Hurricane Sandy



Hurricane Case Studies Hurricane SandyEffectsSocial Economic EnvironmentalWhatHurricane sandy was the largest hurricane in the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season Second most costly storm in US historyCategory 3 storm at its peakWinds up to 185km per hourShort term 286 people killed (across all the countries affected)Left 70% of people in Jamaica without powerCaused food shortages in Haiti New York – flooded streets, subway lines and cut power (affected over 8 million people) Shortages of food and water in New York so had to be given out in public places and delivered to elderly residentsPatients had to be evacuated from the New York University Langone Medical Centre Some looting of evacuated buildings after the storm in New York Businesses and shops had to shut down during the storm this meant that many lost revenue and including repair costs the cost to businesses was over 19 billion in New York Water plants disabledSewage discharged as 80 out of 369 sewage treatment plants were damaged in New JerseyDiesel leaked into creeks (Arthur Kill) but was cleaned up by skimmer boatsWhereAffected 24 US states, worst affected were New York and New JerseyJamaica (Kingston)HaitiDominican Republic Puerto RicoThe BahamasCanadaWhenFormed October 22nd 2012Hit USA October 29th 2012Dissipated October 31 2012Long Term 102,000 people’s homes flooded in Long Island New York 200,000 people homeless in Haiti15,000 homeless in the Dominican republic65 billion US dollars’ worth of damage in the USA (68 billion overall countries)6.2 million cubic yards of debris in New Jersey which had to/still has to be cleared. Damaged parks Cause Low pressure system Hurricane Katrina EffectsSocial Economic EnvironmentalWhatHurricane sandy was the largest hurricane in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season Most costly storm in US historyCategory 3 storm Winds up to 175 km per hourShort term 1,833 people killed (across all the countries affected) Power and telephone lines affected in Cuba and 8,000 people evacuatedSeveral bridges destroyed causing transport problems in Louisiana900,000 people lost power in LouisianaMany people missing and fire services had to carry out searchesMany of the dead were left in the street for days before being recovered Crime in New Orleans increased due to the limited Police Force Evacuation process in New Orleans has been criticised for taking too long and the getting aid in was also too slow. Tornado formed from the outer rain band of Katrina and hit part of Florida causing damage (causing Marathon airport $5 million of damage). (62 formed in total)Caused widespread flooding8-10 inches of rain WhereCubaSouth Florida, Mississippi, Alabama etc. CanadaNew Orleans LouisianaWhenFormed August 23rd 2005Hit New Orleans August 29th 2005Dissipated August 30th 2005 Long Term 80% of New Orleans was flooded therefore there was a lot of damage and many people were left homeless90% of towns in Mississippi coastal towns were flooded, this is where the worst property damage happened. Migration of people from affected places population of Louisiana calculated to have dropped by 4.87%105 billion US dollars’ worth of damage Oil supply interruption affecting economy as 30 oil stations were affected in the gulf of Mexico resulting in 24% production loss and their closure for 6 monthsForestry industry affected, loss of 5 billion dollarsFarming jobs affected therefore social impacts as 600,000 people employed in that sector (exceed $150 billion loss) Insurance companies won’t insure some families or businesses anymore1.3 million acres of forest affected Beach erosionLost breeding grounds for many species of wildlife including ducks, fish, turtles…Oil spills caused by hurricane (7 million gallons)Cause Low pressure system Levee system in New Orleans failed Hurricane MitchEffectsSocial Economic EnvironmentalWhatHurricane Mitch was the largest hurricane in the 1998 Atlantic hurricane season (4th most intense ever at the time, now dropped to 7th)Category 5 storm at its peakWinds up to 285 km per hourShort term Total death toll: 18,974 (14,600 in Honduras) – mostly from flooding and mudslides Trees and plants uprooted Large amounts of rainfall caused rivers to overflow WhereHondurasNicaraguaCaribbean islands such as Jamaica and Cayman IslandsCentral America (Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico…)FloridaWhenOctober 22nd 1998Hit Honduras October 29th 1998Dissipated November 9th 1998Long Term Damage to water facilities 1/3 of the buildings in Tegucigalpa, Honduras damaged 35,000 homes destroyed and 50,000 damaged – 1.5 million people homeless (20% of population) Transport damaged Total of 6.8 billion dollars of damage (3.8 in Honduras) 50,000 bovine killed and 60% of fowl population 70% of crops destroyedAgriculture damage cost around 1 billion dollarsFishing industry affected in NicaraguaLagoons and coastlines damagedMangroves destroyed Sewage systems damaged in Nicaragua CauseLow pressure system and a very hot summer meant that the sea was at the right temperature for the hurricane to form Hurricane Andrew EffectsSocial Economic EnvironmentalWhatHurricane Andrew was the