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AOHS Foundations of Anatomy and Physiology ILesson 2Surfaces, Planes, and DirectionsStudent ResourcesResourceDescriptionStudent Resource 2.1Chart: Body Planes, Directions, and CavitiesStudent Resource 2.2Labeling: Body Planes, Directions, and CavitiesStudent Resource 2.3Lab: Pickle DissectionStudent Resource 2.1Chart: Body Planes, Directions and CavitiesDirections: Use this chart to help you memorize the terms in the first column. This chart will also serve as a reference when you do assignments and when you need to describe the location of something in the body. Planes of the BodyPlaneDrawingDefinitionExampleSagittalDivides body into right and left portions The heart surgeon made a sagittal incision to open the patient’s chest.FrontalDivides body into front and back portionsThe radiologist took a frontal X-ray of the patient’s injured hip.TransverseDivides body into top and bottom portionsArmand got a transverse break in his thighbone when he fell in a skiing accident. Directions of the BodyDirectionDrawingDefinitionExampleAnterior(ventral)In front of, toward the front of the bodyThe breastbone is anterior to the spine.Posterior(dorsal)Behind, or toward the back of the bodyThe heart is posterior to the breastbone.SuperiorAbove, or toward the head or upper part of the bodyThe forehead is superior to the nose.InferiorBelow, or toward the lower part of a structure or of the bodyThe hips are inferior to the ribs.MedialToward, or at the midline of the body, on the inner side ofThe heart is medial to the arm.LateralAway from the midline of the body, on the outer side ofThe arms are lateral to the chest.ProximalClose to, or toward the point of attachment to the trunk of the bodyThe elbow is proximal to the wrist (it is closer to where the arm connects to the trunk).DistalFarther from, or away from the point of attachment to the trunk of the bodyThe knee is distal to the thigh.SuperficialToward the body surfaceThe skin is superficial to the skeleton.DeepAway from the body surface, more internalThe lungs are deep to the rib cage.Body CavitiesCavityDrawing ContainsCranialBrainSpinalSpinal cordThoracicLungs, heartAbdominalStomach, kidneys, intestines, other organsPelvicBladder, reproductive organs, rectum, lower parts of intestinesDorsalThe larger cavity that contains the cranial and spinal cavities.VentralThe larger cavity that contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities. Student Resource 2.2Labeling: Body Planes, Directions, and CavitiesStudent Name(s):_____________________________________________________ Date:___________Directions: On your own or with a partner, use the appropriate term to label each plane shown in the diagram below. Then follow the directions provided for labeling each of the diagrams that follow.Body DirectionsDirections: Label each of the arrows with the directional term it indicates.Body CavitiesDirections: On the diagram on the left, label the two major body cavity regions and the five cavities within them. Also label the three cavities that are shown again in the frontal view at the right.Student Resource 2.3Lab: Pickle DissectionStudent Names:_______________________________________________________ Date:___________Follow the directions below to fill in each section as you complete your dissection.PART 1. Examine the outside of your pickle “patient” for any irregularities, scars, bumps, and so on. Draw both a ventral and a dorsal view of your pickle, noting any unique features. You can also make notes below.Dorsal viewVentral viewNotes___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PART 2. Using the dissecting knife, open the ventral cavity by making a deep, Y-shaped incision. The arms of the Y should start just anterior to the shoulders, and should join at a point just inferior to the breastbone. Continue in a single cut extending inferiorly through the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Draw your patient, showing the incisions, and include the following labels:a. Anterior surface of shouldersb. Inferior point of breastbonec. Abdominal cavityd. Pelvic cavity e. As your incision passes through the abdominal and pelvic cavities, what plane does it follow? f. What are some organs you can see inside these cavities in a human being?PART 3. Close the ventral region of the body and turn the patient over so the dorsal side is facing up. Make two lateral cuts, each beginning just inferior to the armpits and ending just superior to the legs. Make an incision that connects the two inferior points of the armpits and another that connects the two superior points of the legs. Make an incision in the frontal plan using the previous cuts as borders. Remove the rectangle of tissue you have just incised. Draw the patient and add the following labels:a. Inferior points of armpitsb. Superior points of legsc. Spinal cavityd. Lateral cutsDraw the tissue you removed and label these parts of the tissue:e. Deep tissuef. Superficial tissuePART 4. Clean up your station: Dispose of your pickle as your teacher instructs.Return your goggles and gloves. Clean your dissecting tray and any tools you used, and return them as your teacher instructs. ................
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