Name # Class Ecology & Human Impact Regents Review

Name ______________

# ______ Ecology & Human Impact Regents Review

1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a food web in an ecosystem.

Class _________

Which row in the chart below best identifies the relationships between the mice and the wheat?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

2. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of a lake ecosystem below and on your knowledge of biology. the diagram shows a cross section of a deep lake. the dashed line which separates level A from level B indicates the depth beyond which light cannot penetrate

Which type of organism that ordinarily inhabits a lake ecosystem would not be found in level B because of the lack of light penetration?

A) decomposers

B) scavengers

C) carnivores

D) producers

# ______ 3. The graph below represents a change in event A that leads to changes in events B and C.

Which row in the chart best identifies each event in the graph?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

4. For a natural ecosystem to be self-sustaining, many essential chemical elements must be

A) converted to energy B) changed into fossil fuels such as oil and coal C) permanently removed from the environment D) cycled between organisms and the environment

5. Due to overfishing, the number of fish in the ocean could drastically decrease. This will cause

A) an increase in the stability of the oceans B) an increase in the salt content of the oceans C) a decrease in the stability of the oceans D) a decrease in the oxygen available in the oceans

6. The carrying capacity of a given environment is least dependent upon

A) recycling of materials B) the available energy C) the availability of food and water D) daily temperature fluctuations

D) 4

7. Which is a biotic factor in the environment of a fresh-water fish?

A) the amount of light penetrating the water B) the temperature of the water C) the mud on the pond bottom D) the algae growing in the water

8. Which statement illustrates a biotic resource interacting with an abiotic resource?

A) A rock moves during an earthquake. B) A sea turtle transports a pilot fish to food. C) A plant absorbs sunlight, which is used for photosynthesis. D) Wind causes waves to form on a lake.

9. Forests, mountains, rivers, and marshes are examples of the wide variety of ecosystems in New York State. The diversity of these ecosystems is most likely the result of

A) the variety of abiotic conditions in these regions B) interactions between producers and decomposers C) increased efforts to protect endangered species D) a lack of competition between the heterotrophs living there

# ______

10.The chart below shows the environmental functions that some organisms perform in a stable ecosystem.

How would a decrease in the number of organisms that perform these functions most likely affect the ecosystem?

A) The interactions between other organisms would stop immediately.

B) The functions carried out by these organisms would no longer be necessary.

C) The ecosystem would remain stable. D) The ecosystem would become less stable.

11. In ecology, a population is defined as all the

A) members of a single species in the biosphere B) members of a given genus inhabiting a given area C) members of a single species inhabiting a given area D) abiotic and biotic factors in a given location

12. A group of organisms within a given area capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring under natural conditions is called

A) an ecosystem C) a food web

B) a community D) a population

13. Which statement describes the ecosystem represented in the diagram below?

A) This ecosystem would be the first stage in ecological succession..

B) This ecosystem would most likely lack decomposers

C) All of the organisms in this ecosystem are producers. D) All of the organisms in this ecosystem depend on the activities

of biological catalysts.

14. Owls periodically expel a mass of undigested material known as a pellet. A student obtained several owl pellets from the same location and examined the animal remains in the pellets. He then recorded the number of different prey animal remains in the pellets. The student was most likely studying the

A) evolution of the owl B) social structure of the local owl population C) role of the owl in the local ecosystem D) life cycle of the owl

15. In a forest community, a shelf fungus and a slug live on the side of a decaying tree trunk. The fungus digests and absorbs materials from the tree, while the slug eats algae growing on the outside of the trunk. These organisms do not compete with one another because they occupy

A) the same habitat, but different niches B) the same niche, but different habitats C) the same niche and the same habitat D) different habitats and different niches

16. When two different bird species temporarily occupy the same niche, they would most likely

A) change their nesting behaviors B) not affect one another C) interbreed to form a new species D) compete with one another

17. Knowing the type of food consumed by an organism helps to identify the role of the organism in the community. This role is known as its

A) nesting site C) biomass

B) territorial range D) niche

18. In early spring, many wildflowers begin to grow, produce flowers, and release seeds. The leaves of the wildflowers make food before the leaves of the trees in the area begin to develop. The early growth pattern of the wildflowers would likely result in

A) decreased competition for sunlight between the trees and the wildflowers

B) decreased competition for suitable temperature between the trees and the wildflowers

C) increased competition for space between the trees and the wildflowers

D) increased competition for oxygen between the trees and the wildflower

19. In an ecosystem, the presence of many different species is critical for the survival of some forms of life when

A) ecosystems remain stable over long periods of time B) significant changes occur in the ecosystem C) natural selection does not occur D) the finite resources of Earth increase

# ______

20. Base your answer to the following question on the passage below and on your knowledge of biology.

Research indicates that many plants prevent the growth of other plants in their habitat by releasing natural herbicides (chemicals that kill plants). These substances are known as allelochemicals and include substances such as quinine, caffeine, and digitalis. Experiments have confirmed that chemicals in the bark and roots of black walnut trees are toxic, and when released into the soil they limit the growth of crop plants such as tomatoes, potatoes, and apples. Allelochemicals can alter growth and enzyme action, injure the outer cover of a seed so the seed dies, or stimulate seed growth at inappropriate times of the year. Studies on allelochemical effects help explain the observation that almost nothing grows under a black walnut tree even though light and moisture levels are adequate for growth.

