Nevada Department of Education - Indian Education in Nevada

Nevada Department of Education

History and Contemporary Lifestyles of the Northern Paiute, Southern Paiute, Washoe and Western Shoshone

Curriculum Guide A Resource for Teachers

Adopted by the Nevada State Board of Education on October 5, 2012

October 2012

Table of Contents

Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... iv

Nevada Department of Education .................................................................... 1 Acknowledgement .................................................................................................................... 1

Executive Summary......................................................................................3

Citizenship Act of 1924 ................................................................................. 5

Manifest Destiny ......................................................................................... 6 The Perception of Manifest Destiny .......................................................................................... 6

Bureau of Indian Affairs ................................................................................ 8

Federal Indian Policy (1492 ? 1934) .................................................................. 9 Colonial Period (1492 ? 1828) ..................................................................................................10 Treaty Period (1778 ? 1871) .....................................................................................................11 Removal and Relocation Period (1828 ? 1887)..........................................................................13 Reservation Period (1850 ? 1887) .............................................................................................14 Tribal Reservation Lands ...................................................................................................................15 Allotment and Assimilation (1887 ? 1934) ................................................................................16

Nevada Indian Tribes ................................................................................. 17 The First Encounters ...............................................................................................................18 Paiute, Washoe and Shoshone............................................................................................................20 Northern Paiute Tribe ........................................................................................................................22 Southern Paiute Tribe ........................................................................................................................23 Washoe Tribe ....................................................................................................................................24 Western Shoshone Tribe ....................................................................................................................25 Chemehuevi Tribe .............................................................................................................................26 Mojave Tribe .....................................................................................................................................26 Pahrump Band of Paiute Tribe ...........................................................................................................26 Distinction of Tribal Languages ...............................................................................................27 Establishment of Nevada's First Four Reservations...................................................................28 The First Four Reservations .....................................................................................................29 Perception of "The People"......................................................................................................31 Nevada's Indian Culture and Traditions ...................................................................................33 The Baskets .......................................................................................................................................33 Lasting Legacy...................................................................................................................................34 Sarah Winnemucca (Northern Paiute) ................................................................................................34 Jack Panance (Southern Paiute)..........................................................................................................35

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Wovoka (Northern Paiute) .................................................................................................................35 Shoshone Mike (Shoshone) ................................................................................................................36 Dat-So-La-Lee (Washoe)....................................................................................................................36

Indian Education ....................................................................................... 38 Day School ........................................................................................................................................39 Reservation Boarding Schools ............................................................................................................39 Boarding Schools ...............................................................................................................................40 Carlisle Indian Industrial School.........................................................................................................40

Indian Schools in Nevada ........................................................................................................43

Stewart Indian Boarding School .................................................................... 45 Curriculum at Stewart..............................................................................................................46 Tribes Represented at Stewart ..................................................................................................46

Peabody Indian School ................................................................................ 48 Placement Program .................................................................................................................49

Indian Education Today .............................................................................. 50 The Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) .....................................................................................51

Federal Indian Policies (1934 ? Future)............................................................ 52 Indian Reorganization Act (1934) ............................................................................................52 Termination Period (1945 ? 1968) ............................................................................................53 Tribal Self-Determination Act (1968 ? Present).........................................................................54 Self-Determination (Nevada Tribes) .........................................................................................55 Tribal Self-Governance (Future)...............................................................................................57

Afterward................................................................................................ 58 Stereotype ...............................................................................................................................58 Final Thought on Stereotype....................................................................................................59

Appendix................................................................................................. 60

Appendix A: Treaty with the Western Shoshone ......................................................................60 Appendix B: Tribal Websites....................................................................................................63 Appendix C: Executive Orders Relating to Indian Reservations ................................................64 Appendix D: Tribally Recognized Bands and Communities ......................................................69

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List of Tables

Table 1

Federal Indian Policy Periods ..................................................................... 9

Table 2

Traditional Tribal Names for the Four Seasons...........................................27

Table 3

Indian Schools in Nevada ..........................................................................44

List of Figures

Figure 1 Traditional Boundaries for the Three Main Tribes in Nevada ......................21

Figure 2 Timeline for the Establishment of Nevada's First Four Reservations ...........28

Figure 3 Timeline of Indian Education Policy ..........................................................39

Figure 4 Timeline of Events at Stewart Indian Boarding School................................46

Essential Understandings (EU)

EU 1

The 4 tribal Nations consist of 27 tribes and bands ......................................70

EU 2

Diversity among individual Amerian Indians..............................................71

EU3

Modern day life as tribal cultures, traditions, and language still practiced ....72

EU4

Reservations ..............................................................................................73

EU 5

Federal Indian Policies...............................................................................74

EU6

History told from a American Indian perspective ........................................75

EU7

Tribes as sovereign nations.........................................................................76

Activity

Activity 1 Where the Wood Meets the Metal..............................................................77

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AI AN BIA BIE ITCN n.d. NAC NCAI NDE NIC NIEA NRS NV U.S.

Acronyms/Abbreviations

American Indian Alaska Native Bureau of Indian Affairs Bureau of Indian Education Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada Not Dated Nevada Administrative Code National Congress of American Indians Nevada Department of Education Nevada Indian Commission National Indian Education Association Nevada Revised Statutes Nevada United States

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