Georgia Department of Public Health



Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, Georgia, 2016-2017These data describe opioid prescribing patterns in Georgia during 2016–2017. Prescription data from the Georgia Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) were analyzed by the Georgia Department of Public Health (DPH) Epidemiology Program Drug Overdose Surveillance Unit. Certain prescribing practices are considered high-risk, and may predispose patients to opioid use disorder and overdose, hence contributing to the growing opioid epidemic. These prescribing practices are presented as PDMP indicators in this document; detailed analyses of the PDMP data were conducted to measure the total number of opioid prescriptions, number of patients receiving opioids, drug type, days dispensed, and other indicators of prescribing such as overlapping opioid or opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions.For more information: About the PDMP: GA PDMP Overview and FAQsGeorgia overdose surveillance reports and county level data: overdose mortality interactive maps and statistics: Drug Monitoring Program Data IndicatorsData SourceAll schedule II-V drug prescriptions dispensed and reported to the Georgia Prescription Drug Monitoring Program during 2016–2017PDMP Indicator DescriptionOpioid analgesic prescriptionsOpioid analgesic controlled substance prescriptions dispensed and reported to the PDMP. Drugs administered to patients by substance abuse treatment programs are usually excluded from PDMP files and therefore are not captured by this indicator. Additional exclusion criteria include: (1) drugs not typically used in outpatient settings or otherwise not critical for calculating dosages in morphine milligram equivalents (MME), such as cough and cold formulations including elixirs, and combination products containing antitussives, decongestants, antihistamines, and expectorants; (2) all buprenorphine products. Rate is calculated per 1,000 population (Georgia residents).Opioid prescription patientsThe number of individual patients receiving an opioid analgesic controlled substance prescription that was dispensed and reported to the PDMP. Rate is calculated per 1,000 population (Georgia residents).Days per opioid prescriptionsThe average number of days of opioid analgesics supplied per prescription.Patients receiving avg. daily dose >= 90 morphine milligram equivalents% of patients with an average of ≥90 MME of opioid analgesic drugs prescribed per day.Numerator: the number of patients with an average of ≥90 MME of opioid analgesic drugs prescribed per dayDenominator: state residents who received an opioid analgesic prescriptionAverage MME per day is calculated from total number of MMEs from all-drugs prescribed per day, inclusive of overlapping prescriptions of either the same and/ or differing drugs, divided by the total number of prescription daysMultiple provider episodes for opioids per 100,000 populationThe number of patients receiving prescriptions for opioid analgesics from five or more prescribers dispensed at five or more pharmacies (reporting to the PDMP), per 100,000 population.Numerator: The number of instances of patients receiving prescriptions for opioid analgesics from five or more prescribers dispensed at five or more pharmacies during a 6-month periodDenominator: 100,000 population (Georgia residents)Opioid na?ve patients receiving long acting opioidsPatients with no opioid prescriptions in the previous 60 days who were prescribed at least one long acting/extended release (LA/ER) opioid, among all patients with LA/ER