Neshaminy School District



Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: _______________________

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #1 (due ___________)

A. Scientific Method (Students will develop abilities necessary to do and understand the scientific method.)

1. Put the steps of the scientific method in the correct order:

_______ Analyze data

_______ Propose a question

_______ Draw a conclusion

_______ Design and conduct an experiment

_______ Formulate a hypothesis

_______ Make observations

2. Match the following terms to their correct definition:

_______ Control group A) A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed

phenomenon; usually written in if-then form.

_______ Dependent variable B) A statement that generalizes a body of observations. At the time it is

made, no exceptions have been found. It explains things but does not

describe them; serves as the basis of scientific principles.

_______ Experimental group C) An explanation of observable phenomena based on available data;

explains the nature or behavior of a specific set of phenomena.

_______ Hypothesis D) The act of noting and recording something, such as a phenomenon,

with instruments

_______ Independent variable E) Part of the experiment that does not change; used for comparison

_______ Theory F) Part of the experiment that is changed or manipulated

_______ Inference G) The observed variable in an experiment

_______ Law H) The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence

_______ Observation I) A manipulated variable in an experiment or study whose presence or

degree determines the change in the dependent variable

3. Use the following terms to identify the steps of the scientific method reflected in Charles Darwin’s work with evolution.

Peer Review, Propose a question, Hypothesis, Inference, Perform Experiment (Collect Data),

Draw a Conclusion, Make Observations, and Formulate a Theory

_______________________ Why do some life forms have adaptations that seem to help them survive and

reproduce better?

_______________________ If favorable traits can be passed from one generation to the next, then over long

periods of time, nature will select organisms with traits that are desirable.

_______________________ On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin noticed that members of a population have variations and these traits seemed to be inherited from parents to offspring. He also noticed that species produced more offspring than their environment could support causing many organism to die due to lack of food or other resources.

_______________________ Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of surviving and

reproducing in a given environment tend to leave more offspring than other

individuals.

_______________________ Darwin collected fossils and studied the different shapes of the beaks of finches

based on their food source.

_______________________ After extensive research, Darwin accumulated a plethora of data that supported

his original conclusion, that all life forms share a common ancestor. He then

published his Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection in a book called the

Origins of Species.

_______________________ Darwin’s Theory of Evolution has been tested and supported by 1000s of

scientists over the last several hundred years. If valid measurable data is gained

that disproves his theory, his theory would be modified or rejected all together

because science is about the search for the truth.

_______________________ From his observations and the sharing of other ideas with other scientists, Darwin

concluded that all life shares a common ancestor.

B. Water (Students will analyze the unique properties of water and explain how they support life)

1. Describe how the unique properties of water help sustain life. Complete the chart below.

|Property of Water |Reason |How it helps living things? |

|Universal Solvent – a liquid substance |Polarity | |

|capable of dissolving other substances | | |

|Cohesion/Adhesion – tendency of water to |Hydrogen Bonding | |

|bond to other water / tendency of water | | |

|to bond to other (non water) molecules | | |

|High Specific Heat Capacity – the amount |Hydrogen Bonding | |

|of heat required to raise the temperature| | |

|by one unit | | |

|Ice having a lower density than water – |Hydrogen Bonding | |

|ice will float on water | | |

|High Heat of Vaporization –the amount of |Hydrogen Bonding | |

|heat required to turn water into a vapor | | |

|without an increase in temp | | |

Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: _______________________

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #2 (due ___________)

C. Macromolecules (Students will compare and contrast the structure and functions of the following organic molecules:

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids)

1. What is an organic compound?

2. Why is carbon such a good element to use to build macromolecules?

[pic]

3. Which chemical reaction (above) build polymers from monomers?

4. Which chemical reaction (above) breaks down polymers into monomers?

5. What substance is added or released in each of the reactions shown above?

6. Complete the table regarding the four types of organic molecules:

| |Monomers (smallest unit) |Function |Examples |

| | | | |

|Carbohydrates | | | |

| | | | |

|Proteins | | | |

| | | | |

|Lipids | | | |

| | | | |

|Nucleic Acids | | | |

7. Based on the listed characteristics, classify the 4 compounds as a: carbohydrate, protein, lipid, or nucleic acid.

A ____________________________ B _____________________________

C ____________________________ D _____________________________

D. Enzymes (Students will analyze and predict how enzymes can regulate biochemical reactions)

1. Enzymes are what kind of specialized macromolecule?

2. How do enzymes lower activation energy?

[pic]

3. Use the diagram above to compare enzyme actions to a lock and key.

4. What property of the enzyme determines what substrate (molecule) it will work with?

5. Does an enzyme get “used up” during a reaction?

6. Does an enzyme change its shape eventually and no longer speed up reactions?

7. Explain how pH and temperature may affect enzyme activity.

8. What is the optimum pH for intestinal protease using the graph below?

9. At what pH does neither enzyme work?

Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: _______________________

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #3 (due ___________)

