Class Presentation Questions CH 22 Plant Diversity



Class Presentation Questions CH 22 Plant Diversity

22-1 Introduction To Plants

1. Plants are ______________, ___________________, that have cell walls made of _______________. They develop from __________________ embryos and carry out ___________________ using the green pigments __________________ & _________.

2. Most plants are _______________________. Few are ___________________ or ________________ that live on decaying material.

3. Plants such as ___________ & ________________ require water to ____________________.

4. ______________ plants have reproductive cycles that can be carried out without water.

5. What are the five main needs of plants?

6. Plants use the energy of _________________ to carry out ____________________.

7. ___________________ are photosynthetic organs and are typically ____________ & ______________ and are arranged on a stem in a way that maximizes _____________________________.

8. _____________ is one of the raw materials needed by a plant for photosynthesis, & it is used up more quickly on a sunny day.

9. Plants get the water they need from the ____________. They also absorb _______________ needed for plant growth.

10. Plants can lose water while exchanging ___________ with the atmosphere.

11. Plants take up ________________ & _________________ through their roots but make food in their __________________.

12. From the pie chart on page 555 figure 22-7…Which plants are the most numerous? Which are the least numerous?

22-2 Bryphytes

1. ________________ and their relatives are generally called bryophytes.

2. Bryophytes DO NOT have _______________________(a specialized tissue that conducts water & nutrients).

3. Bryophytes have life cycles that depend on water for _______________. Since they lack _________________ tissue, they can only draw water up a few ________________ above the ground by ____________________....this is why they are low growing.

4. Bryophytes must have water in order for ____________ to swim to the ___________ of other individuals during reproduction. This is one reason why they must live in areas where there is rainfall or dew for at least part of the year.

5. What is the most recognizable feature of bryophytes?

6. Bryophytes can live in habitats from the ______________ regions to the _________________.

7. Mosses belong to the phylum _________________, and vary in appearance from miniature evergreen trees to small filamentous clumps of gametophytes that resemble carpet.

8. The leaves of mosses are __________ cell thick and this causes them to_________________________.

9. What are rhizoids?

10. What is a gametophyte?

11. Liverworts are members of the phylum ________________________. They have flat leaves that appear attached to the ground and are in the shape of a liver. Their reproductive structure resembles tiny green umbrellas.

12. Define gemmae.

13. Hornworts are members of the phylum ________________________. Where are they generally found?

14. What does the gametophyte of a hornwort look like?

15. Define antheridia & archegonia;

16. _______________ refers to a group of mosses that thrive in the acidic water of bogs. Why is it considered a natural sponge when dried?

17. In certain environments the dead remains of sphagnum accumulate to form thick deposits of __________. It can be cut from the ground and then __________________________. It is also used in gardening because it improves the soil’s ability to ___________________. It also has a __________pH and therefore increases the soil’s _______________. ____________ grow well in acidic soil.

22-3 Seedless Vascular Plants

1. Define vascular tissue.

2. List and describe the two types of vascular tissue.

3. SeedLESS vascular plants include _______________, ___________________, and _______________.

4. _________________ are underground organs that absorb water & minerals.___________________ are located in the center of this organ.

5. ______________________ are the ____________________________ organs that contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue. It is gathered into _______________ made of xylem & phloem.

6. __________________ are supporting structures that connect ______________ & _____________________, carrying water and nutrients between them.

7. Phylum ____________________ includes club mosses-small plants that live in moist woodlands. Some of them look like tiny pine trees and are often referred to as “ground-pines”.

8. Phylum ___________________ has only one living species, ________________________, which is a plant that usually grows a meter tall. Its stems look similar to horses’ tails and contains crystals of abrasive silica. What was this used for during colonial times?

9. Phylum ____________________ includes ferns. Ferns have strong roots, underground stems called _______________, and large leaves called _____________________. The large surface area of their leaves allow them to thrive in ______________ sunlight. They are most abundant in wet or seasonally wet habitats.

10. Ferns and other large vascular plants have a life cycle in which the ____________ _______________ is the dominant stage.

11. Define sporangia.

12. Define sori.

13. What does a fern gametophyte look like? Where are the archegonia & antheridia of a fern found?

14. Is water needed for reproduction in ferns?

22-4 Seed Plants

1. List and describe the two groups that seed plants are divided into.

2. List three adaptations that have allowed seed plants to reproduce without water.

3. Like all plants, seed plants have a life cycle that alternates between a ______________________ stage and a ____________________ stage.

4.Define Cone. Define Flower.

5. In seed plants, the entire make gametophyte is contained in a tiny structure called a _________________.

6. Define pollination.

7. A(an) ______________ is an embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering & surrounded by a food supply.

8. A(an) ____________ is an organism in its early stages of development. A plant embryo is ____________ and is the early developmental stage of the ______________________ plant.

9. The seed’s food supply provides nutrients to the embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out.

10. Describe some special structures that seed coats have that aid in their dispersal.

11. The most ancient surviving seed plants are ____________________. They include _______________________, _____________________, ___________________________, & ______________. They all reproduce with seeds that are exposed.

12. Gymnosperm means “____________________________”.

13. Phylum _______________________ contains the species Welwitschi. Describe this plant.

14. Phylum __________________________ includes cycads. Describe these members.

15. Phylum _____________________ contains only one living species, the __________________.

16. Phylum __________________________ contains the most common gymnosperms. List some examples.

17. Describe three adaptations of conifer leaves…

18. What is meant by “evergreen”?

22-5 Angiosperms-Flowering Plants

1. Flowering plants, or _______________________________, are members of the phylum _________________________. The vast majority of living plants species have a method of reproduction & development that involves ____________________ & _____________________.

2. Angiosperms have unique reproductive organs known as ___________________________.

3. How are flowers an advantage for plants?

4. Flowers contain ___________________, which surround and protect the seeds. This is where angiosperms get their name…Angiosperm means “_________________________”.

5. After pollination, the ________________ develops into a _________________, which protects the seed and aids in its dispersal.

6. Define fruit.

7. How can animals aid in seed dispersal?

8. List three ways that the incredibly diverse group of angiosperms can be categorized.

9. List and describe the two classes of angiosperms.

10. Define cotyledon.

11. One of the most noticeable and important characteristics of a stem is __________________________.

12. ________________ plants are made primarily of cells with thick cell walls that support the plant body. They include:___________________________________________________.

13. Plant stems that are smooth, and non-woody are characteristic of _________________________ plants. They include:___________________________________________________.

14. List and define the three categories of plant life spans.

15. Annual comes from the Latin word “annus” which means “____________”. The Latin prefix “bi” means ______________. And the Latin prefix “per” means “through the ____________”.

16. List and describe the 5 characteristics of a monocot.

17. List and describe the 5 characteristics of a dicot.

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