MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY



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Pharmacy Technician

Syllabus

School year

2011-2012

Lisa M. Carrigan, RN

Instructor

PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY

ACTIVITY/COURSE CODE: 5570

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

Pharmacy Technology is designed to train pharmacy technicians to pass the Pharmacy Technician Certifying Board examination. A practicing pharmacist has developed the curriculum. The program includes 90 classroom hours plus 60 homework hours for a total of 150 hours. The American Council of Pharmaceutical Education accredits the program.

The CD-ROM format serves as the students’ text and workbook. The interactive multimedia training uses Internet access, on-line testing, scoring, and monitoring. Teachers can monitor students’ progress via Internet. Students work at their own pace and teachers determine when exams are taken. The cost of the CD for the students is $255 each. The course is as a stand-alone course and an independent study. More information can be found at

General Requirements:

This course is recommended for students in grade 12 who are scheduled to graduate at the conclusion of the year in which training is begun. Eligibility to register for the Pharmacy Technician Certifying Board examination requires a high school diploma.

CREDIT: 1 unit high school credit

RESOURCES:

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COURSE OVERVIEW: This course is a self-paced course delivered through the use of varied computer-based technologies and project-based assignments.

COURSE COMPETENCIES

STANDARD 1

ORIENTATION

In the Orientation section, students are introduced to basic terms and definitions, the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB), and the PTCB exam. PTCB recertification details and easy-to-follow steps for maintaining certification are provided. Each subsection is supplemented with a Windows help file accessible at any time from the CD Drive.

Certification, Licensure, and Registration

• Review of important basic terms and definitions.

The PTCB and the Certification Exam

• Review of the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board, its founding members, and purpose.

• The PTCB certification examination structure, time allowed for exam, and broad topic content is also included.

Recertification

• Details the processes needed to maintain certification.

• Contact information and requirements for recertification are provided.

FEDERAL LAW

From Food and Drug Administration laws to the Poison Prevention Act, federal laws that have guided pharmacy are presented. In this section, the method used to determine a valid DEA number is reviewed. Because state and local laws vary greatly, it is not practical for this product to cover them. The PTCB exam covers only federal law.

Pharmacy Law and Time

• Review of laws that affect the pharmacy industry, when they were enacted, and their importance.

Federal Law and Drugs

• Evaluation of the Controlled Substance Act of 1970, which regulates the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled substances based on abuse potential.

Rules for Controlled Substance Prescriptions

• Outlines filing procedures and record maintenance in accordance with state and federal laws.

• Also covers drug substitution requirements.

DEA Number Verification

• Review of how a doctor's DEA number is determined and its purpose.

• An interactive display gives the student instructions on how to determine if a DEA number is valid.

Schedule II Drugs

• Review of storage requirements for Schedule II Drugs.

Investigational Drugs

• Explanation of the four phases of investigational drugs.

STANDARD 2

MEDICATION REVIEW

In this section, the pharmacy technician is introduced to pharmacology. The study guide focuses on maintaining the proper instructional level for a pharmacy technician. Various types of drugs, prescriptions, medication dosage forms, and medical devices are reviewed. Drug interactions in the human body's major systems, such as the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and cardiovascular system are evaluated. The study concentrates on commonly used drug classes that would be of most concern for the Pharmacy Technician.

Doses and Terminology

• Review of pharmacology terms.

• In-depth review of various types of medication dosages, such as tablets, caplets, liquids, creams, emulsions, etc.

• Description of various administration devices for certain medications and dosages.

Central Nervous System

• Medication review of drugs that affect the central nervous system (CNS).

• Includes drug interactions and the mechanism of action.

• Components of the CNS are briefly covered.

Peripheral Nervous System

• Medication review of drugs that affect the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

• Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.

• Components of the PNS are briefly covered.

Hormones

• Medication review of hormonal drugs, which are classified as those that significantly influence emotions and quality of life.

• Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.

• Local and systemic hormone uses are studied.

• All male and female hormones are reviewed.

Cardiovascular Drugs

• Medication review of drugs that affect the cardiovascular system.

