, bez poplatku
to check sth - kontrolovat/opravovat co
to copy from sbd - opisovat od koho
to defend the dissertation - obhájit doktorskou práci
to dissect sth - pitvat co
to do well at school - být dobrý ve škole
to enroll at a univ - zapsat se na univ
to excel in - excelovat v čem
to gratuate from - vystudovat co
to cheat - podvádět
to keep sbd in detention - nechat někoho po škole
to pay attention - dávat pozor
to practice - cvičit v praxi
to promote sbd - povýšit koho
to requalify - přeškolit
to sample - vyzkoušet
to scold sbd for - zprdnout koho za co
to shirk school - ulejvat se ze školy
to stimulate - povzbuzovat
to take exams - skládat zkoušky
uniform - uniforma
workshop - pracovky
year/form/grade (US) – ročník
___________________7_systems_of_government_great_britain_the_USA_______________________
*1*
Arrangement:
(A) Great Britain
- is a monarchy
- the monarch (Queen Elizabeth (*21st APR 1926; 1947 - Married Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh; the Queen since 1952, crowned 1953)) - reigns, but doesn´t rule, the country is in her name governed by the Government, the head of the Commonwealth (thus officially called "Elizabeth II., by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith"); in the Channel Islands and on the Isle of Man there are Liutenant-Governors as her representatives; in other countries of the Commonwealth the Queen is represented by Governor-Generals; she may exercise the power of veto (but she has never used it), she is the head of the Church of England, she opens and closes parliamentary sessions; she advises the Prime Minister (and meets him every week); Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir to the throne (next successors are: Prince William of Wales; Prince Harry of Wales; Andrew, Duke of York; Princess Beatrice of York; Princess Eugenie of York; Prince Edward
- the Parliament at Westminster: (1) The Sovereign (formally summons and dissolves the Parliament, an anual speech from the throne); (2) the House of Lords (= "the upper house") - red seats, about 666 - from 2004 - members; unelected, made up of hereditary and life peers (e.g. Paul McCartney) and peeresses (law lords - the judicial duties; Lords Spiritual (the Archbishops of Canterbury and York and 24 bishops of the Church of England) => law-making process; the head = the Lord Chancellor (also the head of the Judicial) (3) the House of Commons (= "the lower house") - a circle, an oval table; the Government party => on the right (of the Speaker), the Opposition - on the left; green seats; two parts: Government and Opposition MPs; elected by universal adult suffrage; consits of 650 Members of Parliament (MPs; 523 for England, 38 for Wales, 72 for Scotland, 17 for Northern Ireland); the chief = the Speaker (MPs need to catch the Speaker´s eye to be let them speak); law-making process;
- the Government => the Cabinet compound of the most important ministers (= secretaries) - e.g. the Chancellor of the Exchecker (finance)
- a general election - every 5 years (from 18 years, candidates from 21 years)
- best-known parties: the Conservative, Labour, Liberal and Social Democratic parties=> the leading members of future government are chosen by the Prime Minister; the second party forms the Opposition
- the British constitution is not written as a single document, formed by statute, common law, convention; it can be altered by an Act of Parliament
- "devolution" - Scotland its own parliament in Edinburgh; National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff; NA for N Ireland still under discussion
(B) the USA
- the US Constitution serves from 1788
- representational federal republic, 3 branches of power (the Legislative - both Houses of Congress; the Executive - the President and the Executive office); the Judicial (the Supreme Court and all other Federal courts)
- Congress - drafting and passing laws, handling matters of national finance, the defense of the nation (together with the President), regulating commerce, admitting new states) in Washington; the Senate - 100 Senators (2 for each state); 6-year terms (every 2 years one third is renewed), voted by popular vote; the official presiding officer = the Vice President; special duties of the Senate: Approving presidential appointments, trying a President who has been impeached by the House, ratifying treaties
- the House (of Representatives) - 435 Representatives (Congressmen and Congresswomen) per state based on a population; 2-year terms; duties: Originating all bills relating to taxes, impeachment; Republicans x Democrats
- a bill - must be made, discussed by a standing comittee, must pass both in the Senate and in the House of Representatives, the President may exercise the power of veto=> the bill sent back to Congress => Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both chambers
- the President - together with the Vice President - the only elected officials of the Executive branch; maximally two 4-year terms in office; at least 35 years old; must be born in the USA; must have lived in the USA for at least 14 years; the Commander-in-chief of the Army, appoints all ambassadors, ministers, consuls; the President´s personal staff (must be approved by the Senate) - the Oxecutive Office (14 cabinet departments - Dep. of State, Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, Transportation, Housing and Urban Development; Energy, Veteran Affairs; the head of certain department (called the secretary) advises the President on setting national policy), a number of independent agencies (the Central Intelligence Agency = CIA; the National Security Agency = NSA; the National Aeronautics and Space Administration = NASA)
- Electoral College (representatives of each state); each state its own governor (sometimes even constitution), the Federal Government decides mostly on financial and foreign affairs;
- the Judiciary, a three-level hierarchy: Federal district courts (94), US courts of appeal (13) and the US Supreme Court (made up of 8 associate justices and a Chief Justice (solves laws that go against the Constitution)); judges appointed for life by the President and confirmed by the Senate; a capital punishment still serves in some states of the USA
*2*
Vocabulary:
amendment - novela zákona
ballot - volební lístek
ballot box - volební urna
bill - návrh zákona
capital punishment - trest smrti
coalition - koalice
defense - obhájce
election pledge (pledž) - předvolební slib
extremist - extrémista
franchise (frenčajs) - volební právo
jury - porota
justice - spravedlnost
law-making body - orgán pro návrhy zákonů
left/right wing - levice/pravice
mayor - starosta
ministry - ministerstvo
moderate - střed
monarch/y (monárk/y) - monarcha/monarchie
municipal elections - obecní volby
oath - přísaha
political party - politická strana
solicitor/barrister - státní zástupce v UK
the Cabinet - kabinet
the Constitutional Court - ústavní soud
the Chamber of Deputies - poslanecká sněmovna
the electorate - voličstvo
the Senate (senit) - senát
suffrage (safridž) - volební právo
the Supreme Court - nejvyšší soud
the universal, equal, direct and secret right to vote - bla bla právo volit
to abstain from sth - zdržet se čeho
to declare an amnesty - vyhlásit amnestii
to grant a pardon - udělit generální pardon
to override sth - přehlasovat co
to ratify - ratifikovat
town council - městské zastupitelstvo
trial - soudní proces, slyšení
veto - veto
___________________8_canada_feastdays_______________________
*1*
Arrangement:
1) Canada
-the second largest country in the world
-the world´s longest coastline (243000 km)
-total area: 9984670 sq km
-population: 30,300,400 million (majority Europeans, 300000 North American Indians, 19000 Inuit); density: 3 people per sq km
-three quarters of canadians live in large cities
-lang: 70% English, 20% French, 10% billingual (more than 100 lang. spoken in all)
-capital: Ottawa (775000 inh.), other towns: Montréal (French speaking), Calgary, Toronto, Winnipeg, Edmonton, Vancouver, Quebec (French speaking)
-currency: Canadian dlr
-it has 10 provinces (Newfoundland&Labrador, Prince Edward Island, New Brunsvick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchevan, Alberta, British Columbia) and three northern territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories; the newest - Nunavut - April 1999)
-geography: 1) Great lakes: Shared with the US: Huron, Ontario, Erie, Superior; then Great Bear Lake, Great Slave Lake, Lake Winnipeg; 2) Rivers: the St. Lawrence river (3669 m, the longest inner water system), the Winnipeg, the Saskatchevan, the Columbia, the Frazer, the Yukon, the Mackenzie (the longest); 3) Regions: A) the Pacific Coast - moderate climate; B) the Cordillera - Mount Logan (the highest - 6050m), the Rocky Mountains, the coast mountains, deserts, valleys; C) The Prairies - grain, potash, oil, petroleum; D) the Canadian Shield - Hudson Bay, ancient mountains, mineral resources (gold, silver, zinc, uranium); E) the Great Lakes - industry, fruit; F) the Atlantic Provinces - fishing, agriculture; G) the Arctic - hard conditions
-70% of Canada is wilderness
-
-writers: Saul Bellow (born), Ernest Thompson Seton, Stephen Butler Leacock (Literary Lapses)
-a member of the British Commonwealth
-constitutional monarchy, Senate (104 members according to provinces)+the House of Commons (295 members for 5 years), the Cabinet&the Prime Minister (considered advisors of the monarch)
-head - Queen Elizabeth II., her representative in Canada - Governor General (signs laws)
-party system
-education - big state support compulsory from 6/7 to 15/16 years, elected school boards/commissions; there are public/separate/private schools;
-economy: Member of the G7 countries; raw materials etc. (uranium, zinc, sulphur, nickel, aluminium, paper for newspapers, seal furs, timber, wheat, fish), developed agriculture, it is the 8th trading nation, about two thirds of work force work in services, quite low inflation, a member of NAFTA
-1st of July=Canada day, commemorates semi-independence gained in 1867 (celebrated by fireworks, parades, barbecues)
-thanksgiving (also USA)=>roast turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce
-history:
about 1000 - Icelandic Norsement settled on Newfoundland
1497 - John Cabot (Italian) discovered Newfoundland
1763 - the Treaty of Paris - the British have all the French territory east of Mississippi
1774 - the Quebec Act - the US respect French rights
1776 - Loyalists (loyal to the British Crown) came to Canada
since 1867 - not a British colony, but Dominion of Canada by the British North America Act (provinces: Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia)
important role in I.WW
1931 - the Statute of Westminster (Canada´s constitutional autonomy from Britain)
1980-1992 - unsuccessful referendums about Quebec´s autonomy
the first Prime Minister Sir John Alexander McDonald
-flag: From 1964, official Canadian colours, Maple (mejpl) leaf emblem, symbol of maple sap (a source of energy for aboriginal people), Canadian symbol for soldiers during the WWI. and WWII.
2) Feastdays
*1*
Arrangement:
- about some important Czech, US and British feastdays
* 1st JAN - New Year´s Day
*3rd MON in JAN - Martin Luther King´s Day (1929-1968, civil-right campaigner, awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964) /USA
* 14th FEB - St. Valentine´s Day (lover´s day, anonymous valentine´s card, typical symbols: Heart shape, pink, red colour, originally commemorates a Roman priest who helped Christians)
*3rd MON in FEB - The President´s Day (all US presidents are honoured) /USA
*1st MAR - St. David´s Day (the patron saint of Wales) /UK
*17th MAR - St. Patrick´s Day (the patron saint of Ireland) /UK
*1st APR - All Fool´s Day (jokes, tricks on people)
*APR - Easter (Good Friday - Jesus´ crucifixion, Easter Sunday - the Resurrection of Jesus, come from a festival celebrating the spring enoix, symbols: Easter dyed eggs given as a present; in the CR - thrashing with an Easterstick; in the USA - egg hunt - Easter Egg Roll in the front of the White House)
*23rd APR - St. George´s Day (the patron saint of England) /UK
*1st MAY - May Day (political public meetings) /UK
*2nd SUN in MAY - Mother´s Day
*4th MON in MAY - Memorial Day (dead in wars) /USA
*Spring Bank Holiday (Banks and shops are closed, families visit fairs) /UK
*SAT after 9th JUN - The Queen´s Official Birthday (Guards Parade) /UK
*3rd SUN in JUN - Father´s Day
*Summer Bank Holiday /UK
*4th JUL - Independence Day (parades, concerts) /USA
*12th OCT - Columbus Day (the discovery of America)
*31st OCT - Halloween (Celtic roots, commemorates ghosts and the dead; in the USA, in Britain only in the North and in Scotland, in Canada; parties, fancy costumes, children go along streets, saying "Trick or treat" (if they don´t receive sweets , they make a trick - for example soap the windows...; symbols: Pumpkins, ghost costumes...)
*5th NOV - Guy Fawkes Day (the Gunpowder plot - 1605 - Guy Fawkes with other catholics wanted to blow up James I. and the parliament) /UK
*11th NOV - Remembrance Day (WWII. dead) /UK
*11th NOV - Veteran´s Day (war veterans) /USA
*4th THU in NOV - Thanksgiving day (com. the Pilgrim fathers) /USA
*30th NOV - St. Andrew´s Day (the patron saint of Scotland) /UK
*24th - 26th DEC - Christmas
*31st DEC - New Year´s Eve (Londoners - gather at Trafalgar Square, sing Auld Lang Syne (euldlengsajn), celebrate with fireworks...)
- Christmas in
A) the Czech republic
- baby Jesus brings the presents
- a star is put on a top of the tree
B) the United Kingdom
- Father Christmas brings the presents
- 24th = Christmas Eve (children prepare some biscuits and a glass of milk for Santa/Father Xmas, they hang stockings on their beds and await presents)
- 25th = Christmas Day (children unwrap presents, the Christmas dinner is served (usually roast turkey with chessnut stuffing with potatoes, pudding, families visit each other...)
- 26th = Boxing Day (servants such as postmen, newspaper boys, milkmen... receive boxes with presents, nowadays money); public pantomime performances (fairy tales)
- traditional food: Christmas pudding (a mixture of every considerable kind of sweet food - nuts, chocolate, candys...boiled, prepared several weeks ago and kept in a fridge, there can be a coin, a thimble and a ring in it as a symbol of wealth, work adn wedding); mince-pies
- an angel is put on a top of the tree
- they don´t put any fruit, sweets or sparklers on a tree
C) the USA
- Santa Claus brings the presents
- they put chains of popcorn on their trees (a symbol of Pilgrim poverty)
- an angel is put on a top of the tree
- a lot of people, families gather together
- they decorated whole houses
*2*
Vocabulary:
April fool! - Apríl!
artificial tree - umělý stromek
bake sweets - cukroví
bonfire - sváteční oheň
candle - svíčka
carp - kapr
carol - koleda
chain - řetěz
chestnut stuffing - kaštanová nádivka
chimney (čimny) - komín
Christmas - Vánoce
conifer - jehličnan
cranberry sauce - brusinková omáčka
crucifixion - ukřižování
dried fruit - sušené ovoce
Easter - velikonoce
Easter bunny - velikonoční králík
Easterstick - pomlázka
fir tree - borovice
garland (gálend) - girlanda
glassballs - skleněné koule
gold pig - zlaté prase
ivy - břečťan
jack´o´lantern - Halloweenská vyjebaná tykev
lights - světýlka
mass - mše
mince-pies - koláčky s mletým masem
mistletoe - jmelí
nameday - jmeniny, svátek
patron saint of - svatý patron čeho
pudding (padink) - pudink
pumpkin - tykev
reindeer - sob
Ressurection - zmrtvýchvstání
ribbon - mašle
slay/sledge - saně
sparkler - prskavka
spruce tree - smrk
star - hvězda
stocking - punčocha
straw decorations - slaměné ozdoby
suet (su:it) - luj
to celebrate/celebration - oslavovat, oslava
to commemorate - připomínat (koho důležitého)
to feast - slavit, hodovat
to make a toast - připít si
to ring a bell - zazvonit zvonečkem
to thrash with a cane - seřezat proutkem
to wish sbd Happy Birthday - přát komu šťastné narozeniny
turkey - krocan
white sugar icing - posyp moučkovým cukrem
wipping days - pomlázka (u nás)
______________________9_australia_new_zealand_________________________
*1*
Arrangement
-total area: 7686850 sq km
-population: 20000000
-racial mix: About 98% white, 228000 Aborigines
-capital: Canberra
-the smallest continent
-the sixth largest country in the world
-flat with some exceptions (Ayers Rock - best known)
-geography: Three main parts: the Great Western Plateau & the Central-Eastern Lowland & the Australian Cordilleras (East to Tasmania, the Great Dividing Range); 1) the highest mountain - Mount Kosciusco (kasiusso); 2) Deserts: the Gibson d., the Great Sandy d, the Great Victoria d.; 3) Lakes - Lake Eyre; Lake Gairdner, Lake Torrens; 4) Nearby islands - King Island, Flinders Island, Mellville Island, Kangaroo Island, Groote Eylandt; 5) Mountains South) - the New England Range, the Blue Mountains, the Australian Alps (Mt Kosciusco); 6) Rivers (South) - the Murray and the Darling rivers; 7) Surroundings - Torres Strait (85 km, divide between New Guinea), the Gulf of Carpentaria (North), the Great Australian Bight (South), the Great Barrier Reef (the biggest coral reef on the Earth); 8) Nature - kangaroos, koalas, eucalyptus trees, dingos, platypuses, Tasmanian devils); 9) A summer breeze known as "doctor"
-the driest continent, the lowest rainfall rates
-originally a penal colony
-the authority of the British monarch, federal government, governor general (Sir William Hayden), Senate (78), HoRepresentatives (148), Prime Minister, Cabinet, compulsory voting, each state its own: Constitution, governor, ex, leg, jud, legislative assembly; parties: the Liberal P, the National P, the Australian Labor P, the Australian Democrats
-education: Not unified system; Correspondence school&School of the Air (radio, TV), school year - JAN/FEB - DEC; The University of Sydney, the Australian National University
-70% of the population in large cities (Sydney (the Opera House), Melbourne)
-other big cities: Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth, Newcastle, Gold Coast
-about 200 languages spoken (main English)
-6 states and 2 territories (parts)=> New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Northern Territory, Australia Capital Territory
-currency: Australian dlr
-26.1. - Australian Day (comem. 1788)
-end of April - Anzac Day (reminds Australia´s and New Zealand´s soldiers, who died in the WW I and II.)
