.REVISED TABLES OF AIRSPEED,- ALTITUDE, tND MACH ...

[Pages:46]NASA SP-3082

.REVISED TABLES OF AIRSPEED,- ALTITUDE, tND MACH:;INUMBERPRESENTED IN

THE: INTERNATIIINAL SYSTEM OF UNITS

BENNER and SAWYER

NATIONAL

AERONAUTICS

AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

E"TI_L" _ 9Ki

NASA SP-3082

AND MACH NUMBER PRESENTED IN

Margaret S. Benner and

Richard H. Sawyer Langley Research Center Prepared by Langley Research Center

Scientific and Technical In/ormation Ofwe

NATIONAL

AERONAUTICS

AND

SPACE

ADMINISTRATION Washington,

1973 D.C.

PREFACE

In 1968, the U.S. Congress directed the Secretary of Commerce to undertake the

U.S. Metric Study to evaluate the impact on America of the metric trend and to consider

alternatives

for national policy. The conclusion of this study was that the United States

should change to the metric system. A coordinated 10-year national program for con-

version by a target date set by the U.S. Congress was recommended.

In line with this program, previously published pressure-airspeed

tables have been

revised to the atmospheric

properties

of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere

of 1962 and the

results were converted to the International

System of Units. Atmospheric

properties

such as temperature,

density, and speed of sound are also listed.

iii

INTRODUCTION

Because inception of a national program

to implement

the International

System of

Units (SI) appears to be inevitable

and imminent,

the tables of airspeed,

altitude, and

Mach number prepared

by Livingston

and Gracey (ref. 1) to serve for airspeed

meter and

altimeter

calibrations

and for the conversion

of flight measurements

of these quantities

to

related parameters

- Mach number, true airspeed,

equivalent

airspeed,

etc. - have been

revised to the International

System of Units (SI). Tables of airspeed

in knots are also

included because of the significance

of this quantity in navigation.

In addition, the data

in the altitude tables have been revised to the U.S. Standard Atmosphere

of 1962. (See

ref. 2.) The latter precise determination

data reflect of basic

increased quantities,

knowledge including

of the higher the redefinition

atmosphere

and more

of the absolute thermo-

dynamic temperature

scale by the Tenth General Conference

on Weights and Measures

in

1954. The U.S. Standard Atmosphere,

1962, corresponds

to the International

Civil

Aviation Organization

(ICAO) Standard Atmosphere

up to 20 kilometers

(geopotential

alti-

tude). A table of conversion

factors for various pressure

units is presented

in SI Units.

SYMBOLS

speed of sound in ambient air

g

acceleration

of gravity

H

geopotential altitude

T

LM

gradient of T M with H

M

free-stream

Mach number; molecular

weight in definition

of W

Ml

local Mach number

P

free-stream

static pressure

qc

impact pressure

R

universal

gas constant

T

tempe rature

TM

molecular scale temperature

(as defined in ref. 2)

Tm

measured temperature

V

true airspeed

Vc

calibrated airspeed

W

mean molecular weight of air (denoted by symbol M in ref. 2)

Z

geometric altitude

specific heat ratio

p

density of air

recovery factor of air-temperature

Subscripts:

b

base or reference level

o

sea-level value

sensor

DISCUSSION OF SI SYSTEM

The SI system_

constructed from seven base units for independent quantities plus

two units for plane and solid angle. The SI units for plane and solid angle are the radian

(rad) and the steradian (st), respectively.

Units expressed as combinations

of these units

are called derived units. units are

(The tables in this section are from ref. 3.) The seven base

Physical quantity

Length Mass Time

Electric

current

Thermodyn "_ic temperature Luminous intensity Amount of substance

Name of unit

meter kilogram second ampere kelvin candela mole

Symbol

m

kg

s

A K cd mol

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