Royal St. George's College
SBI 4U Ms. GirvanName: ____________________________Date: _____________________________WARD’S: Simulating Urinalysis Lab ActivityObjectives:Learn about urinalysis and its application to the diagnosis of medical disordersPerform urinalysis on four simulated urine samplesExamine information obtained from observation, chemical testing, and microscopic examinationApply principles of urinalysis to the diagnosis of various medical disordersMaterials/Apparatus:10 ml of each simulated urine sample4 x pH stripsBenedict’s solutionBiuret solution6 x Graduated plastic pipettes4 x Medicine cups4 x Microscope slides4 x Cover slips4 x Test tubesBeaker (400ml)Hot plateTest tube holderCompound microscopeHeat protective glovesProcedure:1. Review background information and case studies of patients provided by instructor. Part A: Physical Characteristic ObservationsLabel four medicine cups 1-4. Shake each urine sample thoroughly and dispense 10 ml of each sample into the properly labeled medicine cup. For each urine sample provided, observe and record the colour, clarity, and smell of the urine. Record your findings in Table 1 in the Analysis section. Part B: Testing pHDip a pH strip into the simulated urine from Patient #1. Compare the colour of the test strip to the comparator chart after 20-30 seconds of sampling. Record the pH in Table 1. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the remaining samples.Part C: Testing for Sugar (Benedict’s Test)Place 250 ml of water into a 400 ml beaker and place the beaker on a hot plate. To a test tube, add 3 ml of the simulated urine sample from Patient #1 and 3 ml of Benedict’s solution. Record the initial colour of the solution before heating in Table 2.Using a test tube holder, place your test tube in a hot water bath and allow it to boil for 2 minutes. Remove the sample from the hot water bath and record any colour change in Table 2. Repeat steps 1-4 for the remaining sample .A positive reaction will result in a yellow to red colour. Examine your data and note whether it was a positive or negative reaction. Record your observations in Table 2. Part D: Testing for Protein (Biuret Test)Remove 3 ml of the simulated urine sample from Patient #1, and place it in a test tube. Record the initial colour of the urine in Table 3. Add 1 ml of Biuret solution to the urine and swirl. Record the colour of the solution in Table 3. Repeat steps 1-3 for the remaining samples. A positive test will result in an orange-red colour, and a negative reaction will give a green colour. Examine your data and note whether it was a positive or negative reaction in Table 3. Part E: Microscopic ObservationsLabel four microscope slides 1-4.Gently swirl the urine specimen from Patient #1. Place one drop of simulated urine on a slide and place a cover slip over it. Scan the slide for any cells, red blood cells (visible as small red spheres) or leukocytes (visible as small blue spheres) that may be present. Also look for any crystals that may within the urine. Record your observations in Table 4. Repeat steps 2-6 for the remaining samples. Analysis:SampleColourClaritySmellpHPatient #1Patient #2Patient #3Patient #4Table #1: Physical CharacteristicsSampleColour before heatingColour after heatingResult (+ or -)Patient #1Patient #2Patient #3Patient #4Table #2: Benedict’s TestSampleInitial ColourFinal ColourResult (+ or -)Patient #1Patient #2Patient #3Patient #4Table #3: Biuret TestSampleRed Blood Cells(+ or -)White Blood Cells (+ or -)Crystals (+ or -)Patient #1Patient #2Patient #3Patient #4Table 4: Microscopic ObservationsDiscussion Questions Don’t forget to include the questions with your answers. What disorder does Jeff Jones have? Why do you believe this to be so? (3 marks)What diagnosis would you give Mr. Thompson? What type of casts might be found in his urine? (2 marks)After examining the urine specimen from Ms. Smith and studying her case history, what disorder does she probably have? Explain what lead you to this diagnoses. What type of crystals do you believe would be found in her urine? To what would you attribute the milky colour of her urine? (4 marks)Why is it important to perform tests on a control urine sample not containing any chemical substances? (1 mark)A urine sample from a patient contains albumin, chloride, glucose and phosphate molecules, while a control urine sample contains only chloride and phosphate molecules. What does this tell you about one of the functions of the kidneys? (2 marks)Suppose a urine sample revealed results differing from the norm (e.g. colour, pH, abnormal substances present), should the physician always make an immediate diagnosis of a disorder? Why or why not? (2 marks)Why is it important to develop a case history of the physical symptoms of each patient to be used along with the physical tests performed on the patient’s urine specimen? (2 marks)Urinalysis is an important diagnostic tool for the determination of medical disorders. Urinalysis has many other uses. Research one such use and describe it below. Be sure to include a proper reference for your research within the text of your answer and in your literature cited. (2 marks) ................
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