Truncation errors: using Taylor series to approximation ...

[Pages:22]Truncation errors: using Taylor series to approximation functions

Approximating functions using polynomials:

Let's say we want to approximate a function !(#) with a polynomial

! # = (% + (* # + (+ #+ + (, #, + (- #- +

For simplicity, assume we know the function value and its derivatives at #% = 0 (we will later generalize this for any point). Hence,

!/ # = (* + 2 (+ # + 3 (, #+ + 4 (- #, + !//(#) = 2 (+ + 3?2 (, # + (4?3)(- #+ + !///(#) = 3?2 (, + (4?3?2)(- # + !/5(#) = (4?3?2)(- +

! 0 = (% ! 0 = (*

! 0 = 2 (+ !/5 0 = (4?3?2) (-

! 0 = (3?2) (,

!(6) 0 = 7! (6

Taylor Series

Taylor Series approximation about point "- = 0

! " = 6- + 67 " + 6) ") + 6+ "+ + 68 "8 +

!"

=! 0

+ !&

0

"

+

!

&& 0 2!

")

+

!&&& 0 3!

"+ +

!"

=

2! .

/ (0) 5!

"/

/01

Demo "Polynomial Approximation with Derivatives" ? Part 1

Taylor Series

In a more general form, the Taylor Series approximation about point "$ is given by:

!"

= ! "$

+ !&

"$

("

-

"$)

+

!&& "$ 2!

("

-

"$

),+

!

&&& 0 3!

(" - "$)/+

!"

=

5! 1

2

("$ 6!

)

("

-

"$)2

234

Iclicker question

Assume a finite Taylor series approximation that converges everywhere for a given function !(#) and you are given the following information:

! 1 = 2; !)(1) = -3; !))(1) = 4; ! - 1 = 0 0 3

Evaluate ! 4

A) 29 B) 11 C) -25 D) -7 E) None of the above

Taylor Series

Demo "Polynomial Approximation with Derivatives" ? Part 2

We cannot sum infinite number of terms, and therefore we have to truncate.

How big is the error caused by truncation? Let's write = # - #%

& #% +

-

,& (

) #% -!

)*+

)=

1

(

&

)

(#%) -!

())

)*,/0

And as 0 we write:

& #% +

-

,& (

) #% -!

) C 6 ,/0

)*+

Error due to Taylor approximation of degree n

& #% +

-

,& (

)

#% -!

)*+

) = 9(,/0)

Taylor series with remainder

Let ! be (4 + 1)-times differentiable on the interval ("#, ") with !(+) continuous on ["#, "], and = " - "#

! "# +

-

+! '

( "# ,!

()*

(=

1

'

!

(

("# ,!

)

()(

()+/0

Then there exists a 9 ("#, ") so that

! "# +

-

+! '

( "# ,!

()*

(

=

! +/0 (4 +

(9) 1)!

(9

-

"#)+/0

! " - < " = =(")

And since 9 - "#

Taylor remainder

! "# +

-

+

'

!

( "# ,!

()*

(

! +/0 (4 +

(9) 1)!

()+/0

Demo: Polynomial Approximation with Derivatives

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download