How did these planks (parts) of the Republican platform ...



Unit 2: The Gilded AgeDue Friday 9/27At home, research one of the following industrialists of the late 1800s. Cornelius Vanderbilt John D. RockefellerAndrew CarnegieAndrew MellonJP MorganJay GouldJames B. DukeLeland StanfordAnswer all of the following questions about this individual:What year was he born? What year did he die?Where was he born?What industry was he most known for controlling?Which company is he most associated with?What SPECIFIC things did he do to benefit society?Did this guy ever give money to a university? Which one(s)?What unethical business practices did he use?Which type of integration did this industrialist use: vertical or horizontal (or both)?“Robber Baron” was a term during the late 1800s to describe a business-owner that only cared about profits, and ruthlessly tried to make as much money as possible at whatever cost to workers, other business owners, and/or society. “Captain of Industry” was also a term during this time used to describe business owner. However, a “Captain of Industry” was an innovative business owner who ran a successful company by making cheap, innovative products and by outmaneuvering business opponents. Which term would you use to describe the individual you looked up: a “Robber Baron” or a “Captain of Industry”? Explain your answer in complete sentences.Due Monday 9/30DBQ11: The Industrial Boom documents (attached)Due Thursday 10/3Chinese Exclusion Act document (attached)Due Friday 10/4Boss Tweed/Urban Political Machines Reading (38.d attached) and questions below:Describe a political machine.What is a political boss?What types of activities did political machines and bosses engage in?Who was William “Boss” Tweed?What role did Thomas Nast play in Tweed’s downfall?Why did the political machines and bosses target immigrants?Due Monday 10/7 Nativism Essay (This is a quiz grade…be sure to turn it in!)EXAM TUESDAY 10/8PROJECT DUE THURSDAY 10/10DBQ 11:The Industrial BoomName___________________________________Doc.1 The following are excerpts from the 1860 Republican Party platform.529936117129. . . sound policy requires ... an adjustment of ... imposts [tariffs) ... to encourage the development of the industrial interests of the whole country.......we commend that policy of national exchanges which secures to the ...nation commercial prosperity and independence.......the Republican party is opposed to any change in our naturalization laws, or any state legislation by which the rights ofimmigrants from foreign lands shall be abridged [reduced] or impaired [harmed].. . . appropriations by Congress for river and harbor improvements ...required for the accommodation and security of our ... commerce, are ...justified by the obligations of government. ...... a railroad to the Pacific Ocean is imperatively demanded by the interests of the whole countrythe. Federal government ought to render immediate and efficient aid in its construction.00. . . sound policy requires ... an adjustment of ... imposts [tariffs) ... to encourage the development of the industrial interests of the whole country.......we commend that policy of national exchanges which secures to the ...nation commercial prosperity and independence.......the Republican party is opposed to any change in our naturalization laws, or any state legislation by which the rights ofimmigrants from foreign lands shall be abridged [reduced] or impaired [harmed].. . . appropriations by Congress for river and harbor improvements ...required for the accommodation and security of our ... commerce, are ...justified by the obligations of government. ...... a railroad to the Pacific Ocean is imperatively demanded by the interests of the whole countrythe. Federal government ought to render immediate and efficient aid in its construction.'How did these planks (parts) of the Republican platform promote the industrial and commercial growth of the country?Doc. 2Political party control of the presidency, 1860-1900How do Documents 3 and 4 help explain why industry boomed in the late 19th century?DatesPresidentPolitical Party1861-1865LincolnRepublican1865-1869JohnsonDemocrat*1869-1877GrantRepublican1877-1881HayesRepublican1881-1881GarfieldRepublican1881-1885ArthurRepublican1885-1889ClevelandDemocrat1889-1893HarrisonRepublican1893-1897ClevelandDemocrat1897-1901McKinnleyRepublicanDoc. 3 In the 1850s, the English government sent a committee of businessmen to the United States to study how American industrialists operated their factories. Here is a brief excerpt from the report written in 1854.644236123075MIies of railroad track in the U.S., 1860-1900200,000---------------------------------------------------------------------- 160,000 140,000 _________________________,_ _e_ 100,000 ---------I 0 ao.ooo60,000 40,000 20,000120,000 _,_----- --0186018701880Year1890190000MIies of railroad track in the U.S., 1860-1900200,000---------------------------------------------------------------------- 160,000 140,000 _________________________,_ _e_ 100,000 ---------I 0 ao.ooo60,000 40,000 20,000120,000 _,_----- --0186018701880Year18901900. . . everything that could be done to reduce labour in the movement of materials from one point to another was adopted. This includes mechanical arrangements for lifting material, etc. from one floor to another, carriages for conveying material on the same floor, and such like.How would the system described above help to cut labor costs and make factory production more efficient?Doc.4. Summarize the information in the chart in 1 sentence.Explain how the growth of the railroad promoted industrialization.The Chinese Exclusion ActAs more and more Chinese arrived in the West in the mid-19th century, some white Americans began to view them with suspicion and hostility. Anti-Chinese clubs were formed, and violence against Chinese immigrants flared. By the late 1800s, prominent citizens in California pressured Congress to pass a law preventing any more Chinese from entering the United States. A law was passed in 1879, but President Hayes vetoed it because it violated rights guaranteed to the Chinese in an 1868 treaty. The treaty was then revised to answer these objections. Believing itself freed from the constraints of the treaty, Congress passed the first exclusion act in 1882. Great controversy raged over this and subsequent exclusion acts passed in 1892 and 1902.4138295318135"The Chinese law ..