Development Through the Lifespan
Development Through the Lifespan
Chapter 15
Physical and Cognitive
Development in
Middle Adulthood
Vision and Hearing Changes
in Middle Adulthood
Vision
Presbyopia
Problems reading small print
Bifocals if nearsighted
Difficulties in dim light
Reduced color discrimination
Glaucoma risk
Hearing
Presbycus
Most loss in high tones
Hearing aids can help
Skin Changes in
Middle Adulthood
Wrinkles
Forehead – starting in 30s
Crow’s Feet
Sagging
Face, arms, legs
Age Spots
After age 20
Faster with sun exposure, for women
Muscle-Fat Makeup
in Middle Adulthood
Middle-age spread common – fat gain in torso
Men: upper abdomen, back
Women: waist, upper arms
Very gradual muscle declines
Low-fat, calorie-reduced diet and exercise can help
Menopause
Average age 51
Ranges from 42–58, 10–year climacteric period
Physical & psychological symptoms
Hot flashes, headaches, sleep loss, slower sexual response
Interpretation affects adjustment
Hormone Replacement Therapy controversial
Lifestyle, diet options
Male Reproductive Changes
in Middle Adulthood
Reduced sperm and semen after 40
Gradual testosterone reduction
Sexual activity stimulates production
Erection Problems
Stress, alcohol, heart or other diseases increase
Viagra
Sexuality in Middle Adulthood
Slight drop in frequency among married couples
Continue patterns from early adulthood
More sex in good marriages
Intensity of response declines
Slower arousal; partner may seem less attractive
Gender differences
More women with no partners; lack of opportunity
Leading Causes of Death
in Middle Adulthood
Cancer Sites in the Body
Cardiovascular Disease
Symptoms
Heart attack
Angina pectoris – chest pain
Arrhythmia
Risk Conditions
High blood cholesterol
High blood pressure
Atherosclerosis
Osteoporosis
Bones more porous; lose bone mass
Men: 8–12%
Women: up to 50%
Menopause estrogen drop
speeds bone loss
Bone breaks can be
life-threatening
Prevention, treatment:
Diet – vitamin D, calcium
Weight-bearing exercise
Hormone therapy for women at low cancer risk
Hostility and Health
Expressed Hostility
Frequent angry outbursts
Rudeness, contempt
Disagreeable verbal and nonverbal behavior
Health Effects
Cardiovascular problems
Depression and dissatisfaction
Health complaints, illnesses
Stress Management
Problem-Centered Coping
Identify and appraise problems
Choose and implement potential solutions
Emotion-Centered Coping
Control distress when problem can’t be solved
Hardiness
Control
Regard most experiences as controllable
Commitment
Find interest and meaning in daily activities
Challenge
View as normal part of life, chance for growth
Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
Fluid
Depends on basic information processing skills:
Detecting relationships among stimuli
Analytical speed
Working memory
Crystallized
Skills that depend on:
Accumulated knowledge
Experience
Good judgment
Master of social conventions
Valued by person’s culture
Longitudinal Trends in
Six Mental Abilities
Verbal and Performance IQ
Individual and Group Factors in High Intelligence Scores
Lifestyle
High education
Complex job or leisure
Lasting marriage
High SES
Personal
Flexible personality
Healthy
Sex
Cohort
Perceptual speed
Age-Related Slowing of
Cognitive Processing
Neural Network View
Neurons in brain die
Brain forms new connections
New connections are less efficient
Information-Loss View
Information lost at each step through cognitive system
Whole system slows down to inspect information
Coping with Age-Related Cognitive Slowing
Factual Knowledge
Procedural Knowledge
Metacognitive Knowledge
Practical Problem Solving and Expertise
Practical Problem Solving
Evaluate real-world situations
Achieve goals that have high uncertainty
Expertise
Efficient, effective approaches to solving problems, including practical problems
Organized around abstract principles
Result of years of experience
Vocational Life and
Cognitive Development
Cognitive and personality characteristics affect job choice
Once in job, it affects cognition
Complex work increases cognitive flexibility
Becoming a Student in Midlife
40% of North American college students over age 25
58% are women
Reasons diverse
Job change, better income
Life transition
Personal achievement, self-enrichment
Concerns about handling class work, balancing demands outside school
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.
Related searches
- development through the lifespan pdf
- development across the lifespan pdf
- development through lifespan pdf
- development through the lifespan download
- development through lifespan 6th edition pdf
- development through lifespan textbook pdf
- development over the lifespan psychology
- development across the lifespan exam
- development across the lifespan quiz
- human development across the lifespan pdf
- development through the lifespan 6th
- human development through the lifespan