PSY 240: Review sheet for Exam 3



PSY 351: Review Sheet for Exam 1

Remember: Think conceptually. Don’t merely know the definitions. Don’t just study the description of a term or a theory and not spend time thinking about what it means, how it can be applied to everyday life, how it might compare or contrast with other terms or theories. Within a stage theory, compare and contrast each stage to the stages before and/or after it. Then compare theories—both the overall purpose of each theory and their stage-by-stage patterns: How might stages in one theory be compatible with similar-age stages in another theory? Be able to apply theories to situations: Know the main ideas well enough to identify them if you’re given an example of them. Use both the class notes and the text. Know everything from the notes. If a topic appears in both the notes and the text, focus more on the notes for that topic. Topics below that say (text) are mainly from the text.

Ch. 1: Introduction

Characteristics of development: Core definition; dimensions, pace, levels, and contexts of dev’t

Debates in developmental psychology

Sociocultural contexts: context, culture, ethnicity, gender (text)

Meanings of age (text)

Periods of development through adolescence (text)

Ch. 2: The science developmental psychology

Research Issues:

Definitions of science; where psychology fits within those

Relation of theory and research: inductive and deductive reasoning; what happens over time

Research designs: experiment, survey, systematic observation; correlation v. causation; longitudinal v. cross-sectional

Why is it so important to know the methods of a research study?

Peer review

Ethics: know the general idea of protecting rights, not specific issues (text)

Minimizing bias: gender bias, cultural and ethnic bias (text)

Developmental Theories:

Piaget: his interests, what knowledge is and does, stages and process of development

Vygotsky: general idea of his theory, levels of knowledge, internalization

Freud: his interests, components of personality, developmental stages, overall evaluation

Erikson: general approach toward of development, stages and process of dev’t thru adolescence

Ethological theories: their focus and contributions, Lorenz, Bowlby’s attachment theory (text)

Ecological theory: Bronfenbrenner’s model of development (text)

Ch. 3: Biological beginnings

Evolution: main principles of Darwin’s theory, what it means for human psychology

Chromosomes, DNA, genes (text); genotype, phenotype, reaction range, polygenic inheritance

Behavior genetics: what it is, twin study, adoption study; shared & nonshared environment (text)

Heredity-environment interaction: Scarr’s genotype-environment correlations

Ch. 4: Prenatal development and birth

Germinal period: when is it? what happens? (main developments, not details) (text)

Embryonic period: when is it? organogenesis (text)

Fetal period: when is it? what happens? (main developments, not details) (text)

Teratogen, fetal alcohol syndrome (text; just know what each one is, not the details)

Postpartum issues: Baby blues v. depression; father’s adjustment (text)

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