largest hurricane in the 1992 Atlantic hurricane season At the time it was the most costliest hurricane in the USA’s history (now 4th after Sandy, Katrina and Ike)Category 5 storm at its peak (only 3 category 5 storms hit the US in the whole of the 20th century) Winds up to 280 km per hourShort term 65 people died (some indirectly)1.4 million people without power150,000 people without telephone connection Congestion and traffic as 9,500 traffic signals destroyed Looting occurred afterwards to damaged homes and shops Streets blocked by fallen trees Strong gusts of wind (222km/hour) and storm surge in the Bahamas Tornados produced as a result of the hurricane Heavy rainfall throughout the state of FloridaRiver flooding in Louisiana WhereBahamas FloridaLouisianaWhenFormed August 16th 1992Hit USA August 24th 1992 Dissipated August 28th 1992Long Term 177,000 people homeless (36,000 homes destroyed)31 schools affected3,300 miles of power lines affected 3,000 water mains affectedMobile homes also destroyed (almost all of them)$26.5 billion dollars damage 82,000 businesses damaged Farming industry affected (soybean and sugar crops)Damage to fishing industry ($266 million) due to upwelling killing 187 million fish 32,900 acres of farmland affected National Parks in the area affected – 25% of trees damaged 20 million cubic yards of debris to clean up Cause Low pressure system Cyclone NargisEffectsSocial Economic EnvironmentalWhatRare eastward moving cyclone Worst natural disaster in history recorded in Myanmar (second deadliest cyclone ever recorded possibly) Category 4 storm Winds up to 165 km per hourShort term At least 138,000 causalities (official death toll unreported by government – stopped reporting after this to minimize political fallout) Many people missing, some people were washed out to sea, buried or decayed and never found. Aid was only received after a few days when India’s request was accepted 1.5 million people severely affected (estimate) 5 areas officially disaster zonesState television made it look like the military had provided the aid instead of international sources Businesses and markets closed WhereMyanmar (hit densely populated area of Irrawaddy delta) Western Bay of Bengal WhenFormed April 23rd 2008Hit Myanmar May 2nd 2008 Dissipated May 3rd 2008 Long Term Thought to have been more deaths from disease and lack of relief effortsMillions homeless (estimates 2-3 million) Thousands of buildings destroyed (reported 95% in Irrawaddy Delta)Lots of temples destroyed, this has a big effect as religion is a big part of the culture Ruined rice crop led to shortages in food and famine Carried on with scheduled referendum even after disaster Damages estimated to cost K62,988,000,000 (US$10 billion)Ruined rice crop meant economy affected and food prices rose by two or threefold Waste pipes burst ruining landscape and crops Cause Low pressure system Political corruption meant aid was unable to get through, the military junta particular refused aid from the USA. India warned of the cyclone 48 hours before, this was ignored China suffered a massive earthquake (Sichuan) 10 days afterwards – worst in China’s history meaning aid efforts were spilt. After a week only 1 in 10 people affected had received aid and only 25% after 2 weeks Visas weren’t granted to relief volunteers Typhoon Haiyan (researched 28/11/2013 – try again when there is more information) EffectsSocial Economic EnvironmentalWhatDeadliest Pilipino Typhoon on record Strongest storm recorded at landfall4th strongest ever recorded in terms of wind speed (230km/hour)Category 5 super typhoon Short term Death toll at least 5,560 (sources vary between 2,500 and 10,000)22,000 people missing No mobile phone coverage afterwards No power for some areas (may have no power for up to a month)Lack of access to clean water (some pipes were dug up by residents)Escaped prisoners from prison Ormoc city also badly affected, but there was a fear that they would be without aid as Tacloban was worse affected, 2,000 injured in Ormoc and hospitals shut or working at partial capacity. Looting occurred due to lack of aid being received in some areas, aid trucks and fuel stations were also attacked New people’s army (communist) ambushed relief convoy killing two people. Ferries affectedAirports closed 281.9mm of rainfall recorded, which feel in under 12 hours Storm surges measured 5 to 6 metresTrees blown over Flooding extended for 1km inland Landslides Flash floods WherePhilippinesMicronesiaSouthern ChinaVietnam WhenFormed November 3rd 2013Hit Philippines November 8th 2013Dissipated November 11th 2013Long Term 11 million people affected and many have been left homelessCities and towns largely destroyed in the Leyte and Samar islands Some areas completely washed away (90% of Tacloban estimated to have been destroyed)Damage $1.41 billion USD (30.6 million has been allocated by the government to relief)Tacloban airport destroyed Mud and debris needed to be cleared up Cause Originated from an area of low pressure Worsened by the fact that part of the Philippines affected was hit by a 7.2 earthquake two weeks before. ................
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