Health, United States Spotlight - Centers for Disease ...

Health, United States Spotlight

April 2019

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Heart Disease

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, and

risk of heart disease death differs by race and ethnicity.

This Spotlight explores racial and ethnic disparities in three heart disease topic areas: deaths, reported

prevalence, and risk factors. Even though four clinical risk factors¡ªhypertension, obesity, diabetes,

and high total cholesterol¡ªare explored here, behavioral risk factors, such as smoking and physical

inactivity, also differ by race and ethnicity1,2,3.

Heart disease topic areas

Deaths

PREVALENCE

SOURCE

NCHS, National Health

Interview Survey (NHIS).

NOTES

Prevalence was reported by

respondents. In separate

questions, they were asked

whether a health professional

had ever told them that they had:

coronary heart disease, angina, a

heart attack, or any other kind of

heart condition or disease.

Non-Hispanic black persons were

White, not Hispanic

Hispanic

200

MORE THAN TWICE

208.0

as likely as non-Hispanic Asian or

Paci?c Islander persons to die of

heart disease in 1999 and 2017.

168.9

Deaths per 100,000 persons

100

0

Asian or Pacifc Islander,

not Hispanic

1999

2002

2005

11.5%

?

of non-Hispanic white adults

aged 18 and over had heart

disease in 2017 (age adjusted).

1999

2017

85.5

2008

Significantly different

from adults in other racial

and ethnic groups.

2011

9.5%

?

of non-Hispanic black adults

aged 18 and over had heart

disease in 2017 (age adjusted).

1999

2017

TREND:

DECREASE

?

1999

114.1

2014

2017

7.4%

?

of Hispanic adults aged 18

and over had heart disease in

2017 (age adjusted).

1999

2017

TREND:

STABLE

?

Significantly different

from adults in other racial

and ethnic groups.

2017

Deaths per 100,000 persons

Data for racial and ethnic groups,

other than non-Hispanic white

and non-Hispanic black, are

subject to inconsistencies in

reporting on the death certificate.

However, misclassification is

generally minor for Hispanic and

non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific

Islander groups.

Asian or Pacific

Islander, not

Hispanic

The rate of decrease for each

group slowed in recent years.

Black, not Hispanic

300

Hispanic

or Latino

From 1999 through 2017, death

rates for heart disease decreased

for all racial and ethnic groups.

400

SOURCE

NOTES

Black, not White, not

Hispanic Hispanic

Risk factors

Age-adjusted death rates for heart disease, by race

and Hispanic origin: 1999¨C2017

DEATHS

National Center for Health

Statistics (NCHS), National

Vital Statistics System (NVSS).

Prevalence

Racial and ethnic groups

337.4

156.5

208.0

85.5

6.0%

?

of non-Hispanic Asian adults

aged 18 and over had heart

disease in 2017 (age adjusted).

1999

2017

TREND:

STABLE

?

Significantly different from

non-Hispanic white and

non-Hispanic black adults.

TREND:

STABLE

?

Significantly different from

non-Hispanic white and

non-Hispanic black adults.

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart disease risk factors. Atlanta, GA. Available from: .

2. Merai R, Siegel C, Rakotz M, Basch P, Wright J, Wong B, Thorpe P. CDC Grand Rounds: A public health approach to detect and control hypertension. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65(45). 2016.

3. Wall HK, Ritchey MD, Gillespie C, Omura JD, Jamal A, George MG. Vital signs: Prevalence of key cardiovascular disease risk factors for Million Hearts 2022¡ªUnited States, 2011¨C2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 67(35). 2018.

Deaths

Prevalence

Risk factors

Explore other heart disease risk factors using data from

the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

RISK FACTORS

HYPERTENSION

OBESITY

Non-Hispanic black adults aged 20 and over were most

likely to have hypertension in 2015¨C2016.

Hispanic and non-Hispanic black adults aged 20 and

over were most likely to have obesity in 2015¨C2016.

50

50

0

Hispanic

SOURCE

28.7

White, not

Hispanic

27.2

Black, not

Hispanic

Asian, not

Hispanic

NOTES

NCHS, National Health

and Nutrition Examination

Survey (NHANES).

38.2

Percent (age adjusted)

Percent (age adjusted)

29.4

12.4

0

50

21.5

19.6

14.5

13.0

NCHS, National Health

and Nutrition Examination

Survey (NHANES).

Asian, not

Hispanic

Obesity among adults is measured body mass

index (BMI) ¡Ý 30.0. BMI is measured weight (kg)

divided by measured height, squared (m2). Estimates

may differ from others based on the same data due

to different analytic methodology.

White, not

Hispanic

Black, not

Hispanic

Asian, not

Hispanic

NOTES

Estimates of diabetes prevalence include both

physician-diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.

They may differ from other estimates based on the

same data due to different analytic methodology.

Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and

non-Hispanic Asian adults aged 20 and over were equally

likely to have high total cholesterol in 2015¨C2016.

Percent (age adjusted)

Percent (age adjusted)

50

SOURCE

Black, not

Hispanic

HIGH TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

Hispanic and non-Hispanic black adults aged 20 and

over were most likely to have diabetes in 2015¨C2016.

Hispanic

White, not

Hispanic

NOTES

NCHS, National Health

and Nutrition Examination

Survey (NHANES).

DIABETES

0

Hispanic

SOURCE

Hypertension is measured high blood pressure

(systolic pressure ¡Ý 140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure

¡Ý 90 mm Hg) or taking medication to lower high blood

pressure. Estimates may differ from others based on

the same data due to different analytic methodology.

47.5

46.9

42.1

0

11.2

12.6

Hispanic

White, not

Hispanic

SOURCE

NCHS, National Health

and Nutrition Examination

Survey (NHANES).

10.2

10.7

Black, not

Hispanic

Asian, not

Hispanic

NOTES

High total cholesterol is measured serum total

cholesterol ¡Ý 240 mg/dL (6.20 mmol/L). Estimates

may differ from others based on the same data due

to different analytic methodology.

CS303901

Health, United States is the annual report on the country¡¯s health,

produced by NCHS.

The report uses data from government sources as well as private and global sources to present

national health trends across four areas: Health Status & Determinants, Utilization of Health

Resources, Health Care Resources, and Health Care Expenditures & Payers.

Download Health, United States and past Spotlights from .

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download