Science 8 - Ms. Morin's Weebly



Science 8 Name ______________

Ms. Morin Date _________ Blk __

Chapter 1 (p.6-51):

The cell is the basic unit of life.

Chapter Opener (p.6-7)

1) Define cell.

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2) What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular living things?

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3) Define organism.

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4) In this chapter, you will:

➢ identify the characteristics of ____________ and ____________ things

➢ demonstrate an understanding of _____________

➢ explain the processes of _____________ and _____________

1.1 Observing Living Things (p.8-21)

AMAZING SURVIVAL STORIES

5) Describe one example of a living thing that has special features which help it survive. Your example CANNOT come from the textbook.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

6) List the FIVE characteristics of living things AND give an example of each characteristic.

|CHARACTERISTIC |EXAMPLE |

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7) Define stimulus.

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EXAMINING VERY SMALL LIVING THINGS

8) List THREE types of microscopes.

• ____________________________________

• ____________________________________

• ____________________________________

9) Define electron micrograph.

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10) Define scanning electron microscope.

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EARLY MICROSCOPES

11) When were early microscopes built? ___________________________

12) What was the approximate magnification of Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s first microscopes? _____________________

13) What is the proper way to carry a microscope?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14) A compound microscope has ______ sets of lenses. When you look through a compound microscope, you will observe an image that is __________________, __________________, and __________________.

15) Draw how the letter “G” would appear when viewed through a compound light microscope.

16) Define magnification power.

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17) The objective lenses on most compound light microscopes used in schools today have these powers of magnification:

➢ low-power objective lens: ________

➢ medium-power objective lens: ________

➢ high-power objective lens: ________

18) Usually, the lens in the eyepiece has a magnification of ________

19) Define resolving power.

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20) The resolving power of a compound light microscope is about 0.2 microns. Explain what this means.

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1.2 Cells (p.22-39)

USING AN ANALOGY TO UNDERSTAND A CELL

21) Define analogy.

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INSIDE A CELL

22) Define organelle.

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23) Organelles take up about ____ to ___ percent of a cell. The rest of the cell consists of ___________.

24) Define cell membrane.

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25) Define cytoplasm.

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THE FUNCTIONS OF CELL ORGANELLES

26) Define nucleus.

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27) What does DNA stand for? _______________________________

28) What is the function of DNA?

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29) Define mitochondria.

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30) Define cellular respiration.

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31) The total of all the chemical reactions that take place in our cells is called our __________________.

32) Why are there more mitochondria in a muscle cell than in a cheek cell?

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35) Write the equation for cellular respiration in the space below

TYPICAL ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

36) Label the animal cell shown below.

37) Label the plant cell shown below.

ORGANELLES FOR ASSEMBLY, TRANSPORT, AND STORAGE

38) Define the following terms.

|TERM |DEFINITION |

|PROTEINS | |

| | |

|RIBOSOMES | |

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|ENDOPLASMIC | |

|RETICULUM | |

|GOLGI BODY | |

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|VESICLES | |

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|VACUOLES | |

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|LYSOSOME | |

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THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

39) Name the TWO cell parts that are found in plants but not in animals AND give the function of each.

|CELL PART |FUNCTION |

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40) Write the equation for photosynthesis in the space below.

41) List the ways that plant cells differ from animal cells.

• ____________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________

CELL THEORY

42) Who first identified cells? ______________________________ In what year? ______

43) Which scientist proved that living things could not come from non-living things? _____________________________ In what year? _______

44) List the three main principles of the cell theory.

• ____________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________

PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

45) What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

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46) Multicellular organisms and a few unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, are composed of ___________________ cells.

BACTERIA

47) Define bacteria.

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48) To date, there are over ________ different types of bacteria that can be found in environments all over Earth.

49) Give two examples of harmful bacteria.

• ____________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________

50) Give two examples of helpful bacteria.

• ____________________________________________________

• ____________________________________________________

51) Name and draw the three different shapes of bacteria.

|SHAPE |DRAWING |

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VIRUSES

52) Define virus.

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1.3 Diffusion, Osmosis, and the Cell Membrane (p.40-49)

WHAT IS DIFFUSION?

53) Diffusion results when particles move from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of ____________ concentration.

54) Define concentration.

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DIFFUSION AND THE CELL MEMBRANE

55) Why is the cell membrane called a selectively permeable membrane?

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56) Draw and label the diagram in Figure 1.32 on page 42 of your textbook in the space below.

57) Define equilibrium.

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OSMOSIS

58) Osmosis is the diffusion of _____________________________ through a selectively permeable membrane.

59) In osmosis, particles move from an area of _____________ concentration to an area of _____________ concentration.

WATER FLOW THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE

60) To predict the direction of water flow through a cell membrane, you have to compare the _______________________________ on both sides of the membrane.

61) Complete the table shown below.

|SITUATION |DIRECTION OF WATER FLOW |SIZE OF CELL |

|a) there are equal concentrations of water | | |

|inside and outside the cell membrane | | |

|b) there is a higher concentration of water| | |

|outside the cell than inside | | |

|c) there is a higher concentration of water| | |

|inside the cell than outside | | |

APPLICATION OF OSMOSIS

62) Explain how the antibiotic drug penicillin uses the process of osmosis to destroy harmful bacteria.

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REVERSE OSMOSIS

63) Reverse osmosis occurs when water flows from an area of ______________ concentration to an area of ______________ concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

64) Reverse osmosis can happen only when the pressure on the lower concentration side of the membrane is _______________.

65) List four uses of reverse osmosis.

• _______________________________________________

• _______________________________________________

• _______________________________________________

• _______________________________________________

ALL DONE!!

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