opioid prescriptions.Numerator: opioid na?ve patients with at least one LA/ER opioid prescriptionDenominator: all patients with at least one LA/ER prescriptionPatient days with overlapping opioid prescription% of days that patients had more than one prescribed opioid prescription on the same day.Numerator: total number of days any patient had more than one opioid prescriptionDenominator: total number of opioid prescription days for state residents in the state PDMP. A prescribed day with overlapping opioid prescriptions (≥2) is only counted as one prescribed opioid dayPatient days with overlapping opioid and benzodiazepine prescription% of days that patients had an opioid and benzodiazepine prescription on the same day.Numerator: total number of days any patient had an opioid and benzodiazepine prescription on the same day Denominator: total number of opioid prescription days for state residents in the state PDMP. A prescribed day with overlapping opioid prescriptions (≥2) is only counted as one prescribed opioid dayOther Definitions or LimitationsNot all out of state pharmacies report to the Georgia PDMP, therefore some prescriptions obtained in another state, or by mail, could be missing from these data.Rates are not age-adjusted, therefore counties with older populations (that tend to have more chronic conditions for which opioids are prescribed for pain management) may have higher opioid prescription rates due in part to the population distribution.Some 2017 prescription data were missing sex and age (<2% missing), therefore the race and age data represents only prescriptions for which sex and age where completed.We report on three categories of controlled substances in this report, these categories include:Opioids: Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Codeine, Dezocine, Dihydrocodeine, Fentanyl, Fentanyl, Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone, Meperidine, Methadone, Morphine, Nalbuphine, Opiate Agonists, Oxycodone, Oxymorphone, Pentazocine, Tapentadol, Tramadol, and other opioidsBenzodiazepines: Alprazolam, Chlordiazepoxide, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Estazolam, Flurazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam, Triazolam, and other benzodiazepinesStimulants: Amphetamine, Benzphetamine, Desoxyephedrine, Dexmethylphenidate, Dextroamphetamine, Lisdexamfetamine, Methylphenidate, and other stimulantsTop Ten Opioids Prescribed, Georgia, 2016–2017RankOpioid drugNo. prescriptions 2016No. prescriptions 20171Hydrocodone SA*3,300,1142,913,5532Oxycodone SA1,893,1151,847,3783Tramadol SA1,730,7851,675,2604Codeine474,798470,1325Buprenorphine279,592287,6966Morphine LA*204,310192,6547Fentanyl LA158,802140,7218Methadone105,60899,3939Oxycodone LA100,77591,74610Morphine SA80,51582,086*SA: short-acting, LA: long-actingPrescription Drug Monitoring ProgramRegistrations and Patient Queries, Georgia, 2016–2017PDMP user typeNo. registered as of 7/1/2017No. registered as of 12/21/2017No. registered as of 5/29/2018No. patient queries 2016No. patient queries 2017Dentist6522,7513,8782,7477,060Dispensing Physician081700Medical Resident739671,3541021,365Midwife34693170Nurse Practitioner15893,1184,32682,767224,834Optometrist664074240Out-of-State Pharmacist002100Out-of-State Prescriber02967053Pharmacist91439,76210,009534,3511,237,358Pharmacist's Delegate1222012591,73617,413Physician (MD, DO)758017,33919,599476,8501,388,172Physician Assistant11482,0922,32939,886114,629Podiatrist972483534631,596Prescriber Delegate31776671797,395Veterans Affairs