#2 PROPERTY OF FLUIDS: DENSITY



Name ___________________________________ Class 8-_____ Date ______________________

TOPIC THREE: PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

Look back on page 16 and refresh yourself on the properties of fluids. You will be investigating all the properties of fluids and finding out where these properties are used in everyday life to help us.

1. A fluid is anything that __________. It includes ____________ and ________.

2. A fluid will take the shape of its _________________.

3. Using the particle theory describe how particles move in a liquid compared to a gas.

4. Using the particle theory describe the spaces between the particles in a liquid compared to a gas.

5. Using the particle theory describe the attraction forces between particles in a liquid compared to a gas.

PROPERTY #1: VISCOSITY “the resistance to flow”

6. List two substances you would use each day that resists flow. Or in other words flows very slowly.

7. The two substances you listed above are known to be very viscous. What is preventing them from flowing? (use the particle theory)

8. The higher the resistance the _______________ the viscosity and the ____________ they will flow. The lower the resistance the ___________________ the viscosity and the ______________ they will flow.

9. Scientist measure viscosity by measuring the flow rate. They measure how fast oil will flow for pipe lines and water in rivers.

FORMULA: Flow rate = amount (mL) ie: it takes 5 minutes for 5000 litres

Time (sec) of oil to flow in a pipeline.

Flow rate = amount (mL) substitute in(

Time (sec)

and solve(

10. From what you know about viscosity and temperature rank the following fluids from 1 (high viscosity) to 10 (low viscosity)

___ molasses ___ pop ___ table syrup

___ saturated sugar water ___ motor oil 10W40 ___ shampoo

___ hot water ___ hot tar ___ cold tar

___ cold water

Note: viscosity of gases increases as it is heated (more collisions)

#2 PROPERTY OF FLUIDS: DENSITY Each substance has its own density. It is a

property that helps identify a substance.

1. DENSITY is _____________________________________________________________.

2. The formula for density is ________________________________________________

Or Density = Mass D = M

Volume V

3. Units: -mass is measured in __________________ (g)

-volume of solids is _____________________(cm3)

-volume of fluids is in __________________(mL)

therefore:

-density of solids units are ___________/___________

-density of liquids units are ___________/_____________

4. If the volume of a substance is 15.1 cm3 and its mass is 40.77g, what is its

density?

D=M/V

D= _____________/______________

D= ________ g/cm3

5. The substance above is aluminum. The density means that for every cubic

centimeter (cm3) it would have a mass of _____g

6. Calculate the density of a rock if its volume was 25.0 cm3 and it had

a mass of 70.0 g.

7. A block of metal has a mass of 90 g and a volume of 10.1 cm3. What is it’s density?

8. What is the density of a piece of metal with a mass of 59.8g and a

volume of 2.08cm3?

9. What is the density of a 39.6g substance that is 9cm3?

CALCULATING DENSITY OF OBJECTS:

FIRST YOU NEED TO FIND IT’S MASS AND VOLUME

10. Describe how you would find the mass of a solid cube.

11. Describe how you would find the mass of a fluid. (page 44)

12. Describe how you would find the volume of a solid cube or rectangular prism.

13. Describe how you would find the volume of a fluid.

14. Describe how to find the volume of an irregular object, like a fork or ring.

(displacement)

CALCULATING DENSITY FROM A GRAPH:

18. Example #1: Looking at the graph on page 43 you can see that 90cm3 of wood (pine) has a mass of 45g.

STEP 1: WRITE THE FORMULA: D=M/V

STEP 2: CHOOSE A VOLUME (40cm3) FROM THE GRAPH

STEP 3: FIND THE MASS WITH THAT CHOOSEN VOLUME

*WHEN THERE IS 40cm3 the mass is 20g*

STEP 4: SUBSTITUTE DATA INTO THE FORMULA

STEP 5: SOLVE.

so the density is (D=M/V) D=20g/40cm3 =0.5g/cm3

STEP 6: TAKE ANOTHER VOLUME AND MASS TO CHECK CALCULATIONS

(You would get the same density calculation)

19. Calculate the density of isopropyl alcohol and vegetable oil by taking two

different volumes with the mass off the graph on page 43. SHOW YOUR WORK!!

ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL VEGETABLE OIL

20. CALCULATING THE MASS FOR A CERTAIN VOLUME OF A SUBSTANCE:

Since water has a density of 1g/mL, it means that for each mL of water it

would have a mass of 1g. So 15mL of water would have a mass of 15g.

DENSITY = NEW MASS 1g = Xg

1mL NEW VOLUME 1mL 15mL

CROSS MULTIPLY 1X = 1(15)

DIVIDE 1X = 15

1 1

SOLVE X= 15g

21. If sand had a density of 1.5g/cm3 what would the mass

be for 20cm3?

Use the chart to answer the following questions. SHOW WORK

APPROXIMATE DENSITIES OF COMMON MATERIALS

|FLUID |DENSITY (g/mL) | |SOLIDS |DENSITY (g/cm3) |

|Helium |0.0002 | |Wood(western red cedar) |0.37 |

|Nitrogen |0.00125 | |Wood (birch) |0.66 |

|Air |0.0013 | |Sugar |1.59 |

|Oxygen |0.0014 | |Salt |2.16 |

|Carbon dioxide |0.002 | |Aluminum |2.70 |

|Isopropanol |0.79 | |Iron |7.87 |

|Vegetable oil (varies) |0.9 | |Nickel |8.90 |

|Water |1.00 | |Copper |8.92 |

|Glycerol |1.26 | |Lead |11.34 |

|Mercury |13.55 | |Gold |19.32 |

22. For a substance to be very dense it would have a _HIGH OR LOW_density.

23. What is the most dense substance in the table?

24. What is the least dense substance in the table?

25. Name two gases that are less dense than air.

26. Name two gases that are denser than air.

27. Each substance has its own specific density. What substance has a density of 8.92g/cm3?

THIS MEANS THAT FOR EACH 1cm3 of this substance it would have a

mass of ______g.

28. Vegetable oil has a density of _______, so if you had 10 mL of vegetable oil how much would its mass be?

29. If you had 100 cm3 of gold, what would its mass be?

Use the formula to answer the next questions. Show your work.

30. What is the density of a substance with a mass of 50.6 g and a volume of

18.74 cm3?

31. If the volume of a substance is 15.1 cm3 and its mass is 8.3 g, what is its

density?

32. The mass is 142.9 g, the volume is 12.6 cm3. What is the density?

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