Overview of Particle Air Pollution (PM2.5 and PM10)
Overview of Particle Air Pollution (PM2.5 and PM10)
Air Quality Communication Workshop
San Salvador, El Salvador April 16-17, 2012
What is Particle Air Pollution?
? Particulate matter (PM), also called particle pollution, is a general term for extremely small particles and liquid droplets in the atmosphere
? PM2.5 (fine particles): d 2.5 m ? PM10 (coarse particles): d 10 m ? Primary sources:
? Incomplete combustion ? Automobile emissions ? Dust ? Cooking
? Secondary sources:
? Chemical reactions in the atmosphere
2
Wood-Burning Stoves Natural Sources
Forest Fires
Diesel Engines Cars and Buses
There are many sources of particle pollution
Non-Road Vehicles
Agricultural Burning
Industry
3
Sizes and Composition of Particulate Matter
Fine
Coarse
Ultra-Fine
Anthropogenic:
? Sulfates ? Nitrates ? Ammonia ? Carbon ? Lead ? Organics
Natural:
? Soil ? Dust ? Seasalt ? Bioaerosols
Abundance
0.1 m
1 m 2.5 m
10 m
Aerosol Aerodynamic Diameter (1 m = 1 x 10-6 m)
4
Why Is it Important to Communicate Information about Particle Pollution to the Public?
? Exposure to particle pollution is a public health hazard
? When inhaled, particle pollution can travel deep into the lungs and cause or aggravate heart and lung diseases
? Exposure to particle pollution causes increases in:
? Doctor and emergency room visits ? Hospital admissions ? Use of prescription medication ? Absences from work and school
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