E. Cell Structure and Function (Students will investigate and describe the structure and function of cells.)

1. Match the following organelles to their correct function.

_______ Nucleus A) Organelle that provides outer support to eukaryotic plant cells

_______ Plasma membrane B) Eukaryotic organelle that packages/modifies proteins for transfer

_______ Cell wall C) Eukaryotic organelle involved in the transport of materials within the

cell; lacks surface ribosomes

_______ Mitochondria D) Eukaryotic organelle used for transport of materials and folding of

proteins in the cell; has ribosomes on its surface

_______ Smooth ER E) Organelle that surrounds the cell; regulates what moves in and out;

found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

_______ Golgi apparatus F) Organelle that holds the genetic material of a cell; only found in

eukaryotic cells

_______ Vacuole G) Organelle used for storage in eukaryotes

_______ Chloroplast H) Eukaryotic organelle used to produce proteins

_______ Ribosome I) Eukaryotic organelle that transfers solar energy into chemical energy

stored in sugars using chlorophyll

_______ Rough ER J) Eukaryotic organelle that releases energy from sugars

2. Label the following organelles in both the eukaryotic animal and plant cell.

3. What are three differences between the plant and animal cell?

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4. Place the following steps in order that describe how cells use exocytosis to transport proteins from a ribosome to the cell membrane for export.

_______ Protein is assembled on a ribosome that is attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

_______ Vesicle from rough ER transports protein to the Golgi apparatus

_______ Protein is folded into its 3-D shape as it travels through the ER

_______ The Golgi apparatus packages the protein in a vesicle for export

F. Biological Organization (Students will evaluate relationships between structures and functions at various levels of

biological organization.)

1. Starting with the cell and ending with the organism, identify the different levels of organization. Define the term and provide an example.

|Level |Definition |Example |

|Cell | | |

|Tissue | | |

|Organ | | |

|Organ System | | |

|Organism | | |

2. Below are a variety of cells from the human body.

A. Label these cells (red blood cell, sperm cell, white blood cell, muscle cell, nerve cell)

B. Which cell is adapted for movement?

C. What organelle is very plentiful in these cells in order to provide the energy?

D. Which cell has no nucleus? What is the function of this cell?

E. Which cell is involved in the immune system?

F. Which cell helps in movement of bones?

G. Which cell is adapted for transmitting messages?

Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: _______________________

Biology 1 Midterm Exam Review #4 (due ___________)

G. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (Students will analyze structural and functional similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.)

1. What are three main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

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2. What substances/organelles do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?

H. Cell Transport (Students will analyze and predict how cell structures transport material into, out of, and within a

cell.)

[pic]

1. What water-fearing (hydrophobic) structure is found in the plasma membrane (shown above)?

2. What water loving (hydrophilic) structure is found in the plasma membrane?

3. Which structure from #1 & 2 helps the plasma membrane act as a barrier to most polar substances?

4. Match the following transport terms to their correct definition.

_______ Active transport A) The movement of water from a region of high to low concentration.

_______ Passive transport B) The movement of substances from a region of high to low

concentration.

_______ Diffusion C) A property of the plasma membrane that allows some, but not all,

substances to cross.

_______ Osmosis D) A process through which large molecules are moved into a cell.

_______ Facilitated diffusion E) A process through which large molecules are moved out of cell.

_______ Semi-permeable F) A solution with a lower concentration of substances compared to

another solution

_______ Endocytosis G) The movement of substances against their concentration gradient;

requires ATP.

_______ Exocytosis H) The difference in substance concentration across a membrane.

_______ Hypotonic I) A solution with the same concentration of solutes.

_______ Hypertonic J) A solution with a higher concentration of substances compared to

another solution.

_______ Isotonic K) The movement of substances with their concentration gradient; does

not require ATP.

_______ Concentration gradient L) The movement of substances from a region of high to low

concentration through transport proteins

Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.

5. Explain what has happened in the diagram to the above.

6. Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left?

7. Why is the cell membrane semi-permeable?

8. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch concentration greatest (left or right)?

9. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?

10. In osmosis, water moves from an area of __________ to an area of _________ concentration.

11. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why?

12. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of ________ to an area of ________ concentration.

13. The diagram above shows the same type of molecules in area A and area B. With the passage of time, some molecules move from area A to area B. This movement is the result of the process of _______________________

14. Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different structural formulas. If molecule (such as glucose) can cross the plasma membrane, can its isomer, fructose, automatically cross as well?

15. The diagram above represents a cell in water. Some molecules are located inside the cell and others are in the water outside the cell. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what would most likely happen after a period of time?

16. Using the diagram to the above, what process would maintain the high concentration of carbon dioxide inside the cell?

17. Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:

A. Salt inside the cell = 15% and outside the cell 40%.

B. Sugar inside the cell 60% and outside 27%.

18. Complete the chart below to compare active and passive transport

|Type of Transport |Net Movement of Molecules |Energy Required? |Example 1 |Example 2 |

|Passive |High to low | | |Facilitated diffusion |

|Active | |Yes | |Endocytosis & exocytosis |

| | | | | |

19. All organisms maintain homeostasis, whether a prokaryote or eukaryote. Prokaryotes don’t have complicated tissues or organs to help. What specialized structures do they use to maintain homeostasis?

20. List three conditions that the body must regulate in order to maintain homeostasis.

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