• Includes basic terms & definitions, drug interactions, mechanism of action and manufacturer named drugs.

• Components of the cardiovascular system are briefly presented.

Renal Drugs

• Medication review of drugs that affect the renal system.

• Includes basic definitions, drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.

• Components of the renal system are briefly presented.

Anti-Infectant Drugs

• Medication review of drugs classified as anti-infectants.

• Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, manufacturer-named drugs, anti-infectant drug classes and typical treatment regimes.

• Therapeutic classes used in the treatment of infections are reviewed.

Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs

• Medication review of chemotherapy drugs.

• Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer named drugs.

• Therapeutic classes used in the treatment of cancer are detailed.

• Personnel safety and safe handling procedures for these dangerous agents are presented.

Blood and Blood Formation

• Medication review of blood and blood formation drugs.

• Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.

• Basic definition referencing to blood and blood formation abnormalities are detailed.

Vitamins

• A medication review of vitamins.

• Includes drug interactions, mechanism of action, and manufacturer-named drugs.

• An illustrated study aid helps students remember which vitamins are fat-soluble and which are water-soluble.

STANDARD 3

ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES

In this section, students briefly review preparation procedures for parenteral products. Pictures taken during the preparation of different sterile products are used to illustrate various topics. Laminar and horizontal airflow hoods are explained through the use of pictures and diagrams. Devices used in the preparation of sterile products are illustrated. Students will learn the basics of aseptic techniques with emphasis on possible testing topics.

Definitions

• The definitions module explores basic terminology and environmental contamination concerns in performing aseptic techniques procedures.

• Laminar airflow hoods, air filtration systems, and inspection requirements are highlighted

• Vertical airflow hoods and biological safety cabinets are reviewed.

Syringes

• The components of a syringe are illustrated and reviewed.

• Various types of syringes are graphically illustrated.

• The components of needle assembly and how the size (gauge) of a needle is determined are graphically illustrated.

Parenteral

• A high-level review of various injection types.

• Includes uses of parenteral routes and the four most widely used parenteral routes.

• Intravenous injection types and widely used parenteral fluids are illustrated.

• This module prepares the student for review of sterile compounding.

Techniques of Sterile Compounding

• Broad overview of skills needed to perform sterile compounding.

• Tips for avoiding contamination while using a Laminar airflow hood, and various procedures that assure successful sterile product mixing are provided.

• Examples include filling a syringe, breaking an ampule, reconstituting a sterile powder, injecting liquids into a plastic IV bag,

• Introducing liquids into a glass intravenous bottle, and many more necessary aseptic techniques.

Solutions

• Irrigation solutions, parenteral solutions, and TPNs are highlighted.

Parenteral Antineoplastic Agents

• A general overview of preparation and the safe handling of antineoplastic agents used in the treatment of cancer. Emphasis on employee safety and safe procedures for handling these dangerous agents.

Stability Considerations for Parenteral Products

• Parenteral Products have special stability concerns; information on various types of reference materials is included in this section. The steps of a Parenteral Admixture Order are illustrated. Details steps from receiving the order to delivering to the patient.

STANDARD 4

CALCULATIONS

Pharmacy calculations are an essential function of the pharmacy technician. The PTTP's calculation section provides a refresher path through aspects of pharmacy mathematics. Many examples are calculated using different methods, providing the student a choice for calculating pharmacy math problems that best suits his or her needs. Calculations are performed actively with a timed audio presentation.

Metric Measurements

• Audio, charts, graphic illustrations, and text help files are provide the student with knowledge and reference tables for use in performing various conversions.

• Units of measurement in the Metric, Avoirdupois, and Apothecary systems are reviewed.

Abbreviations

• The pharmacy industry exists in a world of abbreviations.

• Abbreviations used in prescriptions are reviewed in detail, with emphasis on abbreviations that are often misinterpreted.

• Reference listing of pharmacy abbreviations is included.

Roman Numerals

• The eight primary roman numerals are illustrated, with emphasis on rules for adding and subtracting

• Roman numerals are widely used in pharmacy.

Fractions, Decimals, & Percentages

• In this section, basic fraction, decimal, and percentage calculations are reviewed.

