Science 8 - Ms. Morin's Weebly
Science 8 Name ______________
Ms. Morin Date _________ Blk __
Chapter 1 (p.6-51):
The cell is the basic unit of life.
Chapter Opener (p.6-7)
1) Define cell.
_______________________________________________________
2) What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular living things?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) Define organism.
_______________________________________________________
4) In this chapter, you will:
➢ identify the characteristics of ____________ and ____________ things
➢ demonstrate an understanding of _____________
➢ explain the processes of _____________ and _____________
1.1 Observing Living Things (p.8-21)
AMAZING SURVIVAL STORIES
5) Describe one example of a living thing that has special features which help it survive. Your example CANNOT come from the textbook.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS
6) List the FIVE characteristics of living things AND give an example of each characteristic.
|CHARACTERISTIC |EXAMPLE |
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7) Define stimulus.
_______________________________________________________
EXAMINING VERY SMALL LIVING THINGS
8) List THREE types of microscopes.
• ____________________________________
• ____________________________________
• ____________________________________
9) Define electron micrograph.
_______________________________________________________
10) Define scanning electron microscope.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EARLY MICROSCOPES
11) When were early microscopes built? ___________________________
12) What was the approximate magnification of Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s first microscopes? _____________________
13) What is the proper way to carry a microscope?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
14) A compound microscope has ______ sets of lenses. When you look through a compound microscope, you will observe an image that is __________________, __________________, and __________________.
15) Draw how the letter “G” would appear when viewed through a compound light microscope.
16) Define magnification power.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
17) The objective lenses on most compound light microscopes used in schools today have these powers of magnification:
➢ low-power objective lens: ________
➢ medium-power objective lens: ________
➢ high-power objective lens: ________
18) Usually, the lens in the eyepiece has a magnification of ________
19) Define resolving power.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
20) The resolving power of a compound light microscope is about 0.2 microns. Explain what this means.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.2 Cells (p.22-39)
USING AN ANALOGY TO UNDERSTAND A CELL
21) Define analogy.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INSIDE A CELL
22) Define organelle.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
23) Organelles take up about ____ to ___ percent of a cell. The rest of the cell consists of ___________.
24) Define cell membrane.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
25) Define cytoplasm.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE FUNCTIONS OF CELL ORGANELLES
26) Define nucleus.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
27) What does DNA stand for? _______________________________
28) What is the function of DNA?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
29) Define mitochondria.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
30) Define cellular respiration.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
31) The total of all the chemical reactions that take place in our cells is called our __________________.
32) Why are there more mitochondria in a muscle cell than in a cheek cell?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
35) Write the equation for cellular respiration in the space below
TYPICAL ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS
36) Label the animal cell shown below.
37) Label the plant cell shown below.
ORGANELLES FOR ASSEMBLY, TRANSPORT, AND STORAGE
38) Define the following terms.
|TERM |DEFINITION |
|PROTEINS | |
| | |
|RIBOSOMES | |
| | |
|ENDOPLASMIC | |
|RETICULUM | |
|GOLGI BODY | |
| | |
|VESICLES | |
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|VACUOLES | |
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|LYSOSOME | |
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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
39) Name the TWO cell parts that are found in plants but not in animals AND give the function of each.
|CELL PART |FUNCTION |
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40) Write the equation for photosynthesis in the space below.
41) List the ways that plant cells differ from animal cells.
• ____________________________________________________
• ____________________________________________________
• ____________________________________________________
• ____________________________________________________
CELL THEORY
42) Who first identified cells? ______________________________ In what year? ______
43) Which scientist proved that living things could not come from non-living things? _____________________________ In what year? _______
44) List the three main principles of the cell theory.
• ____________________________________________________
• ____________________________________________________
• ____________________________________________________
PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
45) What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
46) Multicellular organisms and a few unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, are composed of ___________________ cells.
BACTERIA
47) Define bacteria.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
48) To date, there are over ________ different types of bacteria that can be found in environments all over Earth.
49) Give two examples of harmful bacteria.
• ____________________________________________________
• ____________________________________________________
50) Give two examples of helpful bacteria.
• ____________________________________________________
• ____________________________________________________
51) Name and draw the three different shapes of bacteria.
|SHAPE |DRAWING |
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VIRUSES
52) Define virus.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.3 Diffusion, Osmosis, and the Cell Membrane (p.40-49)
WHAT IS DIFFUSION?
53) Diffusion results when particles move from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of ____________ concentration.
54) Define concentration.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DIFFUSION AND THE CELL MEMBRANE
55) Why is the cell membrane called a selectively permeable membrane?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
56) Draw and label the diagram in Figure 1.32 on page 42 of your textbook in the space below.
57) Define equilibrium.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
OSMOSIS
58) Osmosis is the diffusion of _____________________________ through a selectively permeable membrane.
59) In osmosis, particles move from an area of _____________ concentration to an area of _____________ concentration.
WATER FLOW THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE
60) To predict the direction of water flow through a cell membrane, you have to compare the _______________________________ on both sides of the membrane.
61) Complete the table shown below.
|SITUATION |DIRECTION OF WATER FLOW |SIZE OF CELL |
|a) there are equal concentrations of water | | |
|inside and outside the cell membrane | | |
|b) there is a higher concentration of water| | |
|outside the cell than inside | | |
|c) there is a higher concentration of water| | |
|inside the cell than outside | | |
APPLICATION OF OSMOSIS
62) Explain how the antibiotic drug penicillin uses the process of osmosis to destroy harmful bacteria.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
REVERSE OSMOSIS
63) Reverse osmosis occurs when water flows from an area of ______________ concentration to an area of ______________ concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
64) Reverse osmosis can happen only when the pressure on the lower concentration side of the membrane is _______________.
65) List four uses of reverse osmosis.
• _______________________________________________
• _______________________________________________
• _______________________________________________
• _______________________________________________
ALL DONE!!
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