Person-Nature Orientation: - Cengage
Figure 5.4. Kluckhohn Values Orientation Method
|Person-Nature Orientation: |
|Mastery Over Harmony with Subject to |
| |
|Mastery Over: People exercise mastery and control over nature. |
|Harmony With: People exercise partial control by living in harmony with nature. |
|Subject To: People are subject to the forces of nature. |
|Time Orientation: |
| |
|Past Present Future |
| |
|Past: The orientation to time is on the past and on preserving and maintaining traditional teachings and beliefs. |
|Present: The orientation to time is on the present, and in accommodating changes in beliefs and traditions. |
|Future: The orientation to time is on the future, planning ahead, and seeking new ways to replace the old. |
|Activity Orientation: |
| |
|Doing7 Being |
| |
|Doing: Meaningful activity for self-expression is external to the individual and valued by both the self and by others. |
|Being: : Meaningful activity for self-expression is internal to the individual and valued by the self but not necessarily by |
|others. |
|Human Relations Orientation: |
| |
|Consensus laterally Hierarchical authority Individualism |
| |
|Collaterality: Human relations are based on seeking consensus among group members. |
|Lineality: Human relations are based on deferring to hierarchical authority. |
|Individualism: Human relations are based on the value of the individual. |
|Human Nature: 8 |
| |
|Evil Neutral Mix of good and evil Good |
| |
|Evil: Human nature may be evil, with the possibility of being changed or not |
|Neutral: Human Nature may be changed. |
|Mixture of Good and Evil: Human Nature cannot be changed. |
|Good: Human Nature cannot be changed. |
Source: Adapted from Kluckhohn & Strodbeck, 1961
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