Prescriber04766053TOTAL20,41637,43143,7801,139,0862,999,998Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Indicators, Georgia, 2016–2017See Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Data Indicators table for description of indicators below20162017Indicator descriptionTotalJan-MarApr-JunJul-SepOct-DecTotalJan-MarApr-JunJul-SepOct-DecNo. opioid prescriptions8,589,7072,200,8182,122,5962,127,1402,139,1538,001,0502,093,9492,073,7681,942,4931,890,840No. stimulant prescriptions2,424,989628,753567,854604,029624,3532,261,285617,005547,395538,580558,305No. benzodiazepine prescriptions3,886,369996,669964,033972,388953,2793,584,637921,796913,215871,978877,648Opioid Rx/ 1,000 population833.1N/AN/AN/AN/A767.2N/AN/AN/AN/ANo. opioid patients2,331,2691,027,451994,989991,178990,6142,177,640979,143962,603913,093897,725Opioid patients/ 1,000 population226.199.796.596.196.1208.893.992.387.686.1Days/ opioid prescription17.817.717.917.818.018.118.018.118.118.1% Patients receiving avg. daily dose ≥ 90 morphine milligram equivalents7.98.07.97.87.97.98.17.87.97.7Multiple provider episodes/ 100,000 population30.832.529.120.323.816.8% Opioid na?ve patients receiving long acting opioids12.817.310.812.610.510.310.710.210.010.5% Patient days with overlapping opioid prescriptions18.317.818.518.418.617.717.618.118.317.0% Patient days with overlapping opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions15.114.915.315.315.014.013.914.313.913.8Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Indicators by Age and Sex, Georgia, 2017See Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Data Indicators table for description of indicators belowIndicatorNo. opioid prescriptionsNo. stimulant prescriptionsNo. benzodiazepine prescriptionsOpioid prescriptions/ 1,000 populationNo. opioid patientsOpioid patients/ 1,000 populationDays/ opioid prescriptionAge Group<1 year88583936.86685.112.81-4 years7,4265923,81914.06,21411.79.15 -14 years52,784126,96813,83937.339,69528.08.815-24 years298,36780,39734,970206.9197,436136.96.425-34 years751,40851,13978,048517.0307,834211.810.635-44 years1,110,46840,957116,211812.1330,732241.915.245-54 years1,568,65132,593148,7751105.4381,361268.718.655-64 years1,978,23518,109161,1371565.6401,825318.020.865-74 years1,404,3206,090127,1721612.5308,261354.021.275-84 years613,1631,09266,3081554.9147,925375.121.085+ years215,34323630,2941510.255,689390.520.2SexMale3,304,324192,013261,317651.0898,328177.018.3Female4,689,364166,021517,595875.91,276,966238.517.9Opioid Prescription Rates, by Age and Sex, Georgia, 2016–2017 20162017Age GroupOpioid prescriptions/ 1,000 populationOpioid prescriptions/ 1,000 populationPercent change<1 year8.26.8-17.6%1-4 years17.614.0-20.5%5 -14 years43.837.3-14.8%15-24 years242.5206.9-14.7%25-34 years599.8517.0-13.8%35-44 years899.4812.1-9.7%45-54 years1225.31105.4-9.8%55-64 years1683.31565.6-7.0%65-74 years1699.41612.5-5.1%75-84 years1650.01554.9-5.8%85+ years1608.81510.2-6.1%SexMale704.9651.0-7.6%Female953.4875.9-8.1%Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Indicators by County, Georgia, 2017See Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Data Indicators table for description of indicators belowOpioid prescriptions/ 1000 populationAverage days per opioid prescription% Patient days with overlapping opioid prescriptions% Patient days with overlapping opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptionsCountyAppling1353.420.719.520.3Atkinson1646.422.415.125.0Bacon1836.823.216.430.5Baker845.017.815.911.0Baldwin804.319.013.011.3Banks1003.419.917.014.9Barrow1070.318.720.215.2Bartow1158.519.519.517.4Ben