-Sec Mon in June=> Queen´s Birthday (except W Australia, that celebrates it in late September)
-literature: Thomas Keneally (1982 NP; Schindler´s Ark); Andrew Anton (Banjo) Peterson - typical idioms and rhytms; Patrick White (stories of first settlers: The Aunt´s Story, NP, The Eye of Storm)
-economy: Highly developed, agriculture: Sheep, wool, wheat; mineral deposits: Bauxite (1st in the world), uranium, coal, copper, nicle, gold, iron ore; great export, nuclear energy is prohibited; problems with UV rays=> sheep go blind
-history:
-original inhabitants: Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders (came about 40000 years ago)
-13the c. - Marco Polo believes in the existence of Terra Australis Incognita
-1606 - A. discovered by Europeans (Jansz, Luis Vaez de Torres, Abel Tasman)
-1770 - A. mapped by James Cook=> South Wales a British colony
-1788 - 11 ships brought about 1500 mostly prisoners into Sydney Harbor
-1850 and 1890 - gold rushes (overlanders - cattle chases)
-1868 - an end of the transports
-1901 - the Commonwealth of Australia founded, 6 colonies born
-flag: Royal blue, TL - Union Jack; BL - seven-pointed star (symbol of six parts and the whole territory), the rest (the right side): a picture of the Southern Cross constellation (visible only from the S hemisphere)=>1 small five-pointed and 6 seven-pointed stars
***********************New Zealand*****************************
-total area: 268680 sq km
-population: 4000000
-capital: Wellington
-beautiful scenery (fjords, volcanoes, caves, glacial lakes, sandy beaches...)
-consists of 2 islands:
A) the Northern Island - the majority of inhabitants, mild climate, economic potentials, Wellington, Auckland (the biggest city), the Taupo (the largest lake)
B) the SI: Southern Alps (300 miles long; highest point: Mount Cook - 3754 m), many glaciers
-constitutional monarchy, single-chamber House of Representatives (3-year terms), the Prime Minister, governor general, two major parties: National&Labour
-economy: Agricult: Sheep, cattle=>meat, wool, butter, cheese; good mineral resources
-74% of people of European descent, 13,5% the Maoris
-famous people: Ernest Rutherford, Richard Pearse (1903 - 140 m with his monoplane)
-bird species: albatross, kea, kiwi, tui, weka, kakapo
-6.2. - Waitangi Day
-Anzac day
-history:
-800 - first settlers (from Eastern Polynesia)=> ancestors of the Maoris
-1642 - discovered by Dutch Abel Tasman (mapped by James Cook)
-Southern Island - merged by the British
-1840 - Treaty of Waitangi (signed by the Maoris, NI becomes a British colony)
=>wars between the Maoris and the British=>
1870 - Maoris crushed
1947 - New Zealand formally independent (but still a member of the Commonwealth)
flag: Royal blue, TL: Small Union Jack, 4 five-pointed stars (the Southern Cross constellation - visible only from the S hemisphere)
________________________10_english_literature_my favourite_authors__________
*1*
Arrangement:
1) Old English literature (7 - 11th c.)
- all written in Anglo-Saxon language, connections to Denmark
* The Song of Beowulf (about 700; about 3000 lines; brave life of a pagan hero; King Hrothgar, Grendel, Beowulf, Grendel´s mother, a dragon)
§ Caedmon = a poet, the oldest known author
§ King Alfred the Great (849 - 901) - chronicles
2) Middle English (11 - 15th c.)
§ John Wycliff
§ Geoffrey Chaucer (1340 - 1400) :
* Canterbury Tales (collection of poems, 23 tales, about 17000; one or two tales in prose; frame story; trip from Southwark (London) to the shrine of St. Thomas Becket at Canterbury; an inkeeper sugests narrating stories)
3) the Renaissance (16th c.)
> PROSE
§ Sir Thomas More:
* Utopia (1516)
> POETRY
§ Philip Sidney:
* Arcadia (the first pastoral novel)
§ Edmund Spenser (long, complicated sentences)
§ Sir Thomas Wyatt
§ William Shakespeare: Sonnets
> DRAMA
§ William Shakespeare
§ Christopher Marlowe (one of the founders of blank verse; parts of Henry VI.)
* The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus
* The Jew of Malta
§ Ben Johnson
§ Thomas Kyd
4) the Baroque
§ John Donne (metaphysical poetry)
§ John Milton:
* Paradise Lost
* Paradise Regained
5) the Rise of the Novel (17th c.)
§ John Gay:
* The Beggar´s Opera (play)
§ Daniel Defoe:
* Robinson Crusoe (1719; inspiration in Alexander Selkirk´s story; not a novel - the hero doesn´t develop; symbolizes a rise of burgeosy (buržoazý))
§ Jonathan Swift:
* Gulliver´s Travels (1726; Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Lagado, Houyhnhnms, Yahoos)
§ Henry Fielding:
* The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749; the 1st English novel)
* Joseph Andrews
6) the Romantic period (1760 - 1837)
> POETRY
§ Robert Burns:
* Poems Chiefly in Scottish Dialect (A Red, Red Rose, Auld Lang Syne)
§ William Blake
* The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
* Songs of Innocence
- Lake poets (lived in the Lake District): William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge
§ George Gordon Byron:
* Childe Harold´s Pilgrimage
* Don Juan (the longest English satirical poem)
§ Percy Byshe Shelley:
* Prometheus Unbound
§ John Keats: Best known for his odes
> PROSE
§ Ann Radcliffe: Gothic Novels (the first horror stories)
§ Jane Austen:
* Pride and Prejudice
§ Sir Walter Scott:
* Waverly
* Ivanhoe
* Rob Roy
§ Mary Shelley:
* Frankenstein
7) Victorian Period (1837 - 1901)
§ Charles Dickens (his father sent to a prison for debts; reflection of his life in his books - poor orphans...)
* Oliver Twist
* David Copperfield
* Little Dorrit
* The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club
§ Emily Brontë
* Wuthering Heights (vůdring hajts; Heathcliff (hýtklif); relationships compared to weather changes)
§ Charlotte Brontë:
* Jane Eyre (she is well-educated, becomes a governess, meets a blind man; importance: The first heroine, and a figure od a well-educated woman)
§ William Makepeace Thackeray:
* Vanity Fair
* The Book of Snobs
§ Thomas Hardy (naturalism (nejčuralizm), no happy ends, pesimistic, dark countryside and relationships):
* Jude the Obscure
* Tess of D´Urbervilles
§ Robert Louis Stevenson:
* Treasure Island
* The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (good and evil)
§ Conan Doyle (characters of Sherlock Holmes and Edgar Wallace):
* the Hound of Baskerville)
> POETRY
§ Elizabeth Barret Browning
§ Robert Browning
> DRAMA
§ Oscar Wilde (1856 - 1900)
* The Picture of Dorian Gray (novel)
* The Happy Prince (fairy tale)
* the Importance of Being Earnest
* An Ideal Husband
* Lady Windermere´s Fan
8) British literature (20th century)
§ Thomas Stearns Eliot
* The Waste Land
§ Rudyard Kipling:
* The Jungle Book (Mowgli)
§ John Galsworthy:
* Forsyte Saga
§ Joseph Conrad:
* Lord Jim (plays with language)
§ Herbert George Wells (sci-fi):
* The Time Machine
* The Invisible Man
§ Aldous Huxley:
* Point Counter Point
* Brave New World (future of mankind)
§ Robert Graves
§ George Bernard Shaw:
* Saint Joan
* Mrs. Warren´s Profession
* Pygmalion (Elise, cockney)
§ David Hebert Lawrence (working class´s author; sex themes):
* Lady Chatterley´s Lover (lady + gardener)
§ Graham Greene (catholic, detective stories):
* Our Man in Havana (entertainment)
* the Power and the Glory (novel)
§ George Orwell:
* 1984
* Animal Farm
> STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
§ Virginia Woolf:
* To the Lighthouse
* Orlando
* Flush
§ James Joyce:
* Ulysses
> ANGRY YOUNG MEN (criticism, campus novel)
§ John Wain:
* Hurry on Down
* Winter in the Hills (1970)
* Pardoner´s tale (1978)
§ Iris Murdoch
§ Doris Lessing
§ John Braine:
* Room at the Top
§ Kingsley Amis:
* Lucky Jim
* Jake´s Thing (1978)
> ABSURD DRAMA
§ John Osborne:
* Look Back in Anger
§ Samuel Beckett:
* Waiting for Godot
9) Contemporary British novel
§ C. P. Snow
* Strangers and Brothers
§ William Golding:
* The Pyramid
* Lord of the Flies (1954)
§ John Fowles:
* The French Liutenant´s Woman (a love affair)
> CAMPUS NOVEL
§ David Lodge:
* the British Museum is Falling Down
* Changing Places
§ Malcolm Bradbury:
* Eating People is Wrong
§ Martin Amis
§ Salman Rushdie:
* The Satanic Verses
> WOMEN
§ Muriel Spark
§ Margaret Drabble
§ Beryl Bainbridge
Nobel Prizes: R. Kipling (1907), W. B. Yeats (1923), G. B. Shaw (1925), J. Galsworthy (1932), T. S. Elliot (1948), B. Russell (1950), W. L. Churchill (1953), S. Beckett (1969), E. Canetti (1981), W. Golding (1983)
*2*
Vocabulary:
shrine - hrob světce
inkeeper - hostinský
novel - román, kdy hrdina/ka prochází vývojem
________________________11_american_literature_my favourite_authors__________
*1*
Arrangement:
1) Puritan literature
- mostly documents
§ Thomas Jefferson:
* Declaration of Independence
§ Benjamin Franklin
§ Thomas Paine:
* Common Sense
2) 19th century
> PROSE
§ Harriet Beecher-Stove (she):
* Uncle Tom´s Cabin (slavery)
§ James Fenimore Cooper (the Leather-Stocking Tales):
* the Last of the Mohicans
* The Prairie
* The Pioneers
> TRANSCENDETALISTS
§ Ralph Waldo Emerson
§ Henry David Thoreau:
* Walden; or Life in the Woods
§ Nathaniel Hawthorne (social criticism)
> SYMBOLISM
§ Herman Melville:
* Moby Dick (= The Whale; captain Ahab (ejhab))
> HUMOR - the Gilded Age:
§ Mark Twain (= Samuel Langhorne Clemens; life on the river; "only innocent, unspoiled children are to be appreciated):
* Huckleberry Finn
* Tom Sawyer
* The Prince and the Pauper (tale)
* A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur´s Court (humorous book)
> PSYCHOLOGICAL NOVEL
§ Henry James
§ Daisy Miller
> POETRY
§ Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 49; journalist; inventor of detective stories (with Mr. Duppin) and his tales of terror)
* The Raven (Nevermore)
* The Pit and the Pendulum
* the Gold Bug
* The Murders in the Rue Morgue
§ Walt Whitman (patriotism)
* Leaves of Grass (rhe Preface to it=> message to American literature)
§ Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (Indians and religion):
* The Song of Hiawatha
§ Emily Dickinson
2) 20th century
> REALISM + NATURALISM
- muckrakers (deep social criticism): Frank Norris, Stephen Crane
§ Jack London (the struggle for survival):
* the Call of the Wild
* the White Fang
* Martin Eden (autobiographical)
§ Upton Sinclair:
* The Jungle (slaughter houses)
§ Theodore Dreiser:
* An American Tragedy
* Sister Carrie
> NOVEL AFTER WWI
- lost generation (war affected them => they needed adrenaline - visited bullfights, drank a lot, hunted in Africa)
§ Gertrude Stein
§ Ernest Hemingway (commited suicide; short style - short descriptions, little adjectives; thoery of the ice-berg (author knows a lot about the setting, but the knowledge is behinded):
* The Sun Also Rises (= Fiesta; description of the feeling of lost generation; story of friends going to visit bullfights)
* A Farewell to Arms
* For Whom the Bell Tolls (Robert Jordan, a teacher, the Spanish Civil War)
* The Old Man and the Sea (" a man can be destroyed, but not defeated")
§ Francis Scott Fitzgerald:
* The Side of Paradise
* Tales of the Jazz Age
* Tender is the Night
* the Great Gatsby (about american dream=> poor boy on sec. school - falls in love with a rich girl=> then returns as a rich man, but is killed)
§ John Doss Passoss
§ William Faulkner (problems of the South):
* The Wild Palms
* Absolom, Absolom!
§ Sinclair Lewis (social satire - provincial towns, 1st American Nobel Prize):
* Arrowsmith
§ John Steinbeck (California):
* Of Mice And Men (Lenny, George; soft fluffy things)
* East of Eden
* Grapes of Wrath (horrible situation of workers)
* Travels with Charley in Search of America
> NOVEL AFTER WWII
- unlike Russians - the American wrote about psychology of soldiers
§ Norman Mailer:
* The Naked and the Dead (soldiers)
§ Joseph Heller:
* Catch 22 (satire)
§ Jerome D. Salinger:
* The Catcher in the Rye (the Bible of teenagers)
§ Saul Bellow
§ John Updike:
* Rabbit Run
§ Irwin Shaw
§ Alex Haley
* Roots (Kunta Kinte)
§ William Styron:
* Lie Down in Darkness
* Sophie´s Choice (Stingo, Sophie, Nathan)
§ Truman Capote
* In Cold Blood
§ John Irving:
* The World According to Garp
> BEAT GENERATION
§ Jack Kerouac:
* On the Road (stream of consciousness)
§ William S. Burroughs:
* Junkie
§ Allen Ginsberg:
* Howl and Other Poems
§ Lawrence Ferlinghetti
> POETRY
§ Robert Frost
§ William Carlos Williams
§ Robinson Jeffers
> DRAMA
§ Eugene O´Neill:
* Mourning Becomes Electra
* Desire Under the Elms
§ William Saroyan:
* Papa, You´re Crazy
§ Tenessee Williams
* Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
* A Streetcar Named Desire
§ Arthur Miller:
* Death of a Salesman
§ Edward Albee (absurd drama):
* Who´s Afraid of Virginia Woolf
* The American Dream
> SCI-FI
§ Ray Bradbury
* Fahrenheit 451
§ J. R. R. Tolkien:
* Hobbit
Nobel Prizes: S. Lewis (1930), E. O´Neill (1936), Pearl S. Buck (1938), W. Faulkner (1949), E. Hemingway (1954), J. Steinbeck (1962), S. Bellow (1976), Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978), C. Milosz (1980)
*2*
Vocabulary:
pauper - chuďas
muckrakers - kydači hnoje
12_the_czech_republic_geography_places_of_interest_system_of_government________
*1*
Arrangement:
- area of 78864 km2
- population about 10,295,000
- CR borders on Austria, Slovakia, Germany, Poland
- mineral deposit
- industry
- landmarks, tourists´ atractions (castles, spas, lakes, caves...)
