First Exam: HI120T - Kirkwood



Europe in the Age of Revolution:

The Scientific Revolution

(Fall 2006)

First Exam: HI120T Dr. Robinson Yost

Please Read: Be sure to label each section. Do not merely collect & list specific facts (ant) or spin a web of vague, unsupported generalizations (spider). Use specific details & examples from class & readings to support your arguments with evidence (bee). DEMONSTRATE that you have READ THE BOOK. Use your time wisely so that you COMPLETE ALL SECTIONS of the exam. This is an opportunity to show what you have learned. Good luck!

I. Identifications (20 pts.) Choose TWO (10 minutes)

Identifications should include the following: who, what, when, where, and, MOST IMPORTANTLY, the historical significance/context. You should write at least half a page for each ID. Write in complete sentences & paragraphs.

Glorious Revolution The Fronde stellar parallax

Oliver Cromwell Pietism classicism

Versailles mercantilism Philip II

Peace of Westphalia rococo style De fabrica

II. Quotations (10 pts.) Choose ONE (5 minutes)

Quotations should include the following: who, what, when, where, and, MOST IMPORTANTLY, the historical significance/context. Do not merely summarize or re-state the quote. You should write at least half a page.

1) If everyone is eating from the same dish, you should take care not to put your hand into it before those of higher rank have done so . . . Formerly one was permitted . . . to dip one’s bread into the sauce, provided only that one had not already bitten it. Nowadays that would be a kind of rusticity . . .

2) I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life; so that with the loathsomeness of the stench and crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat, nor I had the least desire to taste anything. I now wished for the last friend, death, to relieve me . . .

3) During the time men live without a common Power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called Warre; and such a warre, as is of every man, against every man . . . And the life of man, solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short. The only way to erect such a Common Power . . . is to conferre all their power and strength upon one Man, or upon one Assembly of men, that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one Will . . .

4) The troubles that had taken place there [in Paris] during the minority made him regard the place as dangerous; he wished, too, to render himself venerable by hiding himself from the eyes of the multitude . . . He liked splendor, magnificence, and profusion in everything: you pleased him if you shone through the brilliancy of your houses, your clothes, your table, your equipages. Thus a taste for extravagance and luxury was disseminated through all classes of society . . .

5) We ordain, that the Catholick Religion shall be restored and re-established in all places, and quarters of this Kingdom and Countrey under our obedience, and where the exercise of the same hath been intermitted, to be there again, peaceably and freely exercised without any trouble or impediment . . . And not to leave any occasion of trouble and difference among our Subjects, we have permitted and do permit to those of the Reformed Religion, to live and dwell in all the Cities and places of this our Kingdom and Countreys under our obedience, without being inquired after, vexed, molested, or compelled to do any thing in Religion, contrary to their Conscience . . .

III. Essay (70 pts.) Choose ONE (35-40 minutes)

A. Using the quote below as a starting point, write a concise, coherent essay discussing the “Scientific Revolution” (ca. 1500-1700).

Renaissance humanists sought a restoration of ancient literary and artistic forms . . . The return to antiquity was seen by many as marking the beginning of a new age . . . When, in the course of the seventeenth century, the new science (or, more exactly, the new natural philosophy) came in for appraisal, that appraisal was powerfully shaped by Renaissance humanism.

Address the following in your essay:

● Do you agree or disagree with quote? Justify your position with specific evidence & explanations. [NOTE: Don't use "I" in your response.]

● What changes (ca. 1500 to 1700) in astronomy, physics, anatomy, and other areas were MOST influenced by humanism? Justify your choices.

● How does your evidence CONNECT to the quotation? Be explicit in connecting your discussion to the quotation.

Be sure to consider historical context in your essay (in other words, write about history NOT the present). Demonstrate that you understand material from both class AND readings.

B. Using the quotation below as a starting point, write a concise, coherent essay discussing the “Scientific Revolution” (ca. 1500-1700).

In one sense, the Scientific Revolution was not a revolution. It was not characterized by the explosive change and rapid overthrow of traditional authority that we normally associate with the word ‘revolution.’ The Scientific Revolution did overturn centuries of authority, but only in a gradual and piecemeal fashion. Nevertheless, its results were truly revolutionary.

The essay should address the following:

● Do you agree or disagree with this quote? Justify your position with specific historical evidence from the period (ca. 1500-1700). [NOTE: Don't use "I" in your response.]

● Who were the MOST important individuals? What were the MOST revolutionary changes in science during this period? Justify your choices.

● How does your evidence CONNECT to the quotation? Be explicit in connecting your discussion to the quotation.

Be sure to consider historical context in your essay (in other words, write about history NOT the present).

Demonstrate that you understand material from both class AND readings.

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