Application of CHC Theory and Cross-Battery …
[Pages:80]Application of CHC Theory and Cross-Battery Assessment to
SLD Identification
Vincent C. Alfonso, Ph.D. Gonzaga University , Spokane, WA
Spokane, WA March 28, 2014
Today's Agenda
? Overview of the Field of Ability Assessment
? The Wechsler Scales in Perspective ? Progress in Theories of Intelligence ? Progress in Test Development ? Progress in Test Interpretation
? Relations between CHC Abilities and Academic Skills ? Refinements to CHC Theory ? Overview of Cross-Battery Assessment (XBA)
? Data Management and Interpretive Assistant v2.0 ? Wechsler-based example
Today's Agenda
? Third Method Approaches to SLD Identification
? Dual Discrepancy/Consistency Operational Definition of SLD (third method, pattern of strengths and weaknesses)
? XBA PSW-A v1.0 software (Wechsler-based example)
? Conclusions
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Continuum of Progress in Psychometric Theories of Intelligence
g
Traditional Cognitive Assessment
FSIQ
Verbal Ability
Nonverbal Ability
1930s to the late 1990s
THE 1974 WISC-R (12 Subtest) Factor Structure
Arithmetic Digit Span
Information Similarities Vocabular y Comprehension
Verbal Comprehension - Gc
Coding
Pic. Completion Pic. Arrangement Block Design Obj. Assembly Mazes
Perceptual Organization - Gv
Freedom From Distractibility - FFD
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The new and improved science of psychological assessment is here!
Note: WJ tests are indicated by bold rectangles
Gf
Glr
Gs
Gv
Pic. Completion Pic. Arrangement Block Design Obj. Assembly Mazes Vis. Closure Pict. Recogn.
Coding Vis. Matching Cross Out
Vis.Aud. Lrng Mem. for Names
Anal.-Synth. Conc. Form.
Ga
Gsm
Gq
Gc
Information Similarities Vocabulary Comprehension Pict. Vocab. Oral Vocab.
Arithmetic Calculation Applied Prob.
Digit Span Mem. Words Mem. Sentences
Incomplete Wds. Sound Blending
CHC Confirmatory Cross-Battery (or Joint) Factor Analysis of WISC-III and WJ
Perceptual Organization - Gv
Processing Speed - Gs
Pic. Completion Pic. Arrangement Block Design Obj. Assembly Mazes
Information Similarities Vocabulary Comprehension
Coding Symbol Search
Arithmetic Digit Span
Freedom From Distractibility - FFD
Verbal Comprehension - Gc
WISC-III Factor Structure: 17 YEARS LATER
Cattell-Horn Gf-Gc Theory
Gf
Gq
Gc
Gsm Gv
Ga
Glr
Gs
CDS Grw
Broad Abilities
69 narrow abilities found in data sets analyzed by Carroll (1993)
Fluid Intelligence Quantitative Knowledge Crystallized Intelligence Short-Term Memory Visua l Processing Auditory Processing Long-Term Retrieval Processing Speed Correct Decision Speed Reading/ Writing
A Landmark Event in Understanding the Structure of Intelligence
Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytic studies.
New York: Cambridge University Press
Carroll's (1993) Three-Stratum Theory of Cognitive Abilities
General (Stratum III)
G General Intelligence
Broad (Stratum II)
Gf
Fluid Intelligence
Gc
Crystallized Intelligence
Gy
General Memory & Learning
Gv
Broad Visual Perception
Gu
Broad Auditory Perception
Gr
Broad Retrieval Ability
Gs
Broad Cognitive Speediness
Gt
Processing Speed (RT Decision Speed)
Narrow (Stratum I)
69 narrow abilities found in data sets analyzed by Carroll
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An Integration of the Gf-Gc and Three-Stratum Theories of Cognitive Abilities
Based largely on McGrew's analyses in 1997-1999
The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Model of Cognitive Abilities that Guided Intelligence Test Construction from 2000-2011
Nine Broad and Approximately 35 Narrow Abilities are Represented on Cognitive and Achievement Batteries
We Have Knowledge of What Our Tests Measure According to CHC Theory
? Cross-Battery Assessment Approach
? Classification system ? Joint or CB-CFA ? Expert Consensus ? Helped to establish a nomenclature for the field
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Cross-Battery Approach Assisted in Paving the Way for CHC-based Test Development and Interpretation
g
Gf Gc
Gv
Glr
Gsm
Gs Ga
The WJ III
(Woodcock, McGrew, & Mather, 2001)
The first in a flurry of test revisions that represented advances unprecedented in
assessment fields
Contemporary Cognitive Assessment
SB5 (2003) ? Based on CHC theory
KABC-II (2004) ? Based on CHC theory and Luria
DAS-II (2007) ? Based on CHC theory
g
Gf Gc Ga Gv Gsm Glr Gs
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Contemporary Cognitive Assessment
WISC-IV (2003) ? CHC terminology (e.g., Fluid Reasoning, Working Memory) and CHC approach to interpretation (Flanagan & Kaufman, 2004, 2009)
WAIS-IV (2008) ? CHC terminology and interpretive approach (Kaufman & Lichtenberger, 2009)
Figure 6
Hierarchical complex 3b total Standardized estimates.83
.89
Gc
.75
.84
fu1
.74
u1 Similarities
u2 Vocabulary
u3 Comprehension
u4 Information
u5
Word Reasoning
.85
.31
u6
.84
Block Design
Gv
.30
u7
.79
.59 Picture Concepts
.42
u8
fu2
Matrix Reasoning
g
1.00
Gf
.45
u9
Picture Completion
.85
u10
fu5
.65
Digit Span
u11
.55
Gsm .74
Letter-Number u12
.79 .31
fu3
Arithmetic
u13
Chi-Square = 186.185 df = 83
.81
TLI = .982 CFI = .986
Gs
RMSEA = .035
.51 .48
SRMR = .026
AIC = 260.185
fu4
Coding u14
Symbol Search u15
Cancellation
Keith et al. (2006)
Continuum of Progress in Tests of Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities
g
VIQ-PIQ-FSIQ
CHC
Continuum of Progress in Methods of Interpretation
Table from Kamphaus et al. (2012). A History of Intelligence Test Interpretation. In D.P. Flanagan and P.L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary Intellectual Assessment: Theories, Tests and Issues, 3rd edition. New York: Guilford.
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Factor Analysis ? Cohen's Threefactor solution of the WISC
Kaufman's Psychometric Approach
Figure 2.1 WISC-IV Test Framework (p. 6)
VCI
Similarities Vocabulary Comprehension Information Word Reasoning
PRI
Block Design Picture Concepts Matrix Reasoning Picture Completion
WMI
FSIQ
PSI
Digit Span
Letter-Number Sequencing
Arithmetic
Coding Symbol Search
Cancellation
Note: Supplemental subtests in italics and do not contribute to FSIQ unless substituted for a core subtest
What Does the WISC-IV Measure?
Timothy Z. Keith and colleagues (2006)
Theoretical Structure of the WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension (Gc)
Perceptual Reasoning
(Gf/Gv) g
W orking Memory (Gsm)
Processing Speed (Gs)
Similarities Vocabulary Comprehension Information Word Reasoning Block Design Picture Concepts Matrix Reasoning Picture Completion Digit Span Letter-Number Arithmetic
Coding Symbol Search
Cancellation
3/26/2014 8
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