- sources of energy
- some world-known personnel (Kafka, Hrabal, Komenský, Lendl, Navratilová, Hašek (Dominik, Jaroslav), Jágr, Purkyně, Heyrovský, Čapek (ROBOT), Kundera, Čáslavská, Zátopek, Železný, Wichterle, Baťa, Hus, Freud, Havel, Sv. Vojtěch, Jan Nepomucký, Miloš Forman)
- selected history
- system of government (3 branches, president - 5 years; senators - 6 years, deputies & municipal elections - 4 years; ministries: Interior, Foreign Affairs, Defense, Justice, Industry, Commerce, Agriculture, Finance, Transport, Labour and Social Affairs, Education, Culture, Health)
*2*
Vocabulary:
amendment - novela zákona
anthracite (entrasajt) - antracit
ballot - volební lístek
bill - návrh zákona
Bohemia (bohýmija) - Čechy
burnt at a stake (stejk) as a heretic - upálen na hranici jako kacíř
coalition - koalice
Cyril (sirel) - Cyril
election pledge (pledž) - předvolební slib
extremist - extrémista
flowing into - tekoucí do
franchise (frenčajs) - volební právo
Charles University - UK
law-making body - orgán pro návrhy zákonů
left/right wing - levice/pravice
lignite (lignajt) - lignit
mayor - starosta
Methodius (mifoudijus) - Metoděj
ministry - ministerstvo
moderate - střed
Moravia (morejvija) - Morava
municipal elections - obecní volby
national revival - národní obrození
normalization - normalizace
oath - přísaha
Přemysl the Ploughman - Přemysl Oráč
re-catholization - rekatolizace
Salonika (selonika) - Thessaloniky (Soluň)
Sámo´s Empire - Sámova říše
Silesia (sajlísija) - Slezsko
Slavonic tribes - slovanské kmeny
the Baltic Sea - Balt
the Battle of the White Mountain - bitva na Bílé hoře
the Black Sea - Černé moře
the Bohemian-Moravian Highland - ČM vrchovina
the Cabinet - kabinet
the Civic Democratic Party - ODS
the Constitutional Court - ústavní soud
the Czech Forest - Český les
the Czech Kingdom - české království
the Czech lands - České země
the Czech-Moravian Communist Party - KSČM
the Czechoslovak Republic - Československá republika
the Danube - dunaj
the Eagle Mountains - Orlické hory
the Elbe - Labe
the German Occupation - německá okupace
the Giant Mountains - Krkonoše
the Great Moravian Empire - Velkomoravská říše
the Green Party - strana zelených
the Hapsburg dynasty - Habsburkové
the Holy Roman Empire - Svatá říše římská
the Hussite Movement - husitské hnutí
the Chamber of Deputies - poslanecká sněmovna
the Church council in Constance - Kostnický koncil
the Jagiellonian dynasty - Jagellonci
the Liberal Social Union including the Agricultural Party - KDU-ČSL
the Luxembourgs - Lucemburkové
the Moravian Plain - Moravská pánev
the North Sea - Severní moře
the Oder (eudr) - Odra
the Ore Mountains - Krušné hory
the Ostrava Coal Basin - Ostravská uhelná pánev
the Přemyslid dynasty - Přemyslovci
the Roman Catholic Church - Římskokatolická církev
the Senate (senit) - senát
the Social Democratic Party - ČSSD
the Sokolov Basin, the North Bohemia Coal Basin - pánve...
the Soviet Union - SSSR
the splitting of the republic - rozdělení republiky
the Supreme Court - nejvyšší soud
the universal, equal, direct and secret right to vote - bla bla právo volit
to abstain from sth - zdržet se čeho
to declare an amnesty - vyhlásit amnestii
to grant a pardon - udělit generální pardon
to ratify - ratifikovat
town council - městské zastupitelstvo
velvet revolution - sametová revoluce
veto - veto
*3*
Rules:
the Jizerské Mountains
the Morava (river)
Beskydy
Kladno
King Jiří of Poděbrady
the Shetlands
the judicia
_________13_Prague________
*1*
Arrangement:
* basic facts
- the capital of the CR, the seat of the President, government and parliament, the political, economic and cultural centre
- 500 km2, about 1,2 mil inhabitants, it still grows, has 15 administrative districts
- the oldest parts: The New Town, The Old Town, The Lesser Town, Josefov, Hradčany, Vyšehrad
- important junction, Ruzyně Airport, trams, buses, the metro
- industry: Engineering (ČKD Works, Tesla, Motorlet ), confectionery (Orion), chemistry, textile, breweries - Smíchov Staropramen, film industry (Barrandov)
* the history of Prague
- the prophecy of Libuše
- 6th c. - Slavs came to the Prague valley
- 9th c. - Prince Bořivoj founded a castle on a headland above the Vltava valley
- 10th c. - Vyšehrad built
- 1344 - an Archbishopric established
- 1346-78 - the reign of Charles IV.
- 1348 - laid a basis for the New Town, Charles University founded
- 1420 - the battle on Vítkov Hill
- 16/17 c. - the reign of Rudolph II.
- 8th NOV 1620 - the Battle of the White Mountain
- 1621 - 27 representatives of the uprising executed
- 18th c. - the centre of national revival
- from 1918 - the capital of the country
- 8th MAY 1945 - the Prague Uprising
- 9th MAY 1945 - freed by the Russians
- 1968 - the Prague Spring
- 17th NOV 1989 - the Velvet Revolution
* sights, important buildings
- the Prague Castle (three courtyards, over 700 rooms (the late Gothic Vladislav Hall - the election of the President, the Spanish Hall, Rudolph Gallery); St.Vitus Cathedral (founded by Charles IV. - the present cathedral by Matthias of Arras and Petr Parléř, finished in 1929, parts: the Gothic St.Wenceslas Chapel (semi-precious tones), the coronation chamber (coronation jewels - St. Wenceslas Crown, the sceptre, the orb), the Royal Crypt (sarcophaguses of Czech kings and queens); the Convent of St. George (from 993, nowadays a gallery); the Royal Summer Palace Belvedere (Italian Renaissance); the Singing Fountain; the Basilica of St. George (Romanesque architecture); the Schwarzenberg Palace (graffito-decorated, military history collection); the Archibishop´s Palace, the Sternberg Palace (seat of National Gallery); Černín Palace (the seat of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
- hundreds of church spires
- the Strahov Monastery (a museum of Czech literature) =>
- the Petřín Obervation Tower (built in 1891 as a small copy of the Eiffel Tower) =>
- the Golden Lane (Franz Kafka)
- the Lesser Town (poetic quarter - crooked streets, ancient houses and gardens; the Lesser Town Square - St. Nicholas Church (Dientzenhofer) =>
- Charles Bridge (14th c.; 520 m long, 30 sculptures mainly of Baroque origin (Brown, Brokoff) =>
- the Faculty of Arts, place for demonstrations, the State Library
- along Charles Street => the Old Town Square (the Rococo Kinský Palace, the house At The Stone Bell (medieval, tower-like), the Old Town Hall (horologe=astronomical clock with the statues of the 12 Apostles, a skeleton, a cock, a miser); the Týn church (Brahe buried in 1601); the John Huss Monument; the Bethlehem Chapel) =>
- along Paris Street => the Jewish Town (a few synagogues (the Old-New Synagogue) and the cemetery)
- along Celetná street => the Powder Tower, the Municipal House (the Smetana Hall - the Prague Spring Music Festival)
=> along the Na příkopě Street => Wenceslas Square (750 m long boulevard with dep. stores, banks, shops, restaurants...; the upper end - the Neo-Renaissant National Museum; the St. Wenceslas Memorial (bronze statue by J. V. Myslbek)=>
- along Národní Street to the Vltava river => the Neo-Renaissant National Theatre => along the Vltava river => Vyšehrad (mostly ruins; the Rotunda of St. Martin - 11th c.; the Slavín Cemetery; the Žižkov Tower (the highest point); the dancing house)
- the House of Artists (Rudolfinum)
- the St. Agnes Convent (National Gallery)
- Zbraslav Monastery (Přemyslid kings buried)
- Troja (Baroque Chateau, the zoological garden)
*2*
Vocabulary:
apostle - apoštol
Archbishopric - arcibiskupství
AT the Prague Castle - na Pražském hradě
enclosure - oplocený pozemek
fortification - pevnost
Golden Lane - Zlatá ulička
horologe (horolodž) - orloj
Charles Bridge - Karlův most
Charles University - Karlova univerzita
church spire - kostelní věž
national revival - národní obrození
Prague Spring Music Festival - festival Pražské jaro
St Vitus Cathedral - katedrála sv. Víta
the Habsburgs - Hbsburkové
The Lesser Town - Malá strana
The New Town - Nové Město
The Old Town - Staré Město
the Old Town Hall - Staroměstská radnice
The Old Town Square - Staroměstské náměstí
the Powder Tower - Prašná brána
the Prague Castle complex - komplex Pražského hradu
the Prague Castle/the Castle - Pražský hrad/Hrad
the Prague Uprising - Pražské povstání
the Přemyslid dynasty - přemslovská dynastie
the Rotunda of St. Martin - rotunda svatého Martina
the St.Wenceslas Chapel - kaple svatého Václava
uprising - povstání
Wenceslas square – Václavák
__________________14_liberec_my_town_______________________
*1*
Arangement:
- lies between the Izera Mountains and the Ještěd Ridge, in Northern Bohemia
- on the Nisa river
- about 100000 inhabitants, 6th largest city in the CR
- a sport centre
- the 13th century - founded as a refreshment center for merchants on the provincial trail from Bohemia to Lužice
- 1352 - the 1st mention (about paying churchscot)
- during the Hussite Movement - LBC burned down
- the Biberštejn´s domination
- the Redern´s domination - the emperor Rudolph II. granted the city emblem with the Redern´s symbol - silver wheel, Liberec promoted to a town
- the Battle on the White Mountain => Albrecht from Wallenstein (velnstejn) came, transformed LBC to a great factory producing cloth, founded the New Town with wood-frame houses (Větrná street)
- after Wallenstein´s death - the Swedish wrecked the town
- 18th century - centre built up with classisist brick houses
- 19th century - "The Golden Age" - boom of industry and architecture - LBC the 2nd largest city after Prague
- the beginning of 20th century -a lot of villas, churches, public buildings
- German majority (only 7% Czech minority)
- the centre of Henlein´s political party
- supplies of granite
- a lot of sights (the town hall built in the Neo-renaissant style - a copy of Vienna hall), the F. X. Šalda Theatre, the Sokolovské, Benešovo square, St Anthony´s Church (1587, valuable altar with Bohemian patrons), St. Cross´s Church (most valuable Barogue building, name because of the former town plan; plaque column in the garden by Mathias Braun; the Wallenstein houses (the oldest houses in LBC - 1681; the Šolc house (1771, cloth merchant Bedřich Šolc - nowadays quarters of Administration of protected landscape area of the Izera Mountains), the Neo-Renaissant spa building (1902, decorated with Poseidon and his wife...), on the Benešovo square - "The Post Café" - Neo-Rococo style (gorgeous mirrors, golden stucco))
- the botanical garden (1876; famous for orchids), the ZOO (1919; the oldest in middle Europe, a lot of endangered species, white tigers); the hotel with restaurant on the Ještěd´s summit (straight circular hyperboloid; TV transmitter; 1012 m; landmark of LBC; Karel Hubáček - awarded the Perret Prize), cable railway
- transport: Buses, trams, taxis
- centres: Swimming pool, theatres, cinemas, two houses of culture, the Babylon centre (with Lunapark and Aquapark), football and hockey stadiums, the arena, the Izera Mountains (cycling, hiking, downhill and crosscountry skiing)
- two private and two public grammar schools
*2*
Vocabulary:
altar (oltr) - oltář
churchscot - papežský desátek
provincial trail - místní stezka
__________________15_weather_environment___________
*1*
Arrangement:
- kinds of weather
- what we do, wear in each season (21st March=>21st June=>23rd September=>21st December)
- problems of environment, nature and their sollutions
* disappearing islands - Kiribati, Tuvalu
* Easter islands tragedy
* Australian sheep
* the greenhoue effect
* global warming
* loads of waste
* nuclear weapons and waste
* the ozone hole
* smog
* acid rains
* rain forests
- some tree, animal, plant species
*2*
Vocabulary:
abound - hojný
abyss - propast
adder - zmije
aerosol - sprej
almond - mandle
alternative sources of energy - alternativní zdroje energie
Antarctica - Antarktida
arable - orný, úrodný
arctic - arktický
ash tree - jasan
avalanche - lavina
badger - jezevec
bare - pustý
bark - kůra/štěkat
barometer - barometr
barren - neplodný, neúrodný
bear - medvěd
beaver - bobr
beech tree - buk
bellow/under zero/freezing point - pod/nad nulou/bodem mrazu
biogas - bioplyn
bird - pták
birch tree - bříza
blackbird - kos
blueberry - borůvka
boar - divočák
booth - budka
bough/brange - větev
boulder - balvan, valoun
breed - rozmnožovat se (zvířata)
breeze - vánek
brood - šlechtit, chovat/sedět na vejcích, dumat
brute - zvíře, hovado
cabbage - salát
cadmium - kadmium
camomile - heřmánek
car, lorry exhausts - výfukové plyny
carbon dioxide - oxid uhličitý
carbon monoxide - oxid uhelnatý
carp - kapr
cat hair - kočičí chlupy
catalytic converters - katalyzátory
cereals - obilniny
clam (klem) - škeble
claw - dráp
clear sky - jasné nebe
clearing - paseka, mýtina
cloud/y - mrak/čno
cloud/y - mrak/mračno
cloudburst - průtrž mračen
clump of trees - skupina stromů
coal-fired power stations - tepelné elektrárny
coastal - pobřežní
coconut - kokos
cod - treska
concentrated - nahromaděný
concrete blocks - betonové krychle
cone - šiška
conifers - jehličnany
cool breeze - chladivý vánek
copper - měď
core - jádro, jádřinec
corrosion - koroze
crab - krab
cranberry - brusinka
crayfish - rak
crop - úroda
crow - vrána/kokrhat
cuckoo - kukačka
daffodil - narcis
date - datle
dawn - svítání
desulphurisation - odsiřování
dew (dju) - rosa
ditch - strouha, příkop
domestic heating - domácí vytápění
domestic rubbish - domácí odpad
dove - holubice
downpour - slejvák
drained - vyschlý, vysušený
drought - sucho, pustina
dusk - stmívání
dust/y - prach/prašný
earthworm - žížala
ebony - eben
economical/economic - šetrný, úsporný/ekonomický
eel - úhoř
elm tree - jilm
emerald - smaragd
emissions - emise
end-of-pipe systems - odsiřovače (v komínech)
environment - ŽP
environmentally friendly - šetrný k ŽP
estuary - ústí řeky
eucalyptus - eukalyptus
falcon - sokol
famine - hladomor
fang - tesák
farmland - orná půda
fawn - fauna
