Chapter 9 MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t- test - University of New Mexico
[Pages:33]Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
TOPIC When is the matched pairs/repeated measures/within-subjects t ? test used? Matched pairs/repeated measures/within-subjects t ? test formula Example 1: Teaching Methods Example 1: Statistical conclusion and interpretation Example 1: 95% Confidence Interval for the Mean Difference
? Tutorial: Dependent groups t ? test using Excel 2007 When is the independent groups t ? test used? Example 2: Facial Expressions Example 2: Statistical conclusion and interpretation Example 2: 95% Conf. Interval for the Difference Between Two Means
? Tutorial: Independent groups t ? test using Excel 2007
SLIDE 2
6 8 14 15
20 22 28 29
Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
When pairs of subjects are matched on pre-specified variables (e.g., age, gender, education, economic status) in order to reduce random error variance
All subjects experience each level of treatment ? Known as a repeated measures or within-subjects design
The population SD is unknown and
When the data are of at least interval or ratio scale
Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
Subjects are matched on one or more variables believed to be correlated with the dependent variable
One member of each pair is assigned to treatment or placebo (by default, the other member is placed into the other group)
The difference between subjects' scores is measured
The average or mean difference across all pairs of subjects is obtained and compared to the value expected by the null hypothesis
Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
The null hypothesis expects the average or mean difference across all pairs of subjects to be zero ? In other words, the average effect of the IV across all pairs of subjects is expected to be zero
If the obtained average or mean difference across all pairs of subjects is some value other than zero, the null hypothesis assumes it is solely due to random error
Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
Lecture 82 73 77 71 80
Lecture+Activity
Difference
88
-6
72
1
84
-7
74
-3
93
-13
SUM -28
N =5
MEAN DIFFERENCE -5.6
Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
Average or mean
difference
D
t D SE
D
(Excel will do this for you)
Expected value from null hypothesis
Estimated standard error of the mean
difference
Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
df n 1
N is the number of pairs of subjects
Chapter 9
MATCHED PAIRS OR DEPENDENT t - test
An educational researcher wanted to know if inclass activities significantly improved students' learning compared to traditional lecture only teaching methods. Ten students matched on GPA, Year in school, and academic major were randomly selected from the current UNM student population. One student from each pair was randomly assigned to either the Lecture Only class or Lecture plus Group Activities class. At the end of the semester, students' final exam scores were recorded and teaching methods were compared.
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