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Complementary and Alternative MedicineMiles HoltHW499-01: Bachelors Capstone in Heath & WellnessUnit 5 Assignment Website Pt. 2Prof. Edward Eaves31 July 2013Complementary and Alternative Medicine Materials for the course: Course syllabus, Lecture notes and Handout will be provided for each class. Requirements: This class is open to the local community center and anyone who wants to attend.Course Overview: Over the next three days we will discuss Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), what CAM is and some of the different modalities of CAM. Course Objectives: By the end of this three day class you will able to identify and compare some of the different methodological approaches and theoretical concepts of CAM. You will have a better understanding of mind-body medicine and manipulative-body based methods and how they differ from conventional medicine. Course Syllabus Day one Introduction/About MeIntroduction to CAMWhat is CAM?Types of CAM approachesWho uses CAM?Questions and answering session Day TwoOverview of manipulative and body based methods. Massage therapy What is massage therapyHow does massage therapy work Types of massage therapy Reflexology What is reflexology Why people use reflexologyQuestions and answering sessionDay Three Overview of mind-body medicineDiaphragmatic Breathing What is diaphragmatic breathing How to diaphragmatic breath Benefits of diaphragmatic breathing Meditation What is meditation? How to meditateTypes of meditation Question and answering session Class will end with a short meditation exercise. Hand Outs for Day One, Two and ThreeDay One Lecture NotesIntroductions/About Me: I would like to welcome you all to this three day class on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Over the next three days we will discuss the numerous topics described on the syllabus. Each class will last approximately one and half hours and each day we will cover different methodological approaches and theoretical concepts of CAM. There will be time at the end of each class for questions you might have regarding the topic covered. The last day of class will end with a short guided meditation session. About Me: My name is Miles Holt, you can call me Miles. I am a senior at Kaplan University studying Health and Wellness. I was born and raised in Nashville, Tennessee. I served for 23 years in the United States Army. Since my retirement from the army I have worked and traveled to various places around the world before permanently making my home in beautiful British Columbia, Canada. My extracurricular activities include fitness training, photography and aviation. My educational and professional goals are to obtain a BS from KU and work in the field of Health and Wellness.I have fitness certifications in the United States and Canada. US certifications: US Army Master Fitness Instructor, ACE Fitness certified with specialty certification as a Personal trainer, Group fitness?instructor, and Advanced?health & fitness specialist. Canadian certification: British Columbia Recreation and Parks Association?(BCRPA) Certified as a Personal Trainer, and Group Fitness Instructor.Overview of CAM CAM has been around for as long as I can remember. I remember my mother using some crazy remedies for relieving a fever that I had as a child. I recall her telling me that if I had a leg cramp to soak in hot water with Epson salt. According to Micozzi (2011) CAM can trace its roots to its use during the American frontier from 1492-1942, when the early settlers came to the new world with their practices for healing patients, only to find that the natives were using techniques passed down from generations and using medicines made from natural grown plants to accomplish the same thing (p. 3). Almost everyone has used some form of CAM in their lifetime; CAM has come a long way since the frontier days. People all over the world consider CAM use just as important and effective as biomedicine. What is CAM?The National Institute of Health describes CAM as a diverse group of medical practices and use of natural products that are not considered to be mainstream western or conventional medicine. Western medicine, sometimes called allopathic medicine focuses on healing physical symptoms is practiced by medical doctors (MD), doctors of osteopathy (DO) and allied health professionals such as registered nurses, physical therapist, and psychologist process (NIH, 2013). Eastern medicine uses a more holistic approach to healing by focusing on the whole body therapeutic process. Techniques such as acupuncture, herbal therapy, massage, and meditation therapy provide comical and natural order of healing which focuses on the total person as well as the physical person (Schlitz & Amorok & Micozzi, 2005). Types of CAMThere are many different types of CAM practices and as explained earlier, CAM has been around for a long time and almost everyone has used some form of CAM in their lifetime. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) has classified and placed CAM use into five categories. Alternative Medical Systems use therapy such as Acupuncture, a technique in which practitioners stimulate specific points on the body by inserting thin needles through the?skin to relieve pain or stress. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) uses a complete system of medicine that combines practices such as acupuncture, herbal therapy, massage, and meditation therapy to correct an imbalance of some aspect of vital energy Qi a vital energy of life (NCCAM, 2013).Mind-body medicine use therapies designed to enhance the minds capacity to affect body functions and symptoms. Techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing also known as deep breathing is known to help with relaxation, stress, headaches, depression and anxiety. Yoga focuses on physical postures which have an effect on the mind, body, and spirit. Yoga is known to aid in relaxation, sleep, pain relief, stress and a number of health related problems (NCCAM, 2013). Biologically-Based Therapies use substances such as diet, dietary supplements, and herbal products as CAM practices (NCCAM, 2013). Manipulative and Body-Based Methods use manipulation and movement of one or more parts of the body. Practices such as reflexology which focuses on areas of the feet and hands that correspond to specific organs, glands and other parts of the body to relieve stress and tension. Massage therapy which is used to relieve stress, tension, pain relief, support rehabilitation and enhance relaxation (NCCAM, 2013). Energy Therapies involves the use of energy fields that surround or penetrate the human body. Exercises such as Qigong and Tai Chi which uses a combination of movement, meditation and breathing to balance the flow of energy through the body to affect health (NCCAM, 2013). .Who uses CAM?It is evident that people are moving towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use in today’s society. CAM and its different modalities when used together are great for healing the human body as a whole and not just treating the symptom. Proper diet and nutrition are essential to staying healthy and fit. Using substances found in nature, such as herbs, foods, and vitamins to strengthen, heal, and balance the body, taking vitamins and supplements help keep your mind clear, your body strong and well balanced (CCFA, 2009).According to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) an increasing number of American’s have used or are currently using some form of CAM and its different modalities. Natural products and dietary supplements is the most used form of CAM followed by mind-body practices such as message, meditation, diaphragmatic breathing, yoga, chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation (NCCAM, 2013). QuestionsThis concludes the first day of class. I will gladly answer any questions you may have about any of the topics covered today. Day Two Lecture NotesManipulative and Body-Based Methods Overview Manipulative and body-based practices use movement of one or more parts of the body as a means of achieving health and healing. These CAM practices place their focus primarily on the manipulation of bones, joints, soft tissue, the circulatory and lymphatic systems. Interventions and therapies such as chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation, massage therapy, reflexology, Rolfing, Alexander technique, Therapeutic touch and Feldenkrais method all fall under the manipulative and body-based CAM practices. Some of these practices have been used as traditional medicine for centuries in countries like China, India and Egypt. In America practices such as chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation are young in its existence requiring practitioners to have formal training in anatomy and physiology. While chiropractic and osteopathic manipulation use rapid movement to achieve the goals of health and healing, practices such as massage therapy use a slow intense movement to get deep into the soft tissue to relieve pain and produce proper blood flow in the body (NCCAM, 2013). What is Massage Therapy? Massage therapy, also known as Swedish massage is one of the most popular used forms of CAM therapy in the United States. The therapist usually press, rub and use long, slow smooth strokes to penetrate deep into muscle and soft tissue. They most often use their hand, fingers, elbows, forearms or feet to massage body parts using oils and lotions to reduce friction on the skin. A message session may be fairly brief or last an hour or longer (, 2013). How does massage therapy work?The use of message therapy is helpful in relieving pain without the use of pharmaceutical drugs. Massage is believed to support healing, boost energy, reduce recovery time after an injury, ease pain and enhance relaxation, mood, and well-being. It is useful for many musculoskeletal problems, such as low back pain, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, sprains and strains. Clinical studies show that massage relieves chronic back pain more effectively than other treatments (including acupuncture and conventional medical care for this