• The intensive use of 'motion graphics' supports the audio-driven lesson.

• A thorough understanding of this content will give the student a basis for mastering the remaining calculations topics.

Temperature Conversions

• Two widely used methods for temperature conversions between Fahrenheit to Centigrade are illustrated.

• The audio-driven lesson uses 'graphics in motion' to provide clear examples of typical pharmacy temperature conversions.

Ratios

• In the pharmaceutical field, ratios are used to provide a means for reducing or enlarging chemical mixtures.

• Procedures for determining the proper amount of solution to mix with drug active ingredient(s) are detailed.

Quantities, Dilutions, and Concentrations

• A review of measurement for drug and expressions of quantity and concentration for drug products.

• Illustrates methods of determining quantities of ingredients and concentrations of drugs when preparing or dispensing drug products.

Dosage Regimen

• Methods of expressing doses and dosage regimens.

• Students will learn to calculate the amount of drug product to dispense, or the number of days' supply from a dosage regimen.

• Emphasizes learning methods to calculate doses for pediatric patients.

IV Flow Rates

• The student will learn to determine the flow rate of an IV solution when given the total volume, total time of administration, and the drops delivered per ml.

Powder Volumes

• How to calculate powder volume and use this information in reconstituting dry powders for suspension or solution.

Pricing

• Pricing methods support the needs of the pharmacy as a business enterprise.

• PTTP’s study guide will provide a review of various pricing methods used in retail pharmacy.

STANDARD 5

PHARMACY OPERATIONS

Pharmacy operations are at the core of the pharmacy technician’s responsibilities. This section covers day-to-day operations; interactions with customers; patient records maintenance; inventory controls management; and state, federal, and local requirements. The program includes an overview of insurance claims and third party reimbursement.

Basic Facts

• The pharmacy technician will need to be familiar with drug nomenclature.

• The three names given to each drug are reviewed.

• NDC codes, mnemonic codes, and the importance of understanding different expiration date formats are discussed and illustrated.

• Various drug containers are illustrated.

• The different types of container closures and uses for each are reviewed.

Assisting the Pharmacist

• Outlines acceptable medication prescribers, how prescriptions can be transmitted to a pharmacy, and specific requirements for certain classes of drugs.

• Outlines required information for prescription and the process for patient refills is given.

General Prescription Duties

• Maintaining an accurate patient profile is crucial in providing medication to a patient.

• A well-maintained patient profile can prevent improper dispensing of medication and adverse effects for medication.

• Details of what should be collected for a proper patient profile are illustrated.

• Formularies, measuring and counting techniques, compounding and the different classes of balances are discussed.

Medication Distribution and Inventory Control

• Definitions of key terms used in inventory management are provided.

• Ordering techniques and the proper receiving process of ordered items is reviewed.

• Expired or discontinued stock processes and drug recall issues are illustrated.

Third Party Reimbursement

• Knowledge of "Third Party" reimbursement is an ever-changing environment.

• A general overview of processes used for reimbursement and different payment plans currently offered is illustrated.

• Formularies and generics are reviewed.

Grading Scale

A - 100 – 93

B - 92 – 85

C - 84 – 77

D - 76 – 70

F - 69 – 0

Each section of the curriculum contains quizzes and a section test. The section tests will be required to be completed multiple times. The questions from the section tests are obtained from a large database of questions. Students will see different questions each time he/she takes the test. Repeated testing allows the student to see more and more questions. This helps to provide the student with great exposure to possible questions on the PTCB (Pharmacy Technician Certification Board) test. Repeated testing also ensures mastery of the concepts.

Section Tests/Projects: 80%

Final Exam: 20% of the final grade

For example: [ { 1st term * 2 }+ {2nd term * 2}+ Final exam ]/5 = Final grade

[85+85+92+92+87]/5 = 88.2

All students are responsible for attaining course competencies by completing the following requirements:

1. Use of computer program, the section quizzes, section tests, tutored exam and final exam

2. Complete assigned projects/homework/class work.

Costs Involved in Pharmacy Technology

• Purchase of PassAssured CD - $255.00

• Notebook/Binder and paper

• Fees associated with taking PTCB (see )

Course Requirements

Students are responsible for attaining competencies through completion of the following course requirements:

1. Attendance (as per District #3 policy)

a. This is an online course with independent student unless the student is scheduled to be present at ATC for class (varies with each student).

b. Attendance is not kept.