ferns - kapradiny
fertile - úrodný
fertilizer - zúrodňovač
fig - fík
fin - ploutev
fir tree - jedle
firewood - topné dřevo
flea (fli) - blecha
fog/gy - mlha/vo
fossil fuels - fosilní paliva
fragrance - vůně
freight - doprava, náklad
frost - mráz
frozen - (z)mražený
full moon - úplněk
fumes - plyny
gas-fired plants - továrny na plyn
global warming - globální oteplování
goose/geeze - husa/y
green belts - městská zeleň
guinea fowl - perlička
gull (gal) - racek
hare - zajíc
harmful - škodlivý, zhoubný
hawk - jestřáb
heavy rain - silný déšť
hedgehog - ježek (Komárková)
herring - sleď
high/low pressure - vysoký/nízký tlak
high/low sun - slunce vysoko/nízko na obloze
hog - vepř, prase
horseradish - křen
humane - humánní, lidský
hyena (hajjína) - hyena
chemicals - chemikálie
cherry - třešeň
chip - tříska
chirp - cvrček
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - freony
icecaps - sněhová pokrývka
icy - ledový, pokryt ledem
in captivity/in the wild - v zajetí/přírodě
in the twilight - za šera
Indian summer - babí léto
industrial - hospodářský
interior - vnitrozemský
It´s raining cats and dogs/it´s pouring down with rain - lije jako z konve
it´s slippery - je kluzko
ivory - slonovina
kernel - zrno
landfill - skládka
landscape - krajina
landslide - sesuvy půdy
lavender - levandule
lawn - trávník
leaf/leaves - list/í
lemon - citron
lentil - čočka
light rain/fog/wind/sun - lehké: Děšť, mlha, vítr, slunce
lightning - blesk
lizard - ještěr
lobster - humr
locust - kobylka
louse/lice - veš
low-sulphur coal - uhlí s nízkým obsahem síry
mackerel - makrela
magpie - straka
mammal - savec
man-made - člověkem vyrobený
maple tree - javor
mare - klisna
marine - mořský, námořní
meadow - louka
mean - prostředek
mercury - rtuť
methane - metan
moist - vlhký
moose - los
moss - mech
mud - bláto
mushroom - houba
mushrooming - houbaření
mustard - hořčice
nature reserves - přírodní rezervace
nest - hnízdo, hnízdit
nettle - bodlák
nightingale - slavík
nitrogen oxide - oxid dusnatý
oak tree - dub
oasis - oáza
octopus - chobotnice
of organic origin - organického původu
oil spills - ropné skvrny
onion - cibule
orbit - oběžná dráha, orbita
otter - vydra
overcast - zatažený
owl - sova
oxidant - oxidant
partridge - koroptev
pasture - pastvina
pastureland - pastviny
paw - packa
peck - zobat, klovat
peninsula - poloostrov
perch - okoun říční/bidýlko/sedět, trůnit
pesticides - pesticidy
pheasant - bažant
pike - štika
pine tree - borovice
pip - pecka, jádro
plaice - platýs
plant - rostlina/továrna, podnik
plant/flower - rostlina/květina
plum - slíva
pollen - pyl
pollutant - znečišťovatel
pollution from - znečištění čím
pond - rybník, rybníček
pool - kaluž, tůň
poplar tree - topol
potato beetle - mandelinka
prawn - garnát
precipice - propast/záhuba, zkáza
primeval forest - prales
pulp - dužina
pussy - kotě
radioactive substances - radioaktivní látky
radish - ředkev
rainfall - srážky
rainfall rates - srážkové úhrny
rare - vzácný
raspberry - malina
raven - havran
ray - paprsek
reeds - rákosí
reindeer - sob/i
reptile - plaz
ripe - zralý
roe buck - jelen
roe deer - srnec
root - kořen/odmocnit
rosemary - rozmarýn
sage - šalvěj
salmon - losos
sap - míza
sardine - sardinka
sawdust - piliny
sea level - hladina moře
seed - semeno
sewage treatment - čističky odpadních vod
shell - skořápka, lastura
shrimp - kreveta
silage - siláž
skate - rejnok
skyline - horizont
slush - břečka
smoke, smell - kouř, smrad
snail - hlemýžď
snow flake - sněhová vločka
soil - půda
solar radiation - sluneční záření
soya - sója
sparrow - vrabec
spruce tree - smrk
squirrel - vavruška
stalagmite/stalagtite - stalagmit/stalaktit
stem - kmen, stonek/zarazit, zastavit
storage - skladiště
stork - čáp
strawberry - jahoda
stream - potok, potůček
strong sun - silně hřející Slunce
strong thunderstorm - silná bouře
strong wind - silný vítr
stunted - zakrslý
sturgeon - jeseter
substance - látka, substance
sugar beet - cukrová řepa
sugar cane - cukrová třtina
sulphur dioxide - oxid siřičitý
sunrise - východ Slunce
sunset - západ Slunce
swallow - vlaštovka
swamp - bažina
swan (svón) - labuť
tangerines, mandarines - mandarinky
tempest/storm - bouře
thaw (fó) - obleva
the balance of species - rovnováha druhů
the greenhouse effect - skleníkový efekt
the lungs of our planet - plíce Země (pralesy)
thermometer - termometr
thunder - hrom
tide - příliv a odliv, proud, tok
to absorb - absorbovat
to be fitted with sth - být vybaven čím
to be sorted out - být tříděn
to bite - kousat, štípat
to blaze - plápolat/ žár, požár
to buzz - bzučet
to clean sth up - vyčistit co
to compost sth - zkompostovat co/kompost
to contaminate sth - kontaminovat co
to contribute to sth - přispívat k čemu
to convert into - přeměnit v co
to curse sth - klítn, nadávat na co
to damage the environment - poškozovat ŽP
to decay - rozložit se/rozklad
to defrost - rozmrazit
to die out/extinct - vymřít
to discharge sth - vypouštět co
to drizzle - mrholit/mrholení
to dump - složit (uhlí)/zahodit, vyhodit/skládka
to flare - plápolat
to form - utvořit, zreagovat v co
to freeze - mrznout
to gather - těžit
to give sth out - vylučovat, vypouštět co
to hail - kroupit/kroupa
to hiss - syčet
to chop down - pokácet
to implement - uskutečnit, realizovat
to install - instalovat
to litter - odhazovat svinčík/svinčík
to melt - tát
to mine - těžit, těžba, důl
to plant - sázet
to pollute - znečišťovat
to rear - chovat
to reclaim sth - zúrodnit, rekultivovat co
to recycle - recyklovat
to run on sth - jezdit na co
to spin a web - uplést síť
to surge - vzdouvat se/příboj
to take measures - provádět měření
to turn into sth - změnit se v co
to wave - mávat, vlnit se/vlna
tropical fish - exotická rybka
tropical rain forest - tropický deštný les
trout - pstruh
tulip - tulipán
tuna - tuňák
twig - větvička
ultraviolet rays - ultrafialové paprsky
unleaded petrol - bezolovnatý benzín
urban regeneration - obnova měst
varity - odrůda
viper - zmije
vitally important - životně důležitý
vulture - sup
walnut - vlašský ořech
warthog - prase bradavičnaté
wasp - vosa
waste disposal sites - smeťáky
waste materials - odpadní látky
water falls - srážky
water vapour - vodní pára, výpary
watercourse - vodní tok
waterways - vodní cesty
weather forecast - předpověď počasí
whiskers - vousy
widespread flood - mohutná povodeň
widespread fog - hustá mlha
wild-rose bush - růže šípková
wilderness - divočina
willow pussies - kočičky
willow tree - vrba
wolf - vlk
woodchuck - svišť
woodpecker - datel
x degrees - x stupňů Celsia
yew tree - tis
yield - sklizeň, úroda
_____________________16_shopping_clothing____________
*1*
Arrangement:
- situations in a shop (buying, checking...)
- what we can buy in each shop (about 10 items)
- what we wear if it´s summer/winter, on special occasions, when sporting, relaxing
- types of neckline: With collar, collarless, high, low, oval, polo neck, tie, V-neck, boat neck
- cuts of sleeves: Raglan, inset, dropped shoulder, batwing
- patterns: Flower, geometric, striped, checked, dotted, spotted
- traditional clothes
*2*
Vocabulary:
accessory - příslušenství, doplněk
all-purpose dress - oblek pro každý případ
appearance - vzhled
apron (ejpran) - zástěra
article - artikl, položka
auction - dražba
axe (eks) - sekyra
ball - klubko vlny
bangle - mašle
barber´s - holičství
bead (bi:d) - korálek, kulička
bedsheet - prostěradlo
bell-shaped skirt - zvonovitá sukně
bin - plechovka
blazer - blejzr
blouse - blůza
body care - autoklempířství
bookshop - knihkupectví
bouquet/bunch of flowers - kytice
boutique - butik
bowl - mísa, číše
bowler hat - hučka, klobouk
bra - podprsenka
bracelet - náramek
braces - šle
brooch (breuč) - brož
broom - koště
brush - štětec, štětka
butcher´s (bučrs) - řeznictví
cape - pláštěnka
cardigan - svetr na zip
cash dispenser - obchodní pokladna
casual clothes - hadry na doma, volné oblečení
claw hammer - kladivo s jednou stranou na hřebíky
clothe - hadr
clothes - oblečení
clothes made to measure - oblečení na míru
coat - kabát, plášť
collar - límec
comb - hřeben, česat
comfortable - pohodlný
commodity - komodita, předmět obchodu
confectioner´s - cukrárna
cordurdy trousers - manžestráky
costume - převlek
crowbar - páčidlo
curler - natáčka
cut - střih
dairy products - mléčné výrobky
Delikatessen - lahůdkářství
denim - džínovina
department store - obchodní dům
deposit for bottle - záloha na lahev
discount - sleva, srážka
DIY shop - udělej si sám, obchod pro kutily
dress - oblek
drill - vrták/vrtačka
dry-cleaner´s - čistírna
dyer´s - barvírna
ear muffs - klapky na uši
earring - náušnice
ether - éter
evening gown - večerní šaty
fabric (febrik) - tkanina
Fabric/Dress materials - obchod látkami
fancy dress parade - maškarní bál
fashion - móda
fashion designer - módní návrhář
fashionable/unfashionable - v módě/nemódní
felt-pen/marker - fixa
Fishmonger´s - rybárna
fixed price - pevná cena
florist´s - květinářství
Fruiterer´s - ovoce
Furrier´s - kožešnictví
garish - křiklavý, výstřední
garment - část oděvu
Gift shop - dárkové zboží
goblet - kalich
Goldsmith - zlatník
grocer´s, grocery - potraviny
guarantee certificate - záruční list
Haberdashery - galanterie
hair-dresser - kadeřnictví
handcuff - manžeta
hand-sbd-down clothes - hadry předané někomu po starších sourozencích
hardware shop - železářství
hat - klobouk
Hatter´s - kloboučnictví
Health Foods - zdravá strava
heavy boots/court shoes - těžké/slušné boty
heel-bar - švec
Homewares - domácí potřeby
hood - kapuce, karkulka
chain - řetěz
checkout counter - pokladna
chemist´s, drugstore - drogerie
Ironmonger´s - železářství
item - položka
jacket - frak, sako
jeans (P) - džíny
jewellery - šperky
jigsaw - puzzle
jumper - svetřík, halena
khaki - maskáčová barva
laces - tkaničky
Launderette - čistírna
laundry - špinavé prádlo
linen - plátno
lining - podšívka
man-made fibres - umělá vlákna
marble - kulička, korálek
mascarn - řasenka
masquerade - maškaráda
match colours - barevně sednout
midcalf lenght - po lýtka
mittens - rukavice
muffler - šála
necklace - náhrdelník
neckline - výstřih
needle - jehla
night gown - župan
off-lineer - obchod drinky
One Hour Cleaning - rychločistírna
optician - optik
overall - overal
Paints - barvy
paper clip - sponka
parade - přehlídka
patch - záplata
pendant - přívěsek
pharmacy - lékárna
pin - jehlice, spona
plane - hoblík/hoblovat
pliers - kleště
plimsolls - tenisky
pneumatic drill - zbíječka
precious stone - drahokam
price range - cenová relace
purse - dámská peněženka
pyjamas - pyžamo
queue - fronta
raincoat - pršiplášť
rake - hrábě
rasher - plátek
ready-made clothes - konfekce
receipt - účtenka
rope - lano
rouge (růž)/lipstick - rtěnka
rubber/eraser - guma
rubbers - gumáky
ruler - pravítko
savings bank - spořitelna
saw - pila
scarf - šátek
scissors (P) - nůžky
scourge - metla
screw - šroub
screw-driver - šroubovák
sheet - list papíru
shirt - košile
shoe - bota
shop assistant/shopkeeper - prodavač/ka
shorts (P) - kraťasy
silk - hedvábí
skirt - sukně
slacks (sleks) - tepláky
sledgehammer - dlouhé kladivo
sleeve - rukáv
socks - ponožky
spade - lopata
spanner - francouzský klíč
spending spree - tah po krámech
spikes - sportovní boty
sporran - irský měch
stand - stánek
stationer´s - papírnictví
stitch - steh
straw hat - koupací čepice
subdued - nenápadný, tlumený
suit - oblek (pánský, dámský)
suspender belt - suspenzor
suspenders - podvazky
sweater (svetr) - svetr
swimming trunks - pánské plavky
tailcoat - frak s tučňáčím výstřihem na zadku
tailor - krejčí
tar - dehet
tie / bow tie - kravata / motýlek
tight-fitting - pevně obepínající
tightrope - provazochodecké lano
tights - punčochy
to be out of date - být mimo módu, neaktuální
to be reduced - být zlevněn
to be slovenly in dressing - oblékat se lajdácky
to be well-dressed - dobře se oblékat
to buy sth on purchase - koupit co na splátky
to coat - natřít/nátěr
to crochet (kroušei) - háčkovat
to drop the price - slevit
to embroider - vyšívat
to exchange - vyměnit, směnit
to knit - plést
to lean on a stick - chodit o holi
to look like/looked/looked - vypadat jako, vyzerat
to pay in cash - platit hotově
to pull sth on - obouvat co
to put on sth - obléci co
to queue (UK)/to stand in line (US) - stát frontu
to sew (seu) / sewed / sewn - šít, sešít, ušít
to smart up - upravit se
to suit sbd - být někomu, padnout někomu
to take sth off - svléknout co
to wear sth /wore/worn - nosit něco
to weave - tkát, plést
track suit - závodnické oblečení
trademark - obchodní značka
trousers - kalhoty
T-shirt - tričko
turpentine - terpentýn
umbrella - deštník
underpants - spodky
uniformity - uniformovanost
Universal Store - smíšenka
vending machine - prodejní automat
vest, waistcoat - vesta
waist-lenght - po pás dlouhý
waistline - pas
wallet (volit) - pánská peněženka
warehouse - skladiště
washable - omyvatelný
washing-up liquid - čístící prostředek na nádobí
Watchmaker´s - hodinář
Wellington boots - gumáky
wig - paruka
wire - kabel
woolen hat - čepice
worn out - obnošený
Wrap up warm! - oblékni se teple
žebřík - ladder
_________17_food_restaurants_czech_english_and_american_meals_________
*1*
Arrangement:
- how does it go in fast foods and in restaurants?
- meals on special occasions (feastdays...)
- typical British and American meals
Typical English breakfast:
1) Orange juice
2) Cornflakes
3) Ham&Eggs
4) Beans&sausages, fried tomatoes
5) Toast and marmelade
6) Tea or coffee with milk
Sometimes elevenses (cup of tea, biscuits)
Lunch: Usually cold, loaded with vegetables:
Sandwich, bread and butter, biscuits, fish and chips
Dinner = the main meal (three-course meal):
1) Starter - alcohol; salad
2) Potatoes, rice, vegetables
3) Dessert
- the US:
after breakfast: Elevenses
lunch: usually hamburger, hot dog
- Scotland, North England:
- 17-18 - they have high tea (fish, ham, sausages, eggs => then biscuits, bread, cup of tea)
- evening - supper (more biscuits, cocoa, milk, sandwiches, tea, cheese, cakes, bread&butter...)
