1999
Name Date of Your Quarterly
Biology CP 2015
Marking Period 1 Quarterly Exam Review Sheet
This review sheet is to be used as a guide to help you focus your studies for the MP1 Quarterly examination.
Note: This review sheet is not intended to be all-inclusive.
Characteristics of Living Things
• Organism = general term for a living thing
• Definition of a cell
• Contrast living and nonliving things
• Features of Life (as discussed in class / listed in textbook / viewed in lab) – what it means to be ‘alive’ – you don’t need to be able to list them, but you should be able to identify and explain with examples
• Growth vs. Development – be able to define and explain with examples
• Define metabolism & homeostasis
• Asexual vs. sexual reproduction
• Unicellular vs. multicellular (and examples of each)
• Autotrophic vs. heterotrophic (and examples of each)
• Importance of DNA as the genetic material of the cell
• Adaptation & evolution
• Distinguish between stimulus & response; identify examples of each
• Taxonomy (DKPCOFGS) – be able to identify an organism’s scientific name; be able to tell whether organisms are closely related or not, by looking at their classification categories
• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
o basic definition/equation of each process
o be familiar with how the two reactions are interdependent
o what types of organisms do each process
o importance of ATP produced by cellular respiration
Basic Chemistry
• Definition of atom, molecule, element, compound
• Properties of Water (especially its partial charges & ability to hydrogen bond)
• Basic Atomic Structure
o Compare/contrast proton, neutron, electron
o Why atoms in their elemental state are neutral
o Draw diagram of an atom showing numbers and locations of subatomic particles and energy levels
o Be able to identify the parts of an atom, their charges, and their locations.
o Be able to draw and/or interpret Lewis dot diagrams and/or Bohr models for atoms
• Periodic Table
o Atomic Mass (mass number) vs. Atomic Number
o How to determine the valence of an atom
o Be able to determine # of bonds an atom can form
o Given its atomic number, determine the number of electrons, and covalent bonds an atom will form
• Reactivity & Bonding
o What determines the reactivity of an atom? What is the importance of Valence Electrons?
▪ Why are some atoms “stable” and “nonreactive” while others are “unstable” and “reactive”?
o Know how covalent & ionic bonds are formed
o How do atoms become positive or negative ions?
o What determines if atoms will combine?
o # of bonds needed for C, H, O & N (the four most common elements of living things) to become stable (HONC 1234)
• Chemical Formulas, Equations, Reactions
o Know that in a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactant(s) are broken, atoms are rearranged, and new bonds are formed in the product(s)
o Molecule vs. compound
o Coefficients, subscripts, arrow, reactant vs. products
▪ Given a chemical formula with a coefficient and subscripts, determine the number of atoms or molecules
o Understanding chemical equations, what all the symbols and numbers mean and which substances are the reactants and products. Example: photosynthesis and cellular respiration
o Determine if an equation is balanced: Law of Conservation of Matter
o Identify the number of atoms of each element found in a formula
o Be able to draw and/or interpret a structural formula for a molecule
Basic Biochemistry
• Four most common elements in living things (CHON)
• Phosphorus and sulfur are also found in some important biological molecules (CHONPS)
• Importance of water in dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis
• Organic vs. Inorganic – be able to identify examples
• Be able to recognize structures/formulas of monomers, dimers and polymers of carbs, proteins and nucleic acids
• Which elements are found in each category of organic compounds?
• Identify examples of food sources for each category of organic compounds
• Be able to interpret ‘Nutrition Facts’ labels (from prepared foods)
• Hydrolysis vs. (dehydration) synthesis:
o Definition--Reactants and products of each process for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and nucleic acids.
o Which one builds polymers from monomers and which one breaks down polymers into monomers
o Which one has water as a reactant; which one has water as a product
• Carbohydrates:
o simple sugars or monosaccharides vs. disaccharides vs. polysaccharides
o glucose units are used to form starch, glycogen and cellulose polysaccharides
o function as energy molecules: glucose, glycogen, and starch
o function as structural molecules: cellulose
o importance as short-term energy storage
o Why do plants make glucose? (What can they use it for?)
o What is “carbo-loading” AND why do athletes do this?
• Lipids:
o Distinguish between structural formulas of unsaturated/saturated triglycerides
o Saturated vs. unsaturated: which are ‘heart healthier”? Fats (animals) vs. oils (plants)
o Different functions of lipids:
▪ function as long-term energy storage molecules
▪ function as structural molecules-in cell membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol)
• Nucleic acids:
o nucleotides, subunits of nucleotides
o Store genetic information
o Central dogma of molecular biology: DNA(RNA(proteins(traits
o function as energy molecules-ATP (composed of only one nucleotide)
• Proteins:
o amino acid structure, dipeptides, peptide bonds, peptides vs. proteins
o “Form leads to function”
o describe the general differences between various proteins and amino acids
o a very wide variety of proteins exist (for both structure & function in cells)
o examples of proteins (ie, enzymes)
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
|Type of Organic Compound | | | | |Good Food Sources |
| |Building blocks |General Functions |Examples |Elements | |
| | | | | | |
|Lipids |Typical structure of fats/oils: | | | | |
| |_________________ | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Monomers: | | |
|Proteins | | | | | |
| |Basic monomer: | | | | |
| |_________________ | | | | |
| |[pic] | | | | |
| | | |Polymers: | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Monomers: | | |
|Nucleic Acids |Basic monomer | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| | | |Polymers: | | |
| | | | | | |
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