SAMPLING & INFERENTIAL STATISTICS - Arizona State University
SAMPLING & INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Sampling is necessary to make inferences about a population.
SAMPLING
? The group that you observe or collect data from is the sample.
? The group that you make generalizations about is the population.
? A population consists of members of a well defined segment of people, events, or objects.
REASONS FOR SAMPLING
? Important that the individuals included in a sample represent a cross section of individuals in the population.
? If sample is not representative it is biased -- you cannot generalize to the population from your statistical data.
STEPS
? Identify the population. ? Determine if population is accessible. ? Select a sampling method. ? Choose a sample that is
representative of the population. ? Ask the question -- can I generalize to
the general population from the accessible population?
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
? Type of sample in which "every person, object, or event in the population has a nonzero chance of being selected."
? When probability sampling is used, inferential statistics allow estimation of the extent to which the findings based on the sample are likely to differ from the total population.
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