The release of allelochemicals into the soil under a black walnut tree will result in

A) a decrease in biodiversity and a competitive advantage for the tree B) an increase in biodiversity and a competitive advantage for the tree C) a decrease in biodiversity and a competitive disadvantage for the tree D) an increase in biodiversity and a competitive disadvantage for the tree

21. In a pine forest, there are different species of birds known as warblers that are able to coexist on the same pine trees. The Cape May warblers feed on insects located on the tips of the highest pine branches. The yellow-rumped warblers feed on insects on lower branches of the same trees. The different feeding locations for these two species of warblers indicate that they have different

24. Increased efforts to conserve areas such as rain forests are necessary in order to

A) protect biodiversity B) promote extinction of species C) exploit finite resources D) increase industrialization

A) niches B) ecosystems C) methods of asexual reproduction D) methods of selective breeding

22. Cutting down a rain forest and planting agricultural crops, such as coffee plants, would most likely result in

A) a decrease in biodiversity B) an increase in the amount of energy recycled C) a decrease in erosion D) an increase in the amount of photosynthesis

23. Which ecosystem has a better chance of surviving when environmental conditions change over a long period of time?

A) one with a great deal of genetic diversity B) one with plants and animals but no bacteria C) one with animals and bacteria but no plants D) one with little or no genetic diversity

# ______

Base your answers to questions 25 and 26 on the information below.

An ecologist passed through different biomes while driving up a high mountain. At the lowest elevation (sea level), the ecologist saw deep-green vegetation, many birds, and small mammals. At the highest elevation, the ecologist saw bare rock, very little vegetation, and few birds.

25. Which change was most likely encountered as the ecologist drove up the mountain?

A) an increase in the diversity of species B) an increase in the amount of atmospheric oxygen C) a decrease in temperature D) a decrease in latitude

26. Which sequence of biomes did the ecologist most likely pass through while driving from the lowest elevation to the highest elevation of this mountain?

A) grassland ? tundra ? taiga B) taiga ? tundra ? temperate deciduous forest C) tundra ? temperate deciduous forest ? taiga D) temperate deciduous forest ? taiga ? tundra

27. Base your answer to the following question on the biome, chosen from the list below, to which those organisms most likely belong. Then record its number on the separate answer paper.

Biomes (1) Tundra (2) Taiga (3) Temperate deciduous forest (4) Tropical rain forest (5) Desert

Cacti and lizards

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

E) 5

28. Which is characteristic of environmental conditions in the oceans?

A) scarcity of consumer organisms B) wide variation in moisture C) inadequate supply of minerals D) stability of temperatures

29. In which biome are the abiotic factors most constant?

A) ocean C) deciduous forest

B) desert D) tundra

30. Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge has been developed from an abandoned airport to restore habitat for six species of birds that require an area rich in tall grasses. Workers must continually remove trees that are beginning to invade the area as a result of

A) direct harvesting C) evolutionary change

B) genetic engineering D) ecological succession

31. Which animal species are part of the climax fauna throughout most of New York State?

A) caribou, crow, and snowy owl B) elk, moose, and black bear C) gray squirrel, fox, and deer D) water snake, grizzly bear, and mayfly

32. In New York State, small farms that were abandoned many years ago have become hardwood forests. This is an example of

A) local deforestation C) ecological succession

B) biotechnology D) habitat loss

33. A pond ecosystem may be replaced by a terrestrial ecosystem over a period of time. The type of terrestrial ecosystem that will be established depends on the

A) climatic limitations of the geographic area of the pond B) number of carnivores present within the geographic area of

the pond C) concentration of nitrogen dissolved in the pond water D) rate of photosynthesis in autotrophs growing in the pond

water

34. After a fire destroys a forest, the area will most likely

A) remain bare land indefinitely

B) develop into a desert area

C) develop into an entirely different type of forest after hundreds of years

D) recover through gradual changes back to a point of long-term stability

35. Which process is represented in the diagram below?

A) energy flow

B) biological evolution

C) cellular communication D) ecological succession

36. As water cycles through an ecosystem, which process returns it to the atmosphere?

A) hydrolysis C) condensation

B) transpiration D) cyclosis

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