Lecture 2: Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory Data ...
[Pages:36]Lecture 2: Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory
Data Analysis
Further Thoughts on Experimental Design
? 16 Individuals (8 each from two populations) with replicates
Pop 1
Pop 2
Randomly sample 4 individuals from each pop Tissue culture and RNA extraction
Labeling and array hybridization
Slide scanning and data acquisition
Repeat 2 times processing 16 samples in total
Repeat entire process producing 2 technical replicates for all 16 samples
Other Business
? Course web-site:
? Homework due on Thursday not Tuesday
? Make sure you look at HW1 soon and see either Shameek or myself with questions
Today
? What is descriptive statistics and exploratory data analysis?
? Basic numerical summaries of data
? Basic graphical summaries of data
? How to use R for calculating descriptive statistics and making graphs
"Central Dogma" of Statistics
Population
Probability
Descriptive Statistics
Sample
Inferential Statistics
EDA
Before making inferences from data it is essential to examine all your variables.
Why?
To listen to the data: - to catch mistakes - to see patterns in the data - to find violations of statistical assumptions - to generate hypotheses ...and because if you don't, you will have trouble later
Types of Data
Categorical
Quantitative
binary
nominal
ordinal
2 categories
more categories order matters
discrete
numerical
continuous
uninterrupted
Dimensionality of Data Sets
? Univariate: Measurement made on one variable per subject
? Bivariate: Measurement made on two variables per subject
? Multivariate: Measurement made on many variables per subject
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