- differences between the Czech (we call English dinner a supper) and the British cuisine
- healthy food
- jam vs. marmelade (limes)
- division of soups:
1) Bouillons
2) Clear soups (beef, chicken, vegetable, with liver-balls)
3) Thick soups (celery, cauliflower, tomato, potato, fish, cream of mushroom, tripe)
- manual - how to prepare some meal
*2*
Vocabulary:
almond - mandle
aperitif - aperitiv
apple strudel - jablečný štrůdl
apricot - meruňka
astew - dušený
bacon - slanina
baking tin - plech na pečení
barbecue - bárbekjů
basil - bazalka
batter(U) - lité těsto
beef - hovězí
beverage (beveridž) - nápoj
bitter - hořký
blackberry - ostružina
blood sausage - jelito
blueberry - borůvka
boar - divočák
bouillon - bujon
box of chocolate - bonboniéra
braised liver - dušená játra
bread dumpling - houskový knedlík
breadcrumbs - strouhanka
breakfast - snídaně
broccoli - brokolice
brunch - americká, britská obědosnídaně (víkendová)
Brussels sprout - růžičková kapusta
bulb - cibule od čehokoli/žárovka
bun - houska
cabbage - salát
cacao - kakaový prášek
cakes - palačinky
camomile - heřmánek
can - plechovka, konzerva
canapé - jednohubka
caraway - kmín
cari - kari
carrot - mrkev
casserole - anglický eintopf
cauliflower - květák
celery - celer
cider - jableční víno, jablečný mošt
cinnamon - skořice
clam - škeble
clove (kleuv) - hřebíček
clove of garlic - stroužek česneku
cocktail - koktejl
coconut - kokos
cod - treska
cognac - koňak
cook - kuchař
corkscrew - vývrtka
cottage cheese - tvaroh
counter - přepážka ve fastfůdu
courgette - cuketa
crab - krab
cranberry - brusinka
crayfish - rak
croissant - loupák
cucumber - okurka
currant - rybíz
custard - krém, pudink
cutlet - porce masa, plátek
date - datle
dessert, pudding - dezert, pudink
dinner/supper - večeře
disgusting - nechutný, odporný
dish/course - chod
dissolve - rozpustit
dough - těsto
doughnut/donut - kobliha
dried fruit - sušené ovoce
eel - úhoř
elaborate meal - složité, složené jídlo
fig - fík
fillet of plaice - plátek platýse
flavour - šmak
food poisoning - otrava jídlem
foodstuff - suroviny na jídlo
fruit - ovoce
fruit dumplings - ovocné knedlíky
gammon - uzená šunka
garnish - obložit, příloha
gellied (dželýd) pork - tláča
ginger - zázvor
ginger bread - perník
goulash - guláš
grapes - hrozny
grate on a grater - roštovat na roštu
gravy - masová vlastní šťáva
grease - omastit
guinea fowl - perlička
hare - zajíc
hazelnut (heizlnat) - lískový ořech
herb tea - bylinkový čaj
herring - sleď
horseradish - křen
hot dish - teplý pokrm
hot chocolate - kakao (nápoj)
chef - šéfkuchař
cherry - třešeň
chestnut stuffing - kaštanová nádivka
chilli powder - čili
chop - kus masa s kostí
ice-cream - zmrzlina
ice-lolly - nanuk
jacked potatoes - brambory na loupačku
jam - džem
jelly - želé
knead (nyd) - hníst, válet
lager (lagr)/pint/half - pivo-0,5l/0,6l/0,3l
lamb - ovčí
landlord/landlady - hostinský/hostinská
lard - sádlo
lasagne - lazaně
leek - pór
lemon - citron
lentil - čočka
lettuce - hlávkový salát
lid - poklice
light/dark/draught beer - pivo světlé/tmavé/točené
lime - vápno/citrus
liver-balls - játrové knedlíčky
lobster - humr
lunch - oběd
macaroni - makaróny
mackerel - makrela
maize (UK)/corn (US) - kukuřice
malt(U) (mólt) - slad
maple sap - javorový sirup
marmelade - marmeláda
marzipan - marcipán
mayonnaise - majonéza
mince - namlít
mincer - mlýnek
mitmeat - maso na hamburgry
mixture - směs
mug - hrníček, šálek
müsli (mňůzli) - müsli
mustard - hořčice
mutton - jehněčí
nectarine - nektarinka
noodles - nudle
nourishment - potrava
nutcrackers - louskáček
nutmeg - muškátový oříšek
nutritious - výživný
omelette (UK)/omelet (US) - omeleta
on the rocks - (alkohol) s ledem
onion - cibule
oyster - ústřice
partley - petržel
pasta - těstoviny
pastry - moučník, cukroví
peach - broskev
peanut - arašíd
pear (pér) - hruška
peas - hrášek
pepper - paprika
pheasant - bažant
pickles - kyselé okurky, cibulky, nakládaná zelenina
pie - plněný koláč
pike - štika
pineapple - ananas
plain yoghurt - bílý jogurt
plates made of china - porcelánové talíře
plum - slíva
plum brandy - slivovice
poppadoms - indický chléb
pork - vepřové
porridge - ovesná kaše
pot luck - překvapení pod pokličkou
potato pancake with garlic - bramborák
poultry - drůbeží
prawn - garnát
preserved - zavařený
pressure cooker - papiňák
pumpkin - tykev
punch - punč
radish - ředkev
raisin - hrozinka
raspberry - malina
raw - syrový
recipe - recept
risotto - rizoto
roast pork with dumplings and sauerkraut - vepřo-knedlo-zelo
roe deer - srnec
roll - rohlík
rosemary - rozmarýn
rumpsteak - biftek ze zadního hovězího
sage - šalvěj
salami - salám
saltcellar - slánka
sardine - sardinka
sauce - omáčka
scrambled eggs - míchaná vajíčka
seafood - produkty moře
semolina puree (pjuarej) - krupicová kaše
shrimp - kreveta
sirloin steak with cream sauce - svíčková
skate - rejnok
smoked - uzený
soft/hard boiled eggs - vejce naměkko/natvrdo
soup ladle - sběračka
soya - sója
sparkling wine - sekt
sparkling/mulled wine - šumivé víno/svařák
spice - koření
spinach (spinyč) - špenát
spirit - alkohol
sponge - piškot
sponge cake - bábovka
sprinkle - postříkat, pocukrovat, posolit
starter, course - předkrm
still/fizzy water - neperlivá/perlivá voda
stove (steuv) - kamna
strain with a strainer - cedit na cedníku
straw - brčko
strawberry - jahoda
sturgeon - jeseter
sunny side up - volské oko
syrup - sirup
tangerines, mandarines - mandarinky
tasteful - chutný
tasteless - bez chuti
tasty - chutný
teetotaller - abstinent
tender meat - jemné maso
tin/bottle opener - otvírák na konzervy/láhve
tinned - ve formě na pečení
tip - spropitné
to be loaded with calories - být narván kaloriemi
to eat out - jít jíst ven do restaurace
to grill - grilovat
to peel sth - oloupat co
to serve sth - servírovat, poskytovat co
to smack - mlaskat
to squeeze sth - vymačkat co
to starve - hladovět
to stew - dusit
toothpick - párátko
topping - topink
trifle - vaječný sladký nákyp
tripe soup - držkovka
trout - pstruh
tuna - tuňák
under-done steak - krvavý stejk
upset (eg. tomato) - zkažené (např. rajče)
utterly/absolutely delicious - totálně výtečné
veal paprika - telecí na paprice
vegetables - zelenina
vegetarian - vegetariánský, vegetarián
venison - zvěřina
Vienna steak - vídeňský stejk
vine - víno (hroznové)
vinegar - ocet
vineyard - vinice
vintage (vintydž) x - ročník x
vitamins - vitamíny
waffle (vofl) - vafle
walnut - vlašský ořech
whipped cream - šlehačka
whisk - šlehat
white/brown bread - bílý/černý chléb
white sugar icing - posyp moučkovým cukrem
wine - víno (alkohol)
wooden spoon - vařečka
yeast (jíst) - kvasnice, droždí
________________18_william_shakespeare_my_favourite_shakespeares_play______
*1*
Arrangement:
- about Shakespeare´s life
- about his works
- about my favourite S. play
- why he was famous in his days (thrilling stories, understandable for everyone, prestigious plays)
- why he is famous nowadays (close themes, thrilling stories, all kinds of plays)
- some of his colleagues playwrights (Marlowe, Kyd, Ben Johnson)
Facts:
1)
- born April 23 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, died 1616 in the same town
- father John - a successful merchant (a glovemaker)
- the age of 7 - WS started attending local grammar school
- the age of 18 - married Anne Hathaway (26, already pregnant)=> after 6 months - daughter Susanna born, after 2 years - twins (Judith and Hamnet - died 11) born
- 1592 - WS appears as an established actor and playwright
- 1594 - joins the Lord Chamberlain´s Men as a leading actor and dramatist, by 1599 - with 6 members owners of The Globe (open to the sky)
- 1597 - bought himself a new mansion - New Place (the sec. largest in Stratford, 2 gardens, 2 orchards, 2 barns)
- big profits, king´s support
- 1612 - WS returns home to Stratford
- 1613 - The Globe destroyed by fire
- the King´s Men (renamed) continue in the Blackfriars (indoor theatre, allowing scenic effects)
- spends the rest of his life with family and visitors
- 23. 4. 1616 - dies after entertaining Johnson and Michael Drayton at New Place
- buried at Trinity Church in Stratford
2)
- 37 plays
- adapted a lot of older plays
- historical plays: Richard III., Henry IV., Julius Caesar, Anthony and Cleopatra
- tragedies: Macbeth, Othello, King Lear, Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet
- comedies: As You Like It, The Taming Of The Shrew, The Merry Wives of Windsor, A Midsummer Night´s Dream, Twelfth Night, The Merchant of Venice
- romances: Pericles, The Winter´s Tale, The Tempest
- sonnets (close to the speech; dedicated to men), longer poems
3) Quotations from Shakespeare:
Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. (Hamlet)
My kingdom for a horse! (Richard III)
The evil that men do lives after them. (Julius Caesar)
To be or not to be? (Hamlet)
I saw the handkerchief! (Othello)
Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. (Henry IV.)
4)
A) Romeo And Juliet: Families of Montague and Capulet; Verona; Romeo, a Montague, Juliet, a Capulet; secret wedding; Tybalt - Juliet´s cousin; Mercutio (Romeo´s friend) dies => Tybalt killed; Paris; the Friar Lawrence; potion => Juliets seems dead; Mantua
B) Hamlet
C) King Lear: 3 daughters; Cordelia; Lear goes mad; C. marries the King of France; helps father; Cordelia and Lear imprisoned by sisters
D) Macbeth: Scottish soldier; prophecy; Lady Macbeth; killing present king Duncan, Banquo (fellow-soldier); Birnam Wood came to Dunsinane=>Macbeth defeated
E) Othello: Moor and Venetian general; Iago; Desdemona; Cassio (liutenant); Emilia
*2*
Vocabulary:
against sbd´s wish - proti čí vůli
despot - despota
in grief - ve smutku
moor - maur
prophecy (profisi) - věštba
reconciliation (rykansyliejšn) - usmíření
sexual jealousy - milostná žárlivost
to banish/ment (benyš) - vyhostit/ění
to be put to death - být odsouzen k smrti
to be resolved on sth - být rozhodnut udělat co
to drive sbd away from home - vykázat koho z domu
to stab sself - probodnout se
to strangle - uškrtit
unjustified - nespravedlivý
vendetta - vendeta, nenávist mezi rodinami
vengeance (vendžeans) – pomsta
_____________________________19_health_diseases_human_body__________
*1*
Arrangement:
- the parts of human body
- what do the typical English look like?
(red-haired, mixed origin, freckles...)
- typical illnesses, psychological diseases
- the system of health service, an appointment with your doctor
- healthy lifestyle and civilisational diseases
- first aid
*2*
Vocabulary:
(elastic) bandage (bendydž) - (elastický) obvaz
(nervous) breakdown - (nervové) zhroucení
abdomen - břicho
accident - nehoda
acne - akné
ambulance (driver) - sanita (saniťák)
an appointment - prohlídka
angular/coarse face - hranatý/drsný obličej
ankle (enkl) - kotník
anorexia - anorexie
antibiotics (entibájotiks) - antibiotika
apple - ohryzek
artificial respiration - umělé dýchání
auburn - kaštanový
backbone - páteř
bandy-legged - kozonohý
barefooted - bosý
beard - bradka
belly - bříško
big toe - palec u nohy
bile (bajl)/gall - žluč
bladder - měchýř/žlučník
blind in the eye - slepý na oko
blocked nose - ucpaný nos
blonde - blond
blood - krev
blood pressure - krevní tlak
bone - kost
bottom - hýždě
brace - ortéza/rovnátka
breast, chest - hrdník
broad shoulders - široká ramena
built - postava, vzrůst
bulimia - bulimie
bunch of fives - pěst (k útoku)
bust - poprsí
calf - lýtko
cancer - rakovina
chain smoker - kuřácká továrna
complexion/fair complexion - pleť/světlá pleť
concussion (konkašn) - otřes mozku
constipation - zácpa
cough (kof) - kašel/kašlat
cough mixture - přípravek proti kašli
cream - mast
cream - mast
cross-eyed - šilhající
crutch - berle
curly/wavy hair - kudrnaté/zvlněné vlasy
dandruff - lupy
deaf - hluchý
diabetes (dájabýtis) - cukrovka
diarrhoea - průjem
diet, to be on a diet - dieta, držet dietu
disaster/disastrously - neštěstí, katastrofa/nešťastně
dishevelled - rozcuchaný
dislocated shoulder - vykloubené rameno
doctor - doktor
dumb - němý
dwarf - trpaslík
ear - ucho
ecsema (eksima) - exém
elbow - loket
enchanting smile - odzbrojující úsměv
extract - extrakt, výtažek
eye - oko
eyebrow - obočo
eyelash - řasa
eyelid - oční víčko
faint/shrill/husky/harsh voice - mírný/pronikavý/chraplavý/drsný hlas
fair/blond hair - světlé vlasy
fatty meat - tučné maso
fever - horečka
fiber - vláknina
fist - pěst
flesh - lidské maso
forehead - čelo
fracture - zlomenina
freckles - pihy
fringe - ofina
full-figured - plnoštíhlý
General Practitioner - praktický lékař
German measles (mízls) - spalničky
gigantic (džigentyk) - gigantický
giggle (gigl) - hihňat se
good/poor appetite (epetajt) - (dobrá/malá) chuť k jídlu
gore - sražená krev
grim - ponurý, zamračený
grin - úšklebek
gums - dásně
hangover - kocovina
head - hlava
headache - bolest hlavy
health center - zdravotnické centrum
heart - srdce
heart attack - infarkt
heart-stopping smile - srdcervoucí úsměv
heel - pata
hiccups - škytavka
hips - boky
hobble - kulhat, pajdat
hooked nose - hákovitý nos
hospital - nemocnice
hunch-backed - hrbatý
hygiene (haidžín) - hygiena
hypochondriac - hypochondr
cheek - tvář
chicken pox - neštovice
chin - brada
chuckle - chichot, tlumený smích
illness/disease - nemoc, nákaza
index finger/forefinger - ukazováček
influenza, flu- chřipka
injury - zranění (menší)
insomnia - nespavost
instep - nárt
interruption - interrupce
intestines - střeva
jaundice (džondis) - žloutenka
jaw - čelist
joint - kloub
kidney - ledví
lame in a leg - chromý na nohu
limb - úd
limp - kulhat, kulhání
lip - ret
lisp - šišlat
little finger - malíček
little toe - malíček u nohy
liver - játra
lungs - plíce
marrow - morek
medicine - léčivo, léky
middle finger - prostředníček
moustache (méstáš) - knír
mouth - ústa
mumbs - příušnice
muscle - sval
nail - nehet
neat - vkusný, úhledný
nimble - mrštný, hbitý
nose - nos
nosedrops - kapky do nosu
operating theatre - operační sál
pain - bolest, bolet
painkillers - analgetika=léky proti bolesti
pale - bledý
palm - dlaň
patient - pacient
performance - operace
permed hair - trvalá
pharmacy - lékárna
pills - prášky
pimple - uhrák, pupínek
plump - buclatý (i obličej)
pony-tail - ohon
postmortem - pitva
proportions - proporce
protruding cheek-bones - vyčnívající líce
rash - vyrážka
recovery - zotavení
rheumatism - revmatismus
rib - žebro
ring finger - prsteníček
rotten tooth - zkažený zub
seasick - mořská nemoc
shapely - pěkných tvarů
short-sighted - krátkozraký
sideburns - kotlety
skeleton - kostra
skin - kůže, povrch těla
skull (skal) - lebka
slender - štíhlý, útlý
sling - převaz zlomené ruky (přes rameno)
slouch - hrbit se, krčit se
snub - skoba nos
soft face - jemný obličej
sole - chodidlo/podrážka
solemn/poker face - důstojná tvář/tvář karetního hráče
sore throat - bolest v krku
sore - bolavý
sparkling - jiskřivý
spectacles - brýle
spine - osten/páteř
spleen - slezina
spotty - poďobaný
stitch - steh
stomach ache - bolest břicha
stoopy - skloněný, shrbený
stout - podsaditý
straight hair - rovné vlasy
stroke - mrtvice
sunburnt - úžeh
surgeon - chirurg
surgery - chirurgie
sweat (svet) - pot, potit se
tanned - opálený
thermometer - teploměr
thigh - stehno
throat - hrdlo, krk
thumb - palec
to be unconscious - být v bezvědomí
to be vaccinated - být očkován
to be wounded - být raněn (krvavě, ve válce)
to black out - omdlít
to bleed - krvácet
to blow a nose - smrkat
to bruise - odřít/odřenina
to die over/of sth - umřít na co
to drown - topit se
to fall asleep - usnout
to have a running nose - mít krvácení z nosu
to hurt - poranit, ublížit
to hypnotize - hypnotizovat
to check-up - prohlédnout
to mumble - mumlat
to plait - plést/cop
to puff - blafat (z cigára)
to put a plaster of Paris - dát sádru
to put up/lose weight - nabírat/shazovat váhu
to recover/to get over sth - dostat se z něčeho, vyléčit se z čeho
to rub eyes - mudlat si oči
to shave - holit se
to shiver - chvět se
to sip - lokat, srkat
to sneeze - kýchat
to snore - chrápat
to sprain - vykloubit, vykloubení
to stagger - potácet se/omráčit/rovnoměrně rozdělit
to stammer - koktat, zadrhávat/koktání, zadrhávání
to sting - dát žihadlo, uštknout
to strip to the waist - svléci se do půl těla
to take a temperature - změřit teplotu
to take/feel sbd´s pulse (pals) - naměřit někomu puls
to twist an ankle - vykloubit si kotník
to vomit/to throw up - zvracet
to wink - mrkat
to wipe a nose - utřít si nos
toe - prst na noze
tongue (tang) - jazyk
trunk - trup
upright posture - vzpřímená pozice
upset stomach (stoumak) - zkažené břicho
vaccination - očkování
waist - pas
waiting room - čekárna
weak - slabý
wrinkle - vráska
wrist - zápěstí
X-ray, to X-ray sbd - röentgen/prohlédnout někoho röentgenem
________________________20_the_course_of_life_family_problems_of_young_people_my_dailly_programme________
*1*
Arrangement:
- progression of one´s life from parents over childbirth to a death
- wedding traditions and superstitions (civil wedding/church wedding; the bride has to have sth new, old, blue and borrowed)
- funeral (superstitions - one should be buried 6 feet under ground)
- reasons for getting divorced (high phone bills, boredom, problems with living and finding a job, drunkard, home violence...)