condition) and, in many cases, costs less than other treatments (, 2013). Types of massage therapySwedish message may be the most popular used technique in the United States, but there are other types of massage therapies. Sports massage, similar to the Swedish massage is specifically tailored to athletes. Deep tissue and trigger point massage focuses on knots in the muscles that may cause symptoms elsewhere in the body. Thai massage uses a series of yoga like stretches that are both energizing and relaxing. Aromatherapy massage use highly concentrated plant oils called essential oils, added to the massage oil. The aroma of the oils when inhaled affects the limbic system which controls the emotions and influences the nervous system and hormones. The effects of an aromatherapy massage can be calming, uplifting, energizing, cleansing and decongesting (Wong, 2013). What is Reflexology? Reflexology is a manipulative body-based form of CAM that involves manipulation of the feet and hands. There are reflex areas on the feet and hands that are linked to organs, glands and other parts of the body. The tips of the toes reflect the head; the balls of the feet reflect the chest area and heart, the arches of the feet reflect the kidneys, pancreas and liver, and the heels reflect the lower back and intestines. By applying pressure to certain reflex areas on the feet and hands can promote health in corresponding organs through energetic pathways. Reflexology was introduced as a form of zone therapy by Dr. William H. Fitzgerald in 1915 and further developed in the 1930’s by American physiotherapist Eunice Ingram (Wong, 2013). Why do people use Reflexology? Reflexology is becoming more popular as a form of CAM. Americans are using reflexology as a way to relieve stress related conditions, sore feet, improve circulation, reduce pain and improve overall healing. Reflexology is being used in hospitals as a post-op recovery and palliative care. The American cancer society found that one-third of cancer patients are using reflexology as a CAM treatment. It is also noted that while this treatment is helpful, it should not replace medical treatment.QuestionsThis concludes the second day of class. I will gladly answer any questions you may have about any of the topics covered today. Day Three Lecture NotesOverview of Mind-body MedicineMind-body medicine is a CAM therapy used to enhance the minds capacity to positively influence health, affect body functions and symptoms. Mind-body medicines roots can be traced back to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TMC). The Chinese believe there is an important link between the mind and body with Qi being the basis for all therapeutic modes of TMC including acupuncture, herbal therapy, massage, relaxation, and meditation therapy (Schlitz & Amorok & Micozzi, 2005). Types of Mind-body Medicine Forms of mind-body medicine include: Biofeedback - involves patients who are trained to improve their health by learning to control certain internal body functions such as blood pressure and heart rate.Cognitive behavioral therapy - which is used to help patients change dysfunctional thought patterns. Relaxation Techniques - such as diaphragmatic breathing also known as deep breathing is known to help with relaxation, stress, headaches, depression and anxiety. Yoga - focuses on physical postures which have an effect on the mind, body, and spirit. Yoga is known to enhance relaxation, sleep, relieve pain, stress and benefit a number of health related problems (NCCAM, 2013). What is Diaphragmatic Breathing?Diaphragmatic breathing is known by many names such as abdominal breathing, belly breathing, or deep breathing. Diaphragmatic breathing has been noted to ease pain during child birth and other stressful situations. This style of deep breathing has been shown to relax the body and present a calming effect allowing for a slower and deeper breathing cycle. Diaphragmatic breathing is also thought to have therapeutic power associated with higher consciousness or spirituality (Seaward, 2009). How to diaphragmatic breathBreathing is something we do normally, most of us were taught at an early age to breathe using the top part of the chest and thoracic cavity while placing little emphases on the lower abdominal movement. Diaphragmatic breathing involves slow and deep inhalation through the nose and exhalation through the mouth placing while placing increased emphases on the lower abdominal movement (Seaward, 2009). Benefits of diaphragmatic breathingThe benefits of diaphragmatic breathing have been noted to aid in child birth, stressful situations, relax the body and present a calming effect allowing for a slower and deeper breathing cycle. Diaphragmatic breathing is also thought to have therapeutic power associated with higher consciousness or spirituality (Seaward, 2009). Meditation Meditation as a form of CAM is a crucial component of mental and spiritual fitness because it tempers the mind and spirit. Mediation helps quite the mind and the thoughts that pass through it. Meditation can increase your attention-span and