Hill1530.720.517.517.3Berrien1431.520.921.218.5Bibb1010.119.314.314.8Bleckley1142.518.617.516.0Brantley1251.521.418.620.9Brooks1103.921.516.215.1Bryan1031.918.819.815.6Bulloch695.217.516.913.2Burke914.218.213.013.2Butts1260.719.916.419.4Calhoun634.717.812.88.4Camden761.719.017.314.6Candler1440.817.616.116.3Carroll1203.019.420.817.4Catoosa566.019.413.514.4Charlton875.322.717.821.4Chatham737.416.417.711.9Chattahoochee310.121.221.614.9Chattooga1497.520.913.115.5Cherokee721.617.221.912.7Clarke702.818.117.99.5Clay716.119.912.69.7Clayton544.815.715.411.4Clinch1849.422.115.821.4Cobb581.116.119.411.2Coffee1544.922.018.626.9Colquitt936.718.915.913.2Columbia577.817.216.812.1Cook1308.919.720.013.7Coweta773.717.420.213.5Crawford926.120.515.014.8Crisp1205.021.013.315.6Dade477.119.913.511.9Dawson1127.118.619.514.8Decatur1050.217.414.015.1DeKalb436.415.116.38.1Dodge1269.921.121.321.8Dooly879.020.311.612.8Dougherty820.016.815.19.4Douglas785.717.619.913.5Early1066.719.814.314.7Echols612.619.325.815.0Effingham1003.918.121.214.9Elbert1751.220.617.215.6Emanuel1192.619.914.215.1Evans1231.220.513.917.5Fannin1131.420.919.816.0Fayette635.416.217.510.3Floyd1262.920.714.018.1Forsyth487.916.420.012.2Franklin1424.121.615.916.7Fulton468.514.516.38.5Gilmer1188.521.022.318.9Glascock1021.219.717.616.6Glynn928.616.915.411.4Gordon1042.719.217.216.3Grady835.117.516.411.8Greene1227.519.513.312.7Gwinnett499.216.419.310.9Habersham1021.820.018.813.1Hall865.518.419.013.7Hancock866.318.214.29.0Haralson1504.320.718.621.0Harris639.518.818.913.6Hart1036.621.515.916.7Heard997.819.319.317.2Henry721.117.017.812.7Houston832.619.014.114.1Irwin1295.721.421.118.2Jackson1204.318.818.315.5Jasper1108.620.715.114.3Jeff Davis1754.119.520.627.6Jefferson937.319.413.711.1Jenkins1217.719.015.115.3Johnson930.621.318.013.8Jones877.619.714.416.6Lamar1000.119.117.915.7Lanier846.020.319.716.2Laurens1150.620.518.713.3Lee816.317.115.610.2Liberty599.717.919.012.3Lincoln1216.818.316.116.6Long499.518.420.312.5Lowndes837.518.722.712.6Lumpkin924.818.720.015.4Macon437.421.713.116.9Madison2772.820.517.315.0Marion377.519.616.617.4McDuffie830.218.415.613.4McIntosh1627.518.719.417.4Meriwether1093.420.015.416.4Miller1061.816.611.213.2Mitchell999.617.914.310.5Monroe1002.018.915.717.6Montgomery1001.319.917.318.4Morgan956.818.517.012.4Murray1108.919.414.517.8Muscogee737.418.417.114.5Newton867.917.818.412.2Oconee733.617.316.711.0Oglethorpe989.019.916.610.8Paulding749.918.221.014.9Peach1231.219.914.714.5Pickens1240.819.322.416.0Pierce1551.821.716.921.3Pike1000.618.616.715.9Polk1612.621.816.220.5Pulaski985.420.515.115.0Putnam1008.818.117.212.6Quitman205.320.914.79.8Rabun1236.921.417.016.6Randolph844.416.411.910.4Richmond914.217.615.413.3Rockdale722.217.118.112.3Schley822.919.29.916.8Screven970.618.315.612.0Seminole1536.516.212.616.3Spalding1174.218.916.215.1Stephens1419.921.517.013.3Stewart639.920.914.311.6Sumter959.618.313.213.4Talbot1152.320.017.516.7Taliaferro1205.219.615.514.5Tattnall1153.720.818.118.3Taylor1214.319.715.716.2Telfair968.820.819.222.9Terrell525.717.314.57.6Thomas1056.817.617.311.8Tift1096.619.820.413.4Toombs1145.420.117.016.9Towns1097.321.616.015.4Treutlen1261.918.718.014.9Troup894.018.615.915.4Turner1509.619.518.711.8Twiggs1262.821.213.916.2Union1016.820.317.613.9Upson1387.418.016.418.6Walker880.120.414.415.9Walton882.718.521.213.7Ware1542.921.917.521.8Warren1054.318.614.49.7Washington864.919.616.010.9Wayne1267.820.121.615.3Webster611.519.511.710.7Wheeler889.720.619.420.1White1114.220.020.311.8Whitfield823.017.813.514.4Wilcox1271.021.716.019.8Wilkes1134.020.415.614.8Wilkinson1441.520.415.413.9Worth1126.819.018.314.0 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