- problems of old people (loneliness)
- advantages and disadvantages of being the only child
- generation gap, problems of young people
- reasons for and against maternity
- my daily programme => originally! (Žahour...)
*2*
Vocabulary:
adultory - nevěra
amount - suma, částka
bachelor - svobodný mládenec
best man - svědek
birth - narození
birthday card - narozeninové přání
bride - nevěsta
bridegroom - ženich
bridesmaid - družička
canopy - baldachýn
cemetery - hřbitov
ceremony - ceremoniál
coffin - rakev
companion/ in arms - společník/ spolubojovník
cousin - sestřenice/bratranec
cremation - kremace
descendant - potomek
engaged - zasnoubený
engagement - zásnuby
fee - poplatek
fiancé (fijonsej) - snoubenec
fiancée (fijonsej) - snoubenka
first name - jméno
funeral - pohřeb
gambling - gemblaření, hraní hazardních her, automatů
generation gap - generační problémy, mezera
get-well card - přání brzkého uzdravení
godfather/godmother - kmotr/kmotra
grave - hrob
graveyard - hřbitov
great-grandma - prababička
honeymoon - líbánky
childbirth - narození dítěte
childhood - dětství
christening party - křtiny
I will! - manželské "ano"
illegitimate children - mimomenželské děti
imprisoned - zatčený
juveniles - mládež
love at first sight - láska na první pohled
maiden name - rodné příjmení
marital status - rodinný stav
marriage - manželství
marriage certificate - manželská smlouva
maternity hospital - porodnice
maternity leave - mateřská
mortury - márnice
mother-in-law/father-in-law/son-in-law/daughter-in-law - thýně/tchán/zeť/snacha
mourner - truchlík
nappy - plena
nephew - synovec
niece - neteř
orphan - sirotek
out of work/jobless - bez práce
permanent adress - trvalé bydliště
pocket money - kapesné
pram - kočárek
present adress - přechodné bydliště
relative - příbuzný
riddle - hádanka
savings - úspory
scandal - skandál
sibling - sourozenec
silver/golden/diamond wedding - stříbrná/zlatá/diamantová svatba
single - jediný, samostatný/svobodný
spinster - stará panna
stepchildren - nevlastní děti
stork - čáp
suicide - sebevražda
sum - suma
surname - příjmení
surrogate mother - náhradní matka (která odnosí dítě)
sympathy - soustrast, sympatie
testify - závěť
the only child - jedináček
to be bad influence on sth - mít špatný vliv na koho
to be born in the sign of - být zrozen ve znamení
to be broke - nemít prachy
to be called after - být pojmenován po kom
to be christened - být pokřtěn
to be made redundant - být propuštěn
to be married to sbd - být oddán s kým
to be on the shelf - být na ocet
to be relate to sbd - být něčí příbuzný
to be sbd´s age - být něčí věku
to bet - sázet
to be the very image of - vypadnout komu z oka
to be well-suited - hodit se k sobě
to be widowed - být ovdovělý
to break/split up with sbd - rozejít se s kým
to breast-feed - kojit
to bury - pohřbít
to commit suicide - spáchat sebevraždu
to deliver a baby - obdržet dítě
to die from - zemřít na
to divorce from sbd - rozvést se s kým
to fritter money away - rozfofrovat peníze
to marry sbd - vzít si koho
to obey (obej) - poslouchat, dodržovat
to overdose - předávkovat se
to retire - odejít do důchodu
to save - spořit
to walk the dog - dojít s čoklem
toddler - batole
tomb (tumb) - hrobka
twins/triplets/quartaplets/quintaplets... - 2 až 5čata
un/faithful - ne/věrný
wedding - svatba
wedding reception - svatební hostina
widow/er - vdova/vdovec
windfall - peníze z nebe
youth - mladá, mládež
_________21_my_studies_plans_for_the_future_professions___
*1*
Arrangement:
- basic facts about my school attendance
division into:
1) Blue collar jobs (wage, paid for performance, hour, usually in cash)
2) White collar jobs = professions (salary sent to their account)
*2*
Vocabulary:
absolute fortune - celé jmění
accountant - účetní
actor - herec
after-school activity - mimoškolní aktivita
agricultural school - zemědělka
aid - pomůcka
air traffic controller - letový dispečer
ald age pension - starobní důchod
A-levels - britská matura
annelise - analýza
annual income - roční příjem
apprentice - učeň
apprenticeship certificate - výuční list
architect - architekt
artist - umělec
assembly hall - atrium
assistant - asistent
at a university - na univerzitě
at school - ve škole
attention span - doba pozornosti
au pair - ó pér
bankrupt - krach
barber - holič
blackboard - tabule
board of examiners - zkušební komise
boarding school - internátní škola
boss - kápo, šéfik
bricklayer - zedník
business academy - obchodní akademie
bussiness card - navštívenka
butler - komorník
campus - plac pro studenty
candidate - kandidát
career - kariéra
cashier - pokladník
chairman - předseda
civics - občanská nauka
civil engineer - stavební inženýr
classmate - spolužák
cleaning woman - uklízečka
clerk - úředník
cloakroom - šatna
colleague - kolega
compulsory education - povinná školní docházka
conservatoire - konzervatoř
convent - ženský klášter
cook - kuchař
correspondence classes - dálkové studium
craftsman - řemeslník
crop - úroda
curriculum vitae - životopis
dean - děkan
decorator - malíř pokojů
degree - titul
department - katedra
diploma - diplom
diploma thesis - diplomová práce
dissertation - doktorská práce
doctorate - doktorát
driving lesson - jízdy
dustman - popelář
earning - příjem
editor - redaktor
education - vzdělání
eg. chemistry teacher - učitel např. chemie
employee/employer - zaměstnanec/zaměstnavatel
entrance examination - přijímačky
entrepreneur - podnikatel
environs - okolí, prostředí
espionage - špionáž
estate agent - prodejce nemovitostí
evening classes - večerní škola
expense of - náklady čeho
experience/d - zkušenost/ný
faculty - fakulta
family allowance - rodinné dávky
farewell party - rozlučková párty
farmer - farmář
fire fighters - hasiči
fisherman - rybář
fitness centre - posilka
founder - slévač
geisha - gejša
graduation ball - maturiťák
groundkeeper/caretaker - školník
gymnasium - tělocvičná hala
hair-dresser - kadeřník
hall of residence - vysokoškolská kolej
hay - seno
haystack - kupka sena
headquarters - vedení, ústředí
hospital nurse/male nurse - sestřička/bratříček
chemist - chemik
chief - náčelník, šéf
chiropodist (kiropodyst) - pedikér
in school - ve školních letech
instructor - instruktor
in the field of science - na poli vědy
incapacity benefit - invalidní důchod
interior designer - bytový návrhář
interpersonal skills - komunikační schopnosti
investment - investice
jobless - bez práce
joiner - truhlář
judge - soudce
laboratory - laboratoř
laboratory assistant - laborant
lawyer - právník
leave - dovolená
lecturer - lektor
lenght of studies - délka studií
line of business - druh byznysu
loan - půjčka
locksmith - zámečník
log - poleno, kláda
lumberjack/woodcutter - dřevorubec
make a row - hádat se
manager - ředitel, vedoucí
manual laborer - práce rukama
mark - známka
miner - horník
monastery - klášter
mugger - přepadávač
nanny - chůva
needlework - šití
newsagent - kamelot
nun - jeptiška
nursery school/kindergarten - školka
occupation - zaměstnání
on-the-job training - zaškolení při práci
optional - volitelný
orator - řečník
overtime hours - přesčas
paramedic - záchranář
parent-teacher meeting - třídní schůzky
pharmacist - lékárník
Physical Training - tělocvik
plumber - instalatér
politician - politik
porter - nosič, vrátný
possesion - majetek
postman - pošťák
priest - kněz
principal - ředitel
private property - soukromé vlastnictví
programmer - programátor
promotion - povýšení
psychoterapist - psychoterapeut
qualifications - kvalifikace
rector(CZ)/ president (US)/Vice Chancellor (UK) - rektor
removal man - stěhovák
reunion - setkání po letech
sailor - námořník
salary - plat (např. úřednický)
secondary grammar school - gym
secondary vocational school - učnák
servant - sluha
sex education - sexuální výchova
shareholder - spoluakcionář
shepherd - pastýř
shop assistant - prodavač
scholarship - stipendium
school canteen - školní žrádelna
school of applied art - škola aplikovaného umění
school report, certificate / report card (US) - vysvědčení
school-leaving exam/graduation exam/maturita - maturita
sickness benefit - nemocenská
singer - zpěvák
slide/overhead projector - meotar/digitální projektor
smith - kovář
snack - sváča
social benefit - sociální výhody
specialisation - zaměření
sponge - houba
spy - špión
staff - personál, zaměstnanci
staffroom (stááfrům) - sborovna
stockbroker - makléř
student cafeteria - mensa
subject - předmět
substitute for a colleague - supl
surveyor - zeměměřič
systematical/ly - systematický/y
tailor - krejčí
teach room - kabinet
teacher´s training college - peďák
technical training college - vysoká technická
tertiary education - vysokoškolské vzdělání
thief - zloděj
tightroper - provazochodec
timetable - rozvrh
to attend sth - navštěvovat školu
to be apprenticed to be - být vyučen čím
to be broke - být na mizině
to be detained - být po škole
to be hard up - být ve finanční tísni
to be on strike - stávkovat
to be well-off - být zámožný
to burgle/burglar - krást v bytě/bytový zloděj
to check sth - kontrolovat/opravovat co
to collect/harvest - sklidit
to copy from sbd - opisovat od koho
to defend the dissertation - obhájit doktorskou práci
to dismiss/to give a sack - propustit koho
to dissect sth - pitvat co
to do well at school - být dobrý ve škole
to enroll at a univ - zapsat se na univ
to excel in - excelovat v čem
to go bankrupt - zkrachovat
to gratuate from - vystudovat co
to hold post/position/office - zastávat úřad
to cheat - podvádět
to invest - investovat
to keep sbd in detention - nechat někoho po škole
to pay attention - dávat pozor
to plough - orat/pluh
to practice - cvičit v praxi
to promote sbd - povýšit koho
to requalify - přeškolit
to scold sbd for - zprdnout koho za co
to shirk school - ulejvat se ze školy
to slaughter - porazit
to stimulate - povzbuzovat
to take exams - skládat zkoušky
to work a private person - makat pro soukromníka
to work for a firm - pracovat pro firmu
trade union - odborový svaz
traffic warden - dopravní strážník
truner - soustružník
vicar - farář angl. církve
volunteer - dobrovolník
wage - výplata (např. dělnická)
waiter - číšník
well-paid - dobře placený
widow´s pension - vdovský důchod
workshop - pracovky
year/form - ročník
____________________22_housing_my_flat_______________________
*1*
Arrangement:
- types of houses
- typical look of an English house
- compare living in a flat/house
- compare living in a town/the country
- equipment of rooms
*2*
Vocabulary:
answer-phone machine - záznamník
appliance - přístroj, spotřebič
armchair - křeslo
artificial light - umělé osvětlení
ashtray - popelník
balcony - balkón
banister - zábradlí
bar of soap - mýdlo
basement - suteren
bath - vana
bath towel - ručník
bathroom - koupelna
bedroom - ložnice
bedsheet - prostěradlo
bed-side table - noční stolek
blocks of flats - paneláky
boiler - bojler
bookcase - knihovna
bowl - miska
brick - cihla
bungalow - bungalov
bunkbed - patrová postel
burglar alarm - poplašné zařízení
caretaker/janitor (US) - domovník
ceiling - strop
ceiling light - stropní osvětlení
cellar - sklep
cellar - sklep
central/district heating - ústřední/dálkové vytápění
clockface - ciferník
clothes stand - stojan, věšák
comb - hřeben
cooker - vařič
cooperative house - činžovní dům
corner - roh
corridor - chodba
cosmopolitan - kosmopolitní
cosy - útulný
couch - gauč
cuckoo clock - kukačky
cup/mug - šálek, hrnek
cupboard - kredenc
curtain - záclona
deep freeze - mrazák
deep frier - fritéza
detached house - samotný rodinný domek
dining room - jídelna
dishwasher - myčka
doormat - rohožka
drapery, drapes - závěs/y
drawer - šuplík
electricity - elektřina
entrance - vchod
fireplace - krb
flat - byt/plochý
floor/ground - patro
folding couch/daybed (US) - skládací postel
food processor - kuchyňský robot
fork - vidlička
french windows - okna od podlahy ke stropu
fridge - lednice
frying pan - pánev
furniture/to be furnished - nábytek/být vybaven nábytkem
gaming club/room - herna
garage - garáž
gas, water bill - účet za vodu, plyn
glass - sklenice
groung floor - přízemí
guest - host
hair dryer - fén
host/ess - hostitel/ka
housing association - bytové družstvo
housing estate - sídlák
housing shortage - bytová nouze
chair - židle
chandelier - lustr
chest of drawers - komoda
chimney - komín
in the centre of the town/downtown - v centru
jaccuzi - bublinová koupel
kettle - konvice, kotlík
kitchen - kuchyně
kitchen spoon - normální lžíce
kitchen unit - kuchyňská linka
knife - nůž
lamp (lemp) - lampa
latchkey - klíč od domovních dveří
laundry - prádelna/špinavé prádlo
lift/elevator(US) - výtah
light bulb - žárovka
lino - lino
litter, rubbish, garbage (US) - odpad
living room=alounge - obývací pokoj
lodger - podnájemník
lodgings - podnájem
loft/in the attic - půda/na půdě
loo/toilet/public conveniences - wecko/záchod/veřejné záchodky
luxury - luxus
magazine rack (rek) - zásuvky na časopisy
manor house - rozlehlé sídlo
mansion - venkovské sídlo
matress/mattrace - matrace
mezzanine - mezipatro
microwave oven/oven - mikrovlnná trouba/trouba
mirror - zrcadlo
mixer - mixér
mortgage - hypotéka
mural - nástěnný
neighbour/hood - soused/ství
notice board - nástěnka
oil/coal stove - naftová/uhelná kamna
on the outskirts/uptown - na okraji města
overcrowded - přelidněný, přeplněný lidmi
pantry - spíž
parquets - parkety
phone book - telefonní seznam
pillow - polštář
plate - talíř
plug - zátka, čep/zástrčka
plywood - překližka
pot - hrnec
powerpoint - zásuvka
prefab - panel, byt
prefabricated house/block of flats - panelák
printer - tiskárna
pulley - věšák
push-button entertainment - zábavná elektronika
registration number - číslo popisné
remote controller - dálkový ovladač
removal man - stěhovák
rent - nájemné
rocking chair - houpací židle
rolling pin - váleček
roof(top) - střecha
rubish bin - odpadkový koš
rug - kratší koberec
rural - venkovský
saucepan - rendlík
semi-detached house - domek pro 2 rodiny
shelf - polička
shower corner - sprcha/ sprchový kout
skyscraper - mrakodrap
socket - zásuvka
sofa - pohovka
spare room - místnost pro hosty
staircase - schodiště
step - schod
stool - stolička
structure - budova, struktura
study - pracovna
suburbs - předměstí
table - stůl
tablecloth - ubrus
tea spoon - čajová lžička
tea towel - utěrka
tenant - nájemník
terrace - terasa
terraced house - spojený domek
terry towel - froté ručník
text processor - word
three-storeyed - dvoupatrový
tidy - uklizený, uklízet
to do the laundry - prát špinavé prádlo
to leave the door ajar - nechat dveře dokořán
to make the bed - ustlat postel
to move - stěhovat se
to pull down a building - strhnout budovu
to reside - sídlit
toilet seat - prkénko na záchodě
toothbrush - zubní kartáček
tumble dryer - bubnová sušička
vacuum cleaner/hoover - vysavač
vase - váza
Venetian blinds - žaluzie
villa - vila
waffle iron - formy na vafle
wall unit - nábytková stěna
wallpaper - tapeta
wall-to-wall carpet - koberec přes celou místnost
washbasin/washbowl(US) - umyvadlo
washing machine - pračka
wasted-paper basket - koš na papír, odpadky
wooden spoon - vařečka
workshop - dílna
yard, back yard – dvůr
_____________________________23_Hobbies_sports_and_games___________________
*1*
Arrangement:
-three most typical hobbies in the UK:
DIY
Gardening
Pets
-what can we collect?
