INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES



INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES

For each of the situations listed below, name the independent and the dependent variable. Also identify the constant if there is one.

1. Half of a group of third graders was shown a film on “sharing”, while the other half was not shown the film. The attitudes of the students in both groups toward sharing candy was then measured, and the average scores were compared.

The independent variable is ____________________________________________

The dependent variable is _____________________________________________

The constant is ______________________________________________________

2. A U.S. history class of eleventh-grade students was randomly divided into thee groups. One group was taught a unit on the Civil War using a standard textbook; the second group was taught the same unit using a series of case studies in addition to the textbook; and the third group was taught using the textbook, the cast studies, and some audio-visual materials. Student knowledge about the event of the Civil War was compared at the end of the unit.

The independent variable is ____________________________________________

The dependent variable is _____________________________________________

The constant is ______________________________________________________

3. Fourteen elementary schools in a large urban school district were selected to participate in a study investigating the effects of computers on learning. Seven of the schools, chosen at random, received new Macintosh computers for every student in their 5th- and 6th-grade classes to use, while the other seven did not receive or possess and computers. At the end of the semester, student achievement in the two groups of schools was compared.

The independent variable is ____________________________________________

The dependent variable is _____________________________________________

The constant is ______________________________________________________

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