2. Participation in on-line curriculum and assessment

3. Completion of section quizzes, tests and exams

4. Completion of any assigned individual projects

5. Maintenance of Academic Honesty (Any student caught cheating or involved in any other academic dishonesty will be given a grade of zero and will be subject to further disciplinary action.)

Projects/Internet Research/Exam

Projects will be assigned related to research in Pharmacy Technology. Due dates will be established. Students must complete all required assignments by the designated due dates, with particular attention paid to the end dates of terms. Once terms have ended, students will not be allowed to submit work for the assignments during that term.

Final Exam will be comprehensive and will include knowledge and application questions.

Required Supplies

1. 3-ring binder

2. Paper

3. Blue or black pen or pencil (no red, green, yellow, etc. pens to be used for assignments except as appropriate for projects).

4. Computer headphones

5. PassAssured CD

Emergency Procedures

Emergency evacuation procedures are posted in the classroom near the entrance door. Fire extinguishers are located near the exit.

Classroom Rules (If assigned to attend ATC)

1. Participate in classroom activities.

2. Class lab time is expected to be spent in lab work and projects. This is not free time. Attendance and concerted work effort on assignments are required. Work at home will be required in addition to work during lab time (work at home should not substitute for work during lab periods).

3. Internet usage is limited to classroom assignments. Any other use must be approved in advance by the instructor.

4. Cell phones, iPods and MP3 players may be used inside the class. The Applied Technology Center is not responsible for electronic devices brought to ATC and lost or stolen.

5. Food and beverages at not permitted in the classroom. This includes plate lunches, drinks, candy, etc. whether open or not.

6. Maintain all your hard copies within your own 3-ring binder. You are responsible for submitting all work in the appropriate box and retaining any returned work should it be necessary to validate completion of your work. The instructor will not be responsible for storing student work.

7. Your ideas, comments, suggestions, questions, grade challenges, etc. are welcome. Your discretion in these matters is expected. These matters should be addressed in a respectful, mature manner.

8. Be present and on time, prepared each day to gain as much knowledge as you possibly can.

Finally…..

For most students this will not be a difficult course. It will require diligence and hard work on your part. It will require time management and self-motivation as most of this course will be self-directed. The instructor will act as a facilitator and resource. Students will be expected to complete all work assigned and plan their time accordingly. Your success in this course will greatly depend on your efforts.

I wish you much success!!

Lisa Carrigan, RN, Instructor – Health Science (Pharmacy Technology, Medical Terminology, Patient Care Relations)

Pharmacy Technology

STUDENT INFORMATION

Full Name _________________________________ Age ______ Date of Birth _____________

Address ___________________________________ Home Phone ______________________

City, State, Zip _______________________________________________________________

Email Address _______________________________________________________________

Home School __________________ Grade __________ Homeroom Teacher _____________

Career Objective ______________________________________________________________

Computer Experience __________________________________________________________

Parent/Guardian Name _________________________________ Relationship _____________

Parent/Guardian Work Phone __________________ Place of Business ___________________

Parent/Guardian Email Address ___________________________________________________

Emergency Phone # _________________________ Cell Phone ________________________

Statement of Responsibility:

As a student in Pharmacy Technology at Applied Technology Center, I understand that I am responsible for maintaining the integrity of all the equipment and software in this class. I understand that any damaged equipment/software that results from improper handling, negligence or other inappropriate behavior will be replaced at my expense. I also understand that inappropriate use of the Internet may result in loss of use privileges. This includes, but is not limited to unauthorized downloading of software, configuration changes, use of chat lines, violation of copyright laws and other misuse of school computers and Internet.

______________________________________ ____________________________

Student Signature Date

______________________________________ ____________________________

Parent/Guardian Signature Date

*Passwords and usernames will be chosen by the student but will be made available to instructor and parent/guardian.

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