-what are young boys´ and girls´ typical hobbies?
-danger hobbies=> experimenting, explosives, beating and bulying, extreme sports, sitting in front of a PC all days...
-difference between sports x games; indoor x outdoor sports; individual and team sports
-examples of winter and summer sports
-sport equipment
-the importance of sports, your opinion, what sport do you like?
*2*
Vocabulary:
acrobatic - akrobatický let
apparatus - cvičebná nářadí
aquatics - vodní sporty
archery - lukostřelba
athletic event (ivent) - atletická disciplína
backstroke swimming - znak
balance beam - provazochodecká tyč
bar - laťka
basket - koš
bat - tenisová pálka
belly flop - placák, skok na placáka
billiards - kulečník
block - blok
boat - člun, loďka
boat house - loděnice, hausbót
boating man - vodák
bob sledge - bob
bobsledging - bobování
body building - formování postavy
breaststroke s. - prsa
butterfly - motýlek
canoe - kánoe
casual clothes - pohodlné, volné, sportovní oblečení
coach - trenér
court - tenisové, volejbalové hřiště
crawl - kraul
crosscountry skiing - běh na lyžích
cue - tágo
curling - curling
curling stone - kámen na curling
darts - šipky
defense - obrana
diving - potápění
diving board/springboard - odrazový můstek
downhill skiing - sjezd na lyžích
fan - fanda/vějíř
fencing - šerm
figure skating - krasobruslení
football - fotbal v UK
football boots - kopačky
free/spare time - volný čas
games - kolektivní sporty (ty sporty, co se hrají v týmech)
goal - branka
goalkeeper - brankář
goggles - sportovní brýle
golf club - golfová hole
hand stand - stoj na rukou
head stand - stojka
helmet - helma
high jump - skok vysoký
hockey stick - hokejka
hoop - obruč
horse race - koňské dostihy
horsewoman - jezdkyně (na koni)
hurdle race - překážkový běh
champion - šampión
ice hockey - lední hokej
ice rink - ledová plocha
jockey - žokej
judo, karate - džudo, karate
kit - souprava
knee-bend - dřep
knee-pad - chránič kolene
lacrosse - lakros
laurel - vavřínový věnec
lawn tennis - tenis na trávníku
leisure activity - odpočinková aktivita
leotard - gymnastický dres
life guard - plavčík
line - lajna
long jump - skok daleký
marathon - maraton
mat - podložka, rohožka
match - zápas
modeling - modelářství
mountaineering - horolezectví
net - síť
nine pins - kuželky
oar - veslo
offense - útok
opponent - oponent
paddle - pádlo, pádlovat
parachute/ist - padák/parašutista
participant - účastník
piked shoes - tretry
pilot - pilot
plimsolls/sneakers - tenisky
pole - hůlka
pole vault - skok o tyči
puck (pak) - puk
push-up - klik
rapids - peřeje
raquet - raketa
Ready-steady-go! - Připravit-pozor-start!
referee - fotbalový rozhodčí
reverse - záloha
rider/driver - jezdec
rings - kruhy
running - běhání
saddle - sedlo
sand - písek
sauna (saune) - sauna
scuba diving - potápění s bombou
servis - podání
shot put - vrh koulí
sit-up - sedleh
skates - brusle
ski jumping - skoky na lyžích
skittle - kuželka
snowboarding - jízda na snowboardu
soccer - fotbal v USA
speedskating - rychlobruslení
spike - hrot, bodec
sport dress - sportovní dres
sport facility - sportoviště, sportovní vybavení
sports - sporty
sprinting - sprint
squash - skvoš
stadium - stadion
stamp book (1st class, 2nd class) - knížka na poštovní známky
starting line - startovní čára
steeplechase - Velká pardubická
symbol of 5 rings - symbol olympijských kruhů
t.: Hammer - vrh kladivem
t.: Javelin - vrh oštěpem
throwing: Harddiscus - vrh diskem
ticket - vstupenka
tie - remíza
to do crosswords - luštit křížovky
to drop to xth place - spadnout na x-té místo
to equalize - dopadnout nerozhodně
to lean forwards - předklonit se
to sail - plachtit se
to toss a coin - hodit si mincí
top-level sportsman - vrcholový sportovec
triple jump - trojskok
trophy - trofej
umpair - rozhodčí u volejbalu, tenisu... (ten, který sedí na vyvýšené sedačce)
walking - chůze
wallbars - žebřiny
warm-up exercises - zahřívací cviky
wax - vosk
weight lifting - zdvihání činek
wire mask - šermířská helma
wrestling (resling) - wrestling
x-metre run/walk - chůze/běh na x metrů
yachting (jótink) - plachtaření
yoga – jóga
__________________________24_travelling_holidays____________________________
*1*
Arrangement:
- differences between travelling by car/bus/train
- advantages and disadvantages of having your own car
- means of transport:
by air: Airplane, chopper/helicopter
by land: Cycling, skateboard, on foot, underground, to ride sth, car, train (dining car, sleeping car...) , bus, motorbike, trike, scooter
by sea: Ferry, submarine, hoovercraft, raft, canoe, speedboat, yacht, windsurf
- description of travelling by plane (buying air ticket, to be there several hours before, use a trolley for luggage, to go to the check-in desk, to check in (passport, ticket), 20 kg suitcase, to receive a boarding card (seat, gate), go through passport control and screening (security check), go to departure lounge (with duty free shops and departure boards - delays..), on a plane=> there are cabin crew - flight attendants=>shows what to do in danger (exits, rescue masks), pilots, you can buy refreshments, must fasten seatbelts, use overhead compartment for hand luggage, should chew a chewing gum, you can buy some newspapers, use air conditioning; you must switch off electronic appliances, mustn ´t smoke, you need to have a landing card somewhere (with a purpose of visit)
- description of my holiday, trip...
*2*
Vocabulary:
aboard - na palubě
abroad - do zahraničí
acommodation - ubytování
air conditioning - větrání
aisle - ulička (v dopr. prostředku)
art capitals - hlavní města umění
automatic car - auto s automatickou převodovkou
B´n´B (bed and brakfast) - penzion s polopenzí
backpack - ruksak
berth - přístaviště/flek/lůžko ve vlaku
boot - bota/kufr u auta
brake - brzda
buffet car - jídelní vůz
camp - tábor, tábořit
capsule - kabina
car-park (UK)/parking lot (US) - parkoviště
carriage - kočár, povoz, vagón
cart - povoz
clutch - spojka
cockpit - kokpit
commuter - dojíždějící
connection - spoj
conveyor belt - posuvná lišta na zavazadla
corner/window seat - okno v rohu/u okénka
cottage/hut - chata
couchette - lehátko ve vlaku
crossing - přechod, přeplav
crossroad - křižovatka
custom official - celník
customs - hraniční přechod
customs inspection - celní kontrola
descent - klesání, pokles
destination - destinace, cíl cesty
door-to-door transport - doprava ode dveří ke dveřím
driving licence - řidičák
duty free shops - hraniční bezdaňové obhody
en-suite room - pokoj s koupelnou
exotic - exotický
express train - express
ferry - trajekt
flight attendant - letuch/letuška
front/rear - přední/zadní
fuel - palivo
fuselage - trup letadla
garbage bin - popelnice
gasoline (US) - benzín
goods - zboží
guest-house - penzion
harbor - přístav
hiking - pěší turistika
hitch&hike - stopovat
chambermaid - pokojská
check-in desk - odbavovací přepážka
cheque for - šek na
in reverse - na zpátečku
inquiry about - dotaz, vyptávat se
jet plane - tryskáč
junction - křižovatka, uzel
leeway - ztráta času/manévrovací prostor
locomotive - lokomotiva
lorry (UK)/truck (US) - náklaďák
lounge - hala
mail van - poštovní náklaďák
motorway (UK)/highway (US) - dálnice
non-smoking compartment - oddělení pro nekuřáky
occupied/vacant - obsazeno/volno
on horseback - na koni
overdue - zpožděný, opožděný
overseas - za moře, do zahraničí
passenger - pasažér
path - stezka, cesta
pedestrian/passer-by - chodec, kolemjdoucí
petrol - benzín
petrol (UK)/gas (US) station - pumpa
public transport - veřejná doprava
rack - police na zavazadla
rails - koleje
railway station - nádraží
return ticket - obousměrná jízdenka
roundabout - kruhový objezd
rush hour - dopravní špička
seat - sedadlo
seatbelts - bezpečnostní pásy
security - bezpečnost
sidecar - sajtkára
sidewalk(US)/pavement(UK) - chodník
single ticket (UK)/one way ticket (US) - jednosměrná jízdenka
slippery - kluzký
slope - převýšení/pokles
souvenir - suvenýr
spare wheel/tyre - náhradní pneumatika
speeding - rychlá jízda
steam - pára
stearing wheel - volant
subway - podchod
suntan - opálení Sluncem
supersonic - nadzvukový
tent - stan
the rear of - záď (např. letadla)
the seaside - moře, u moře
the tube - londýnské metro
ticket collector - průvodčí
timetable - rozvržení
tractor - traktor
to break the speed limit - překročit povolenou rychlost
to bump into sth - narazit do čeho
to cash cheques - proplácet šeky
to commute - dojíždět
to depart - odjet
to fasten - upnout si, zapnout se
to fine, fine - pokutovat, pokuta
to flow - téci/plavit se
to have a puncture - píchnout gumu
to have a skid - dostat smyk
to hold up/got stuck in a traffic jam - zůstat v zácpě
to keep the change - nechat si drobné
to land - přistát
to land up in a ditch - skončit v příkopě
to navigate/navigation - navigovat/navigace
to overlook sth - přehlédnout co
to overtake - předjíždět
to put sbd up - nechat koho přespat
to run sbd over - přejet koho
to set off on a journey - vydat se na cestu
to slope down - svažovat se
to sunbathe - opalovat se
to wander - putovat, bloudit
to wreck - ztroskotat/vrak
tour agency/ tour agent - cestovka/ cestovák
track - trať
traffic jam - dopravní zácpa
traffic lights - pouliční osvětlení
traffic signs - dopravní značky
trail - pěšina
train conductor - strojvůdce
trolley - vozík
tunnel - tunel
under the stars - pod širákem
vacation - prázdniny, dovolená
van - náklaďák
vehicle - vozidlo
visa - vízum
visitor - návštěvník
wagon - vagón
wanderlust - chuť dálek
_______________25_theatre_cinema_TV_radio_music_press_____
*1*
Arrangement:
-description of visiting theatre and of the theatre itself (places to sit: the stalls, dress circle, upper circle, gallery, in the box (for VIPs))
-differences between theatres and cinemas, my personal preference and opinions
-commercials and advertisement
-danger of some programmes (violent films, soap popperas..)
-addiction to TV
-differences between state x private channels, channels in the Czech Republic
-my favourite play and movie, my favourite TV programme, music band...
-how do we divide musical instruments? (wind=>brass/wooden; string, percussion)
-how do we divide newspapers? :
1)Serious=broadsheets - The Times, The Independent, The Guardian
2)Popular=tabloids - The Sun, The Globe
*2*
Vocabulary:
(to) tune - melodie/nápěv/ladit
admission - vstupné
advertisement - inzerce, reklama (v novinách)
album, record - album
allegory - alegorie
allusion to sth - aluze na co
anecdote - anekdota, vtip
animated cartoons - kreslené příběhy
applause - aplaus
article - článek
atlas - atlas
author - autor
backstage - zákulisí
backstage pass - propustka do zákulisí
balet (beljt) - balet
ballad - balada
band/group - skupina
banjo - benžo
bass (guitar) - basa (baskytara)
bow tie/tie - motýlek/kravata
box office hit - kasovní trhák
broadcast - vysílání
bugle - trubka
cable TV - kabelová televize
capo - kapodastr
carol - koleda
cartoon - karikatura, krátký komiksový strip
cast - herecké obsazení
clarinet - klarinet
classic - klasik, klasický
classical/serious music - vážná hudba
clothroom - převlékárna, šatna
colloquial/ism - hovorový/ovost
commercial - reklama (v TV, v rádiu)
communication - komunikace
compilation - kompilace
composer - skladatel
compositor - sazeč
conductor - dirigent
controversial - kontroverzní
cookery/cook (US) - kuchařka
costume - kostým
critic - kritik
crowd scenes - hromadné scény
curtain - opona/záclona
depict/ion - vylíčit/ení
digression - odchylka, odbočka
drum - buben
dubbed film - nadabovaný film
earplug - špunt do uší
edition - vydání
editorial - úvodník
editor-in-chief - šéfredaktor
encyclopedia - encyklopedie
entertainment - zábavné pořady
evening gown - večerní róba
exhibition - výstava
farfisa - farfisa
festival - festival
fiction - krásná literatura
fictitious - fiktivní
first-run film/premiere - premiéra
flute - flétna
folk literature - lidová literatura
foreword - úvodní slovo
frame story - rámcový soubor románů
fret - pražec
frontman - frontmen
furcoat - norkový kožich
gig - koncert, vystoupení
guiro - škrabka
guitar - kytara
harmonium - harmonium
harp - harfa
hit parade - hitparáda
cha cha - čača
chapter - kapitola
chime - zvonkohra, vyzvánění
choir - sbor
chord - akord
chorus - refrén
illegible - nečitelný
in advance - s předstihem, dopředu
interviewer/interviewee - zpovídající/dotazovaný
introduction - úvod
it reads well - čte se to skvěle
It´s worth reading - stojí to za přečtení
journalist - novinář
juvenile literature - knihy pro mladé
liaison - spolupráce
lonely heart´s column - seznamka
lottery - loterie
lullaby - ukolébavka
mass - mše
massmedium/massmedia - masové medium/média
measure - rytmus/míra, rozměr
memoirs - paměti
metaphor - metafora, metaforovat
mixed feelings - smíšené pocity
motif (meutyf) - motiv
musical - opereta
musical instrument - hudební nástroj
narrate/narration/narrator/narrative - vyprávět/ní/ěč/věcí
nickname - přezdívka
novel - román
oboe - hoboj
on TV - v televizi
opera - opera
organ/mouth organ - varhany/harmonika
orchestra - orchestr
paragraph - odstavec
pathos - patos
photographer - fotograf
pipe organ - kostelní varhany
playwright/dramatist - dramatik
plot - zápletka
poet/ry - básník/poezie
printing press - tiskařská dílna, tiskárna
props - rekvizity
publicity - publicita
puppet - loutka
quote/quotation - citovat/citace
reader - korektor
reel - filmový pásek
rehearsal - zkouška
reporter - reportér
rhyme - rým
role - role
rumba - rumba
satellite - satelit
saxophone - saxofón
scenery - scenérie
screen - plátno, obrazovka/odvysílat
scripture/s - skriptum/ta
self-deprecating parody - parodie sama na sebe
serial - seriál
session - shromáždění, sezení
setting - dějiště
shot - záběr
silent film - němý film
single - singl
sitar - sitár
sketch - skica
slow-moving story - pozvolna se odvíjející příběh
song - píseň
spy novel - špionážní román
stage - jeviště
standing ovation - ovace ve stoje
string - struna
stuntman - kaskadér
subtitles - titulky
synthetizer - syntetizér
table of contents - obsah
tale - pohádka
tango - tango
tenor - tenor/znění, smysl
the message - výklad, poselství
title - název
to act - hrát v něčem
to advertise - inzerovat
to applaud sth - nadšeně tleskat čemu
to be called out - být vyvolán na pódium
to be centred on the theme of... - mít ve středu téma čeho
to conclude/sion - shrnout/shrnutí, závěr
to contribute/contribution - věnovat/věnování
to enrich - obohatit
to entitle - nazvat, dát název
to film - filmovat
to give a vivid decription of... - dávat živý popis čeho
to give encores - dávat přídavky
to graduate - stupňovat se
to have an ear for music - mít hudební sluch
to hum - broukat si
to introduce - uvést, zavést
to make no demands - být nenáročný
to portray - zobrazovat, zachycovat
to publish - zveřejnit
to read music - umět noty
to retrospect - vracet se do minulosti
to ring - zvonit, znít
to ring string - brnknout o strunu
to shoot a film - vypustit film
to sing/sang/sung - zpívat
to tell a story - vyprávět příběh
to whistle - pískat, píšťalka
track - nahrávka, píseň
travelogue - cestománie
tremolo - tremolo
trombone - trombón
trumpet - trumpeta
tuner - ladička
typist - písař
un/readable - ne/čtivý
usher/ette - uvaděč/ka
verse - sloka
Viennese waltz - waltz
violin/violoncello - housle/violoncello
waistcoat (veistkout) - vesta k obleku
warning to motorists - dopravní zpravodajství
western – western
_____________dějepis_zeměpis____
(un)disputed - (ne)korunovaný
abbey - opatství
abolition - zrušení
aboriginal people - původní obyvatelstvo
AD - našeho letopočtu
affair - aféra
agitation - agitace
air strike - nálet
ally - spojenec
ancestor (ensestr) - předchůdce
anthracite (entrasajt) - antracit
appointed for life - doživotně jmenován
arid/humid/semi-arid conditions - aridní/humidní/semiaridní podmínky
arsenal - arzenál, zásobárna
banner - prapor
Belgian - Belg
bicameral - dvoukomorový
breack - prolom
bunker - bunkr
but it wasn´t (until) ... that... - ale trvalo (do) ..., než ...