awareness of yourself. Self-awareness leads to more meaningful relations and understanding. This also helps the mind by tempering the spirit. Meditation is one of the easiest practices we can adopt for inner peace and human flourishing (Dacher, 2006). How to MeditateMeditation is one of the easiest practices and anyone can do it. It’s inexpensive, requires little space and no equipment. All you need to do is close your eyes, think of calming thoughts, relaxation and inner peace. Once you inter a state of total relaxation, focus on eliminating the jumbled web of stressful thoughts resulting in an enhanced physical and emotional state of well-being. Types of Meditation There are several types of meditation and relaxation practices you can use to relieve stress and find inner peace. Guided meditation – uses guided imagery or visualization of places you find relaxing to place you in a state of relaxation. Using your senses of smell, sound, sight and texture is helpful to relax. This type of meditation can be done with the assistance of an instructor or you can do it alone. Mantra meditation – Repeating a calming word, phrase or thought to prevent distracting thoughts places you in a state of relaxation and inner peace. Mindfulness meditation – Helps you to become aware of living in the present moment, and to broaden your conscious awareness. This type of meditation allows you to observe thoughts and emotions and let them pass without judgment. Qi gong – is used to restore and maintain balance. This type of meditation combines meditation, relaxation, physical movement and breathing exercises. Qi gong is part of Traditional Chines Medicine (TMC). Tai chi – is a form of Chines martial arts that uses slow graceful movements while practicing deep breathing to promote relaxation and inner calm. Yoga – uses a series of postures and controlled breathing exercises to promoted flexibility and a calm mind. This type of meditation requires balance and deep concentration; it allows you to focus on the moment and less on the stressors of the day (Mayo Clinic, 2013). QuestionsThis concludes the last day of class. I will gladly answer any questions you may have about any of the topics covered today. Class will end with a short guided meditation exercise.Day One Hand Outs CAM has been around from the 1400’s to today. CAM uses a holistic approach to healing by focusing on the whole body therapeutic process. There are many different types of CAM practices.The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) shows an increasing number of American’s have used or are currently using some form of CAM and its different modalities.Day Two Hand Outs Manipulative and body-based practices use movement of one or more parts of the body as a means of achieving health and healing.Massage therapy, also known as Swedish massage is one of the most popular used forms of CAM therapy in the United States.Massage is believed to support healing, boost energy, reduce recovery time after an injury, ease pain and enhance relaxation, mood, and well-being.There are several types of massage therapies.Reflexology is a manipulative body-based form of CAM that involves manipulation of the feet and hands.Americans are using reflexology as a way to relieve stress related conditions, sore feet, improve circulation, reduce pain and improve overall healing.Day Three Hand Outs Mind-body medicine is a CAM therapy used to enhance the minds capacity to positively influence health, affect body functions and symptoms.There are many forms of mind-body medicine such as Biofeedback, Cognitive behavioral therapy, Relaxation Techniques, and Yoga. Diaphragmatic breathing and its benefits. Meditation as a form of CAM and the many types of meditation. ReferencesCCFA. (2009). Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM). Retrieved August 3, 2013 form Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America: , E. (2006). Integral health. The path of human flourishing. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications, Inc. Images courtesy of GoogleNCCAM. (2013). 5 types of complementary and alternative medicine. Retrieved August 2, 2013 from . (2013). Manipulative and body-based practices. Retrieved August 2, 2013 from . (2013). Complementary and alternative medicine. Retrieved August 2, 2013 from Clinic. (2013 ). Meditation: A simple, fast way to reduce stress. Retrieved August 4, 2013 from . (2013). Defining massage therapy. Retrieved August 3, 2013 from , M. S. (2011). Fundamentals of complementary and alternative medicine. St. Louis, MO: Saunders/Elsevier.Schlitz, M., & Amorok, T., & Micozzi, M.S. (2005). Consciousness & Healing: Integral Approaches to Mind-Body Medicine. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. (pp. 397-433). Seaward, Brian. (2009). Managing Stress: Strategies for Health and Wellbeing. 6th Edition. (chap. 17) Sudbury, MA; Jones and Bartlett.Quantum Health. (n.d.). About mind/body medicine. Retrieved August 4, 2013 from , C. (2007). Massage therapy. Retrieved August 4, 2013 from ................
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