Activity 1.1.2 Design Principles and Elements



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|Activity 1.1.2 Design Principles and Elements |

Introduction

Have you ever noticed how buildings of similar size and shape can have completely different visual effects? Architects, like artists, must understand the elements and principles of design and how they affect the visual impact of the building on a viewer. Whether it is the intent of the architect to create a feeling of strength and stability or to create an unusual form that will elicit a double-take from the public, the elements and principles of design can be used to manipulate the intellectual and emotional reactions of the people who see and use the building.

Equipment

Principles and Elements of Design Applied to Architecture presentation notes

Procedure

In this activity you will identify design elements and principles as they pertain to images of structures.

For each of the following, choose one element of design and one principle of design that you feel is most prominent in the image and then justify your choice.

Word Bank

|Balance |Form |Rhythm |Texture |

|Color |Line |Shape |Unity |

|Emphasis |Proportion/Scale |Space |Value |

|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Unity, Rhythm | |

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|Justification: | |

|Gradated rhythm is shown on the arches going from biggest on | |

|bottom but then smaller on the top. The repetition of columns| |

|show unity. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Texture, Form & Shape | |

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|Justification: | |

|The material of the stone shows a rough-like texture. The | |

|repeated arches are an example of shape and the 3D columns | |

|are an example of form. | |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Balance, Unity | |

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|Justification: | |

|Symmetrical balance is shown. Color and columns display | |

|unity. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Form & Shape, Lines, Texture | |

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|Justification: | |

|Shape of the windows and the form of the dome portray form | |

|and shape. | |

|Vertical columns and horizontal lines that separate floors | |

|are an example of lines. Made of rough materials. | |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Contrast, Proportion & Scale, Balance | |

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|Justification: | |

|The contrast in colors between the pillar and the rectangular| |

|building represent contrast. The pillar is taller than the | |

|box-shaped building. Symmetry is present. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Line, Texture, Form & Shape | |

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|Justification: | |

|Horizontal lines on the wide building show stability. Rough | |

|texture due to the use of stone and brick. There is a box | |

|shaped building therefore showing form and the pillar is | |

|another example of a cylinder shape. | |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

| |City Hall and London Bridge |

|Movement, Balance, | |

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|Justification: | |

|The slant towards the right and the curved lines illustrates | |

|movement. Informal balance due to the fact that the building | |

|is asymmetrical. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Texture, Line, Form | |

|Smooth glass texture and horizontal lines are present. The | |

|irregular form of the building is unique. | |

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|Justification: | |

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| Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Emphasis, | |

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|Justification: | |

|The center mosaic shifts focal point towards the angel in the| |

|middle holding the child. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Color, Shape, Texture | |

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|Justification: | |

|The plethora of colors is visible and there’s a mixture of | |

|cool and warm colors. The eye-like mosaic is unique in shape.| |

|The words engraved on the image displays rough texture. | |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Rhythm, Unity | |

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|Justification: | |

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|The building shows regular rhythm from the top to the bottom | |

|of the building. It is united through repeated triangular | |

|shapes and lines. | |

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|Element of Design | |

|Value, Form & Shape, Texture, Lines | |

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|Justification: | |

|Various shades of blue are present. The triangular shapes are| |

|two dimensional while columns are three dimensional. Smooth | |

|glass embodies the texture. Vertical lines heighten the | |

|building. | |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Emphasis, Rhythm | |

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|Justification: | |

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|The pathway’s color and shape allows the building to be the | |

|main focal point, emphasizing it. The roofs varying sizes | |

|exemplifies gradated rhythm. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Space, Texture, Form & Shape, Lines | |

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|Justification: | |

|The building’s space is open and uncluttered. The texture of | |

|the pathway and house façade is smooth. The arched windows | |

|and doors is an example of form and shape. Curved lines and | |

|horizontals lines are repeated throughout. | |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

| |Roman aqueduct |

|Balance, Rhythm, Unity | |

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|Justification: | |

|There is an asymmetrical balance between the bottom and top | |

|tiers. The arches have a regular rhythm as they are repeated.| |

|Constant arches represent unity with their size and shape. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Texture, Line, Form and Shape | |

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|Justification: | |

|Brick and stone material portrays rough texture. Curved, | |

|vertical, and horizontal lines are shown in and between the | |

|arches. The shape of the arches is an example of form and | |

|shape. | |

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|Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Balance, Rhythm, Contrast | |

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|Justification: | |

|There is a symmetrical balance between the left and right | |

|sides. Repeated rhythm is shown with the columns. The | |

|intricate designs contrast against their background. | |

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|Element of Design | |

|Line, Space, Color | |

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|Justification: | |

|Vertical lines on the columns and curved lines on the arches | |

|are examples of the varying line types. The columns are | |

|evenly spaced between each other. The golden, metallic-like | |

|color is notable. | |

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| Principle of Design | [pic] |

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|Rhythm, Balance | |

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|Justification: | |

|Gradated rhythm is displayed through the protruding size of | |

|the last building. The buildings shown are asymmetrical in | |

|pattern, yet balance each other out. | |

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|Element of Design | |

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|Line, Color, Texture | |

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|Justification: | |

|Vertical and horizontal lines give the illusion of structure.| |

|There is an array of colors between each house. The wood used| |

|on the houses are smooth. | |

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Conclusion

In what way do certain elements or principles identify the time period in which a structure was created?

What factors might account for an incorrect identification?

Describe an example of a way that design principles and elements could impact the function of a building.

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