Benchmark I Review



Benchmark I Review

Name__________________

Date_________

Period____

Directions: Complete each section of the review by following the directions for each section.

Standard(s):

1d Students know the central dogma of molecular biology outlines the flow of information from transcription of RNA in the nucleus to translation of proteins on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

4a Students know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA.

4b Students know how to apply the genetic coding rules to predict the sequence of amino acids from a sequence of codons in RNA.

5a Students know the general structures and functions of DNA, RNA, and protein.

5b Students know how to apply base-pairing rules to explain precise copying of DNA during semiconservative replication and transcription from DNA into mRNA.

4c Students know how mutations in the DNA sequence of a gene may or may not affect the expression of the gene, or the sequence of amino acids in an encoded protein.

4d Students know how specialization of cells in multicellular organisms is usually due to different patterns of gene expression rather than to differences in the genes themselves.

Part I. Vocabulary Review: Using your coursework and the resources below sections match the term to the correct definition.

Resources:

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|Term: |Definition |

|Transcription |a.) brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |

|Translation |b.) form of RNA that carries genetic information from the nucleus|

| |to the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein |

| |synthesis. |

|DNA |c.) theory that states that, in cells, information flows from DNA|

| |to RNA proteins. |

|mRNA |d.) sequence of three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid, |

| |found on mRNA |

|tRNA |e.) set of three nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that binds to a |

| |complementary mRNA codon during translation. |

|Anticodon |f.) found on RNA only |

| |g.) enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand|

| |of RNA from a DNA template |

|central dogma |h.) building block of DNA |

|DNA replication |i.) Ribonucleic acid, has uracil not thymine |

|RNA polymerase |j.) process of copying a nucleotide sequence of DNA to form a |

| |complementary strand of mRNA |

|Codon |k.) process of unzipping DNA and making a duplicate copy of the |

| |strand |

|Nucleotide |l.) “matching” half of an unzipped DNA strand |

|RNA |m.) process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced. |

|Uracil |n.) Deoxyribonucleic acid, contain thymine not uracil |

|Complimentary strand | |

Part II. Short Answer Practice: Using your coursework and the resources below answer the questions below.

Resources:

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1. Using the following DNA sequence fill in the blanks below:

DNA-TAG/GGG/CCA/TGA/TAT

mRNA-_____/_____/_____/_____/_____

tRNA- _____/_____/_____/_____/_____

AA’s- _____/_____/_____/_____/_____

2. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

3.) 5' ATCAGCGCTGGC 3'

The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded

for by this segment?

A 4

B 8

C 12

D 20

4.) Which of the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication?

A 5' AGTCUT 3'3' TCUGTA 5'

B 5' AGTCAT 3'3' TCAGTA 5'

C 5' AGTCAT 3'3' CTGACG 5'

D 5' AGTCAT 3'3' UCAGUA 5'

5.) Semi-conservative replication of DNA refers to the idea that

A DNA molecules need to unwind before duplication begins.

B each new DNA molecule contains two new single RNA strands.

C the two strands of DNA molecules run in opposite directions.

D each half of the original DNA molecule is joined with a new complementary DNA

strand.

6. Explain the process of protein synthesis starting with a DNA molecule and ending with a protein.

4a) Ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA, protein synthesis

4b) amino acids, codons, genetic coding, anticodon

4c-) mutations, genes, DNA sequence, expression

4d) specialization, multicellular, gene expression, proteins

4e) amino acids, DNA sequence, proteins, organism

5a) structure, function, DNA, RNA

5b) protein, base pairing rules, replication, transcription

5c) DNA, mRNA, genetic engineering, biotechnology

5General: genetic composition, cells, genes, meiosis

Part III. Protein Synthesis Tutorials

• Open the link below.



• Read the introduction.

• Click on “Animation”. Observe the animation.

• Click on “Conclusion”. Read the conclusion.

• Click on “Quiz”. Read your score here._____/3

“A Science Odysessy: You Try it DNA Workshop”

• Open the link below.



• Click on DNA Workshop Activity.

• Click on Protein Synthesis.

• Complete the matching activity for transcription.

• Write a brief summary of the events of transcription here in the box below.

|Transcription: |

• Complete the translation matching activity.

• Write a brief summary of the events of translation in the box below.

|Translation: |

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