The Giant Timeline of Crime and Punishment from 1800 to 1965



The Giant Timeline of Crime and Punishment from 1800 to 1965!

Task:

• Examine the information below and categorise them into developments to do with

A) Crime and B) Prevention C) Punishment

• Then create a giant timeline of these events by cutting them and placing them in order.

|1777 John Howard writes a book called ‘The States of |In 1808 a law is passed which bans the death |From 1950 onwards there was a steady increase |

|Prisons in England and Wales’ where he says prisons are in|penalty from being used for pickpocketing |in the amount of crime committed. The increase |

|need of reform. | |in crime is often attributed to the fact that |

| | |far more methods of recording crime are |

| | |available in C20. Changes in society have also |

| | |affected the type of crime committed: computer |

| | |crime/ car crime/ terrorism. |

|In 1823 the Gaol Act is passed which says that prisons |From 1901 the discovery of blood groups and |1933 the age of criminal responsibility was |

|should be healthy and that men and women should be kept |fingerprinting helped to identify criminals |raised to 8 |

|separate. |more easily | |

|In 1829 Sir Robert Peel sets up the Metropolitan Police |In 1872 the use of Stocks as a punishment is |Up to 1940 the recorded crime rate in Britain |

|Force |stopped. |fell |

|From the 1930’s the 999 system was introduced. |By 1840 only 5 crimes are punishable by public |1948 detention centres were set up to give a |

| |hanging |‘short sharp shock’ sentences to juveniles |

|In the 1850’s the ‘Separate System’ was introduced in |In 1963 the age of criminal responsibility was |In 1853 Brixton Prison opens soley for women. |

|which criminals were kept in solitary confinement as a |raised to 10.. | |

|punishment. | | |

| |1837 Queen Victoria becomes Queen |From the 1960’s the use of the motor car to |

| | |conduct high speed changes helped police. |

|In 1842 the famous Pentonville Prison opens which trials |In 1833 the first prison inspectors were |In 1835 Police forces are allowed to set up |

|the new forms of punishment. |appointed by the government |their own forces in towns |

|In 1857 the government stops using hulks-old sailing |In 1870 Police Helmets are introduced for the |In 1856 the government passed a law saying |

|ships- as prisons |first time. |every town must have a police force. |

| | | |

| | | |

|By 1868 Transportation ends as a punishment for men. |Since 1945 the work of the police has become |Capital punishment was abolished in 1965 |

| |specialised into groups such as the anti-fraud | |

| |squad. | |

|The introduction of a probation service (1907) helped to |In 1800 75% of all crimes are ‘petty theft’ |From 1922-47 Alexander Patterson played a key |

|reduce prison population | |part in bringing reforms to prisons. He argued |

| | |that prisons were a punishment in themselves |

| | |and prisoners should not be punished inside |

| | |them. Instead prisons were seen as a place to |

| | |educate the criminal so that he would leave |

| | |with skills with which to enter society. |

| | |Emphasis was put on reform not punishment. |

|In 1832 The Reform Ac give Middle Class men the right to |1900 Borstals for juvenile offenders as an |In 1852 Transportation is ended as a punishment|

|vote |alternative to prison |for female prisoners |

|In 1818 the Treadmill is introduced as a way of getting |In 1865 Male Prisoners to spend at least 3 |In 1914 anyone needing more time to pay fines |

|prisoners to grind wheat or corn as useful work in prison.|months of their sentences on a treadmill or a |was given it rather than being sent to prison. |

| |crank. | |

|In 1820 a law is passed banning the flogging of women in |From 1947 onwards the prison population rose |In 1787 the first Transportation fleet to |

|prison |due to increase in sentence length, numbers in |Australia takes place. |

| |prison awaiting trial and numbers of prisoners | |

| |getting put away for different crimes. Reform | |

| |then took a back seat as money was short. | |

| |Conditions in prisons got worse. The government| |

| |had to build more prisons | |

|In 1864 the Penal Servitude Act brings in tougher |In 1878 all prisons were then controlled by the|By 1900 only two crimes – murder and treason – |

|sentences and punishment in prison due to increasing crime|Government |can now be punished by hanging. |

|rate. | | |

|In 1820 the last prisoner sentenced to execution by |In 1798 The Thames River Police are set up |In 1842 the first plain clothed detectives are |

|beheading is killed. | |set up at Scotland Yard |

|In 1867 prisoners on trial for felony can call a witness |In 1838 Parkhurst Prison is opened which is for|By 1815 Gaolers are paid by the govt and no |

|for the first time. |young offenders to be kept separate from |longer have to rely on what they get from |

| |hardened criminals. |prisoners. |

|In 1871 the Prevention of crime act introduced compulsory |In 1815 Elizabeth Fry begins working on prison |In 1819 in Manchester soldiers kill protestors.|

|photography for all offenders |reform for women | |

|In the 1850’s the ‘Silent System’ is introduced where |In 1868 the last public execution of hanging |IN 1811 a group of protestors called the |

|prisoners can mix but only in absolute silence. |takes place. |Luddites try to destroy new machinery which is |

| | |threatening their jobs. |

|1898 – A prisoner on trial for felony is allowed to give |In 1853 Reformatory Schools are set up for |By 1877 all prisons become HMS – controlled by |

|sworn evidence for the first time. |children to stop them committing a crime and |govt. |

| |give them skills. | |

|By 1869 you could no longer be sent to prison for not |In 1834 a group of famr labourers called the |In 1836 prisoners on trial for felony are |

|paying your debts. |Tolpuddle Martyrs are transported to Australia |allowed a defence lawyer for first time. |

| |for life because of protesting against low | |

| |wages. | |

|By 1824 the Justice of the Peace are made responsible for |1847 Young people under 16 were to be tried in |In 1830-31 Farmworkers put out of work by new |

|managing County Gaols. |a special court. |machines protest by wrecking them and burning |

| | |haystacks. |

| | | |

|In 1831 the House of Lords blocks a bill which would have |By 1837 the Pillory is no longer used as a |In 1869 the Habitual Criminals Act set up the |

|given the vote to many more men leading to riots across |punishment. |ticket of leave which meant once prisoners had |

|the country. | |left they has to prove they had got a job. |

| |1855 the trial and execution of Ruth Ellis – | |

| |the last woman to be hanged in Britain | |

| | |1953 – the execution of Derek Bentley for |

| | |murder of a policeman although he did not |

| | |commit the crime but he was with a person who |

| | |did and was under 18. |

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