catapult - katapult
citizen - občan
clay - jíl
climate (klajmet) - klima
coastal - pobřežní
column - sloupec
combat - boj
constitutional monarchy - konstituční monarchie
contemporary - současný
coronation - korunovace
Creatia - Kréta
crest - pohoří, horský hřeben
crevice - puklina, štěrbina
dam - přehrada
Dane - Dán
decade - desetiletí
degree - stupeň
depth - hloubka
disarmament - odzbrojení
drained - vyschlý, vysušený
drift - proud
duke - vévoda
dynastic wedding - dynastický sňatek
dynasty - dynastie
earthquake - zemětřas
embassy/embassadant - velvyslanectví/velvyslanec
empress - císařovna
engineering industry - strojní průmysl
establishment - zřízení
excavations - vykopávky
fjord - fjord
foreign affairs - zahraniční věci
founder - zakladatel
founding member - zakládající člen
gang - oddíl, banda, geng
general - generál
geographical position - zeměpisná poloha
gipsy/Romany - Romové
glacial lake - ledovcové jezero
gold rush - zlatá horečka
house - rod (dům, sídlo, firma)
hurricane - hurikán
chilly - ledový, studený
Chinese - čínský
in a row - za sebou
in remembrance of sth - v památku čeho
in the ocean - v oceánu
instability - nestabilita
interior - vnitrozemský
international - mezinárodní
island/isle (ajl) - ostrov
Jew - Žid
kaolin (kejolin) - kaolín
lake district - jezerní oblast
latitude/parallel - rovnoběžka
layer - vrstva
legend - legenda
lignite (lignajt) - lignit
limestone - vápenec
loch - jezero (ve Skotsku)
lowland - nížina
map - mapa
maritime - přímořský
martyr - mučedník
mayor - starosta
megalith/ic - megalit/ický
meridian - poledník
metallurgy - metalurgie
might - moc
mild (majld) climate - mírné klima
mist/y - opar/mlžný
monarchy - monarchie
Mongolia - Mongolsko
moor - blata, vřesoviště
mountain range - pohoří
mudslide/landslide - sesuvy půdy
nation - národ
Norwegian - Nor
on the throne - na trůně
pagan - pohan
paper mills - papírenství
patron saint - svatý patron
peace treaty - mírová smlouva
peak/top/summit - vrchol
peninsula - poloostrov
Pennines - Apeniny
petroleum - ropa, nafta
plantation - plantáž
Pole - Polák
potash - potaš
princess - princezna
protectorate - protektorát
puppet government - loutkový režim
quarry - lom
rank - řada, šik
ration - válečný příděl
refugee - uprchlík
reign of... - vláda koho
republic - republika
rivalry - soupeření, potyčka
rugged - rozeklaný
rumours - ruiny
sandy - písčitý
sea level - hladina moře
sermon - kázání
shelter - kryt
Silesia (sajlízija) - Slezsko
slavery - otroctví
Slovak - Slovák
sovereign - suverénní
Spaniard - Španěl
spot/location - poloha
standing stones - vztyčené kameny
surface - povrch
Swede (swid) - Švéd
tax - daně
temperate - mírný
territory - teritorium
the Allies - spojenci (II.SV)
the Alps - Alpy
the continent - Evropa
the Crimea (krajmíja) - Krym
the English Channel - La Manche
The Gulf Stream - Golfský proud
the indigenous people - pův., domorodí obyvatelé
the Leaning tower - šikmá věž
the Mediterranean Sea - Středozemní moře
the poverty line - hranice chudoby
the Pyrenees (pyrenýs) - Pyreneje
the right of discovery - právo objevitele
the Ukraine - Ukrajina
throne - trůn
ti immigrate/ion - imigrovat/ce
tip - konec, okraj
to assault - přepad, přepadnout/útok
to be beheaded - být sťat
to be rationed - být na příděl
to be vital to sth - klíčový pro...
to bring about a revolution - projít revolucí
to confiscate - konfiskovat
to cover an area - zabírat místo
to crush - zničit, rozdrtit/potlačit
to declare independence - vyhlásit nezávislost
to die out by the sword - vymřít po meči
to discover sth - objevit co
to emigrate/ion - emigrovat/ce
to federate - spojit se, vytvořit federaci
to impoverish - zchudnout
to incorporate - zahrnout, začlenit
to inhabit/inhabitant - osídlit/obyvatel
to map sth - zmapovat co
to stand for in elections - kandidovat na koho
to suppress - potlačit
to take control of sth - převzít kontrolu nad čím
to verge - hraničit s
tornado/es - tornádo/tornáda
treaty - dohoda, smlouva
triumvirate - triumvirát
Turk - Turek
valley (veli) - údolí
volcano/es - sopka/sopky
war over sth - válka o co
withdrawal - ústup
x.century saw ... as ... - xté století našlo koho jako co
Zero meridian - Nultý poledník
zinc – zinek
___________________lidé_lidské_vlastnosti____________
(un)reliable - (ne)spolehlivý
admirable - obdivuhodný
affectation - přetvářka
ambition - ctižádost, ambice
appearance - vzhled, zjev
ardent - vášnivý, zapálený
ashamed - zahanbený
attractive/unattractive - atraktivní/neatraktivní
awful - hnusný
bad habit - zlozvyk
bald - holohlavý
bastard - hajzl, panchart
be fond of gossip - být drbna
beautiful - krásný
beggar - chuďas
bespectacled - obrýlený
blame - vina, hana
bold - troufalý, statečný
bony - kostnatý
bore/dom - nuďas/nuda
brave - odvážný
brilliant - skvělý, inteligentní, vyjímečný
buck teeth - zaječí zuby, hlodáky, předkus
bun - drdol
bustling - kypící
careful - pečlivý
casual - ledabylý, neformální
cautious - opatrný, uvážlivý
cheerful - veselý, rozjařený
classy - vytříbený
closed against - uzavřený před
clumsy - těžkopádný, nemotorný
common sense - selský rozum
composed - složitý
comradeship - kamarádství, soudržnost
conceit - domýšlivost, ješitnost
conceited - domýšlivý, ješitný
conceited - domýšlivý, ješitný
confidence - sebevědomí
consistent - zásadový
contented - spokojený
coolly - bohémsky, machrovsky
cross - mrzutý, nevlídný
cunning - mazanost, lstivost, prohnanost/ mazaný, lstivý, prohnaný
curious about sth - zvědavý na co
custom - národní zvyklost
cynical - cynický
daydreams - snílkovství
desperate - zoufalý
despise - opovrhovat
determined - odhodlaný
dignity - důstojnost
dis/obedient - poslušný
disabled - postižený
dogged - umírněný, zatrpklý
doting - přísný
dutiful - řádný, svědomitý
eager - horlivý, dychtivý
earnest - seriózní, vroucí
eccentric/ity - excentrik/čnost
egoistic - egoistický
elder - postarší, starší
embarrased - ztrapněný
embarrasing - trapný
emotion/al - emoce/ionální
energetic - energický
envy/ious - závist/ivý
excitement - vzrušení
experience/d - zkušenost/ný
famous for sth - slavný pro co
fascinating - fascinující
formal/informal - formální/neformální
foul - hnusný, sprostý
frantic - magor, šílený
frenzy - šílený, nepříčetný
furious - nasraný, rozžhavený doběla
fuss/y - povyk/zmatkář
fussy - tip top
generous - štědrý
glutton - nenasyta, hltoun
good-looking - dobře vypadající
good-natured - dobrosrdečný
graceful - půvabný, jiskrný
grand - velkolepý
grateful - vděčný
greed - hrabivost
grief-stricken - sklíčený
guy/bloke/chap - týpek, chlápek
habit - zvyk
handsome/pretty - hezký/hezká
handy - šikovný, zručný
happiness/happy - veselí/šťastný
hard-working - pracovitý
headlong - po hlavě, horempádem, ukvapený
hilarious - k popukání
homesick - stesk po domově
honest - čestný, poctivý
hospitable - pohostinný
hypocrite/isy/itical - pokrytec/tví/ký
charming - šarmantní
cheeky - drzý
childish - dětinský
im/patient - ne/trpělivý
impertubable - nenechávající se vyrušit
impudent - drzý, nestydatý
in a terrible mood - v příšerné náladě
in/ability - ne/schopnost
in/dependent/ce - ne/závislý/ost
indifferent - nerozlišený, indiferentní
indulgent - vlídný, shovívavý
innocence/innocent - nevina/nevinný
innovative - inovativní
in/sensitive - ne/citlivý
insulted - uražený
interest - zájem, záliba, koníček
interruption - přerušení
ir/resolute - nedůsledný/rázný
irony - ironie
jealous/y of sth - žárlivost/ivý na co
jolly - veselý, radostný
joy - radost
joyful - radostný, zábavný
keen on - nadšený z čeho
killjoy - kazišuk
kind/unkind - hodný/zlý
kind of sbd - hezké od koho
lenient - shovívavý
liar - lhář
light-weight, light-hearted - lehkovážný
likeable - sympatický
loveable - roztomilý
loyal/ty - oddaný/oddanost
marvellous - božský, velkolepý
mellow - vyzrálý
messy - nepořádný
mischievous - nezbedný, rozpustilý
modest/immodest - skromný/neskromný
moral - morální
naive/te - naivní/ita
nasty - nechutný, hnusný
naughty - ošklivý, zlobivý
nerd - ťulpas, podivín, blbeček
neurotic - neurotický
nice - hodný
noiseful - hlučný
numb - otupělý, necitlivý
obsession - posedlost
obstinate/stubborn - paličatý
opinion - názor
outgoing - družný
painful - bolestivý/trapný
peaceful - mírumilovný
perverse - zvrácený
plain - průměrně vypadající, nepříliš hezký
polite/impolite - zdvořilý/nezdvořilý
posh - nóbl
powerful - mocný, silný
prejudice - předsudek
pride - pýcha
prominent - prominentní, význačný
proud of - pyšný na co
punctual - přesný, dochvilný
punctual - puntičkářský
quarrelsome - hádavý, hašteřivý
queer - divný
querulous - nevrlý, mrzoutský
rabid - zuřivý, vzteklý (jako pes)
reckless - bezstarostný, lehkomyslné
reluctant - neochotný, zdráhavý
resent - odpor
resentful - zhnusen
reserved - rezervovaný
respected - respektovaný
responsible for sth - zodpovědný za co
reverend - reverend/ctihodný
ridiculous - směšný
rigid - nepoddajný, nepřizpůsobivý
rude to - hrubý, neslušný, neotesaný na
rugged - drsoň
sanity, in/sane - příčetnost, ne/příčetný
sarcastic - sarkastický
self-centred - sebestředný
selfish/ness - sobecký/kost
self-sacrifice - obětavost
serious - vážný
showy - okázalý
shy - plachý
silent/ce - tichý/ticho
simple manner - přirozené chování
sincere - upřímný
skill/ed - dovednost, zručnost/ný
skinny - vyzáblý, hubený
slovenly - lajdácký, ledabylý
sly - vychytralý, prohnaný
sociable - společenský
social climber - šplhoun
solitary/solitude - osamělý/samota
sophisticated - sečtělý, vzdělaný, oduševnělý
speechless - neschopný slova
spendthift - rozhazovačný člověk
spirit - duch, duše
spleen - splín, melancholie
spoiled - zkažený, rozmazlený
spontaneous - spontánní
steadfast - stálý, pevný, neochvějný
stern - přísný, strohý
stingy - lakomý, skrblivý
strenuous - usilvoný, snaživý
strict - přísný
subtile - jemný, subtilní
superficial - povrchní
sure about - jistý čím
sympathetic - sympatický
talkative - povídavý
tasteful - vkusný
tasteless - bez chuti
teacher´s pet - anální speleolog, rektální alpinista
tender - jemný, křehký
terrible/horrible - příšerný, úděsný
terrified/horrified - vyděšený
thick hair - husté vlasy
timid - plachý, nesmělý
tireless/ly - neúnavný/ně
to be choosy, particular about sth - být vybíravý v čem
to be penniless - být švorc
to boast - chvástat se
to break a habit - zbavit se zlozvyku
to exhaust/ion - vyčerpat/ání
to feel sorry for sbd - cítit soustrast pro koho
to go crazy - zešílet
to have a bad language - mít špatný slovník
to have a sense of humour - mít smysl pro humor
to have taste in sth - mít čich na něco, zálibu
to hesitate/hesitation - váhat/váhání
to humiliate - ponížit
to keep sth in order - udržovat co v pořádku
to neglect sth - zanedbávat co
to terrify/horrify - děsit
touchy - přecitlivělý/ choulostivý (téma)
trusting - důvěřivý
tycoon - mamonář, boháč
un/ambicious - ne/ambiciózní
un/concerned - ne/ustaraný
un/disciplined - ne/disciplinovaný
un/stable - ne/stálý
unscrupulous - bezohledný
ups and downs - dobré a špatné chvilky
upset - naštvaný, rozezlený
vain - ješitný, domýšlivý
verbosity - výmluvnost
vicious - zlomyslný, neřestný
vigorous - silný, energický
violent - prudký
virgin - panna
virtue - čest
virtuous - čestný, ctnostný
wary - obezřetný, podezíravý
weak - slabý
wealthy - zámožný, bohatý
weird (víjrd) - divný, tajuplný
well-behaved - dobře vychován
well-known - známý, slavný
well-read - sečtělý
wicked - zlomyslný, nemravný
wise - moudrý
wise/wisdom - moudrý/moudrost
wit/ty - vtip/vtipný, důvtipný
withdrawn - uzavřený do sebe
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- foreign language proficiency exam
- best foreign language learning programs
- foreign language proficiency test
- foreign language learning apps
- why foreign language is important
- best foreign language programs
- required foreign language argumentative essay
- benefits of studying foreign language
- importance of foreign language education
- easiest foreign language to learn
- foreign language programs for children
- foreign language websites for kids