1999



Name Date of Your Quarterly

Biology CP 2015

Marking Period 1 Quarterly Exam Review Sheet

This review sheet is to be used as a guide to help you focus your studies for the MP1 Quarterly examination.

Note: This review sheet is not intended to be all-inclusive.

Characteristics of Living Things

• Organism = general term for a living thing

• Definition of a cell

• Contrast living and nonliving things

• Features of Life (as discussed in class / listed in textbook / viewed in lab) – what it means to be ‘alive’ – you don’t need to be able to list them, but you should be able to identify and explain with examples

• Growth vs. Development – be able to define and explain with examples

• Define metabolism & homeostasis

• Asexual vs. sexual reproduction

• Unicellular vs. multicellular (and examples of each)

• Autotrophic vs. heterotrophic (and examples of each)

• Importance of DNA as the genetic material of the cell

• Adaptation & evolution

• Distinguish between stimulus & response; identify examples of each

• Taxonomy (DKPCOFGS) – be able to identify an organism’s scientific name; be able to tell whether organisms are closely related or not, by looking at their classification categories

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

o basic definition/equation of each process

o be familiar with how the two reactions are interdependent

o what types of organisms do each process

o importance of ATP produced by cellular respiration

Basic Chemistry

• Definition of atom, molecule, element, compound

• Properties of Water (especially its partial charges & ability to hydrogen bond)

• Basic Atomic Structure

o Compare/contrast proton, neutron, electron

o Why atoms in their elemental state are neutral

o Draw diagram of an atom showing numbers and locations of subatomic particles and energy levels

o Be able to identify the parts of an atom, their charges, and their locations.

o Be able to draw and/or interpret Lewis dot diagrams and/or Bohr models for atoms

• Periodic Table

o Atomic Mass (mass number) vs. Atomic Number

o How to determine the valence of an atom

o Be able to determine # of bonds an atom can form

o Given its atomic number, determine the number of electrons, and covalent bonds an atom will form

• Reactivity & Bonding

o What determines the reactivity of an atom? What is the importance of Valence Electrons?

▪ Why are some atoms “stable” and “nonreactive” while others are “unstable” and “reactive”?

o Know how covalent & ionic bonds are formed

o How do atoms become positive or negative ions?

o What determines if atoms will combine?

o # of bonds needed for C, H, O & N (the four most common elements of living things) to become stable (HONC 1234)

• Chemical Formulas, Equations, Reactions

o Know that in a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactant(s) are broken, atoms are rearranged, and new bonds are formed in the product(s)

o Molecule vs. compound

o Coefficients, subscripts, arrow, reactant vs. products

▪ Given a chemical formula with a coefficient and subscripts, determine the number of atoms or molecules

o Understanding chemical equations, what all the symbols and numbers mean and which substances are the reactants and products. Example: photosynthesis and cellular respiration

o Determine if an equation is balanced: Law of Conservation of Matter

o Identify the number of atoms of each element found in a formula

o Be able to draw and/or interpret a structural formula for a molecule

Basic Biochemistry

• Four most common elements in living things (CHON)

• Phosphorus and sulfur are also found in some important biological molecules (CHONPS)

• Importance of water in dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis

• Organic vs. Inorganic – be able to identify examples

• Be able to recognize structures/formulas of monomers, dimers and polymers of carbs, proteins and nucleic acids

• Which elements are found in each category of organic compounds?

• Identify examples of food sources for each category of organic compounds

• Be able to interpret ‘Nutrition Facts’ labels (from prepared foods)

• Hydrolysis vs. (dehydration) synthesis:

o Definition--Reactants and products of each process for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and nucleic acids.

o Which one builds polymers from monomers and which one breaks down polymers into monomers

o Which one has water as a reactant; which one has water as a product

• Carbohydrates:

o simple sugars or monosaccharides vs. disaccharides vs. polysaccharides

o glucose units are used to form starch, glycogen and cellulose polysaccharides

o function as energy molecules: glucose, glycogen, and starch

o function as structural molecules: cellulose

o importance as short-term energy storage

o Why do plants make glucose? (What can they use it for?)

o What is “carbo-loading” AND why do athletes do this?

• Lipids:

o Distinguish between structural formulas of unsaturated/saturated triglycerides

o Saturated vs. unsaturated: which are ‘heart healthier”? Fats (animals) vs. oils (plants)

o Different functions of lipids:

▪ function as long-term energy storage molecules

▪ function as structural molecules-in cell membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol)

• Nucleic acids:

o nucleotides, subunits of nucleotides

o Store genetic information

o Central dogma of molecular biology: DNA(RNA(proteins(traits

o function as energy molecules-ATP (composed of only one nucleotide)

• Proteins:

o amino acid structure, dipeptides, peptide bonds, peptides vs. proteins

o “Form leads to function”

o describe the general differences between various proteins and amino acids

o a very wide variety of proteins exist (for both structure & function in cells)

o examples of proteins (ie, enzymes)

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|Type of Organic Compound | | | | |Good Food Sources |

| |Building blocks |General Functions |Examples |Elements | |

| | | | | | |

|Lipids |Typical structure of fats/oils: | | | | |

| |_________________ | | | | |

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| | | |Monomers: | | |

|Proteins | | | | | |

| |Basic monomer: | | | | |

| |_________________ | | | | |

| |[pic] | | | | |

| | | |Polymers: | | |

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| | | |Monomers: | | |

|Nucleic Acids |Basic monomer | | | | |

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| | | |Polymers: | | |

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