·. was justified by the circumstances prevailing in this country; it was in accordance with the treaties made between this Government and China; it imposed no undue or unjust hardship upon the Chinese people here, and was a proper and just exercise of power on the part of this country....American interests in the far West, the maintenance of American civilization, and the just protection of American labor from Chinese competition, is of more consequence than the profits of the Chinese trade, or the maintenance of missionary stations in China."-Representative Thomas Geary of California, The North AmericanReview, July 189300"The Chinese law ..·. was justified by the circumstances prevailing in this country; it was in accordance with the treaties made between this Government and China; it imposed no undue or unjust hardship upon the Chinese people here, and was a proper and just exercise of power on the part of this country....American interests in the far West, the maintenance of American civilization, and the just protection of American labor from Chinese competition, is of more consequence than the profits of the Chinese trade, or the maintenance of missionary stations in China."-Representative Thomas Geary of California, The North AmericanReview, July 1893The Chinese Exclusion Act900546117533"The law is barbarous [cruel], contrary to the spirit and genius of American ' institutions, and was passed in violation of solemn treaty stipulationsIt is tothe interest of this country to maintain friendly relations with China. We want the trade of nearly one-fourth of the human race[W]e are losing thetrade of China by pandering to the prejudices of the ignorant and cruel. . Our country is an asylum [refuge] for the oppressed of all nations-of all racesLet us retrace our steps, repealthe law and accomplish what we justly desire by civilized means. Let us treat China a we would England; and, above all, let us respect the rights of men."-Orator and lawyer Col. R.G.Ingersoll, The North AmericanReview, July 189300"The law is barbarous [cruel], contrary to the spirit and genius of American ' institutions, and was passed in violation of solemn treaty stipulationsIt is tothe interest of this country to maintain friendly relations with China. We want the trade of nearly one-fourth of the human race[W]e are losing thetrade of China by pandering to the prejudices of the ignorant and cruel. . Our country is an asylum [refuge] for the oppressed of all nations-of all racesLet us retrace our steps, repealthe law and accomplish what we justly desire by civilized means. Let us treat China a we would England; and, above all, let us respect the rights of men."-Orator and lawyer Col. R.G.Ingersoll, The North AmericanReview, July 1893Is Colonel Ingersoll in support of or against the Chinese Exclusion Act? What is Representative Geary's position?What argument does Colonel Ingersoll offer to support his position that the United States should maintain a friendly relationship with China?What argument does Representative Geary offer as justification for limiting Chinese immigration? Who else might agree with him?38d. Corruption Runs WildBecoming MAYOR of a big city in the Gilded Age was like walking into a cyclone. Demands swirled around city leaders. Better sewers, cleaner water, new bridges, more efficient transit, improved schools, and suitable aid to the sick and needy were some of the more common demands coming from a wide range of interest groups.To cope with the city's problems, government officials had limited resources and personnel. Democracy did not flourish in this environment. To bring order out of the chaos of the nation's cities, many political bosses emerged who did not shrink from corrupt deals if they could increase their power bases. The people and institutions the bosses controlled were called the POLITICAL MACHINE.The Political MachinePersonal politics can at once seem simple and complex. To maintain power, a boss had to keep his constituents happy. Most political bosses appealed to the newest, most desperate part of the growing populace — the immigrants. Occasionally bosses would provide relief kitchens to receive votes. Individuals who were leaders in local neighborhoods were sometimes rewarded city jobs in return for the loyalty of their constituents.Bosses knew they also had to placate big business and did so by rewarding them with lucrative contracts for construction of factories or public works. These industries would then pump large sums into keeping the political machine in office. It seemed simple: "You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours." However, bringing diverse interests together in a city as large as New York, Philadelphia, or Chicago required hours of legwork and great political skill.All the activities mentioned so far seem at least semi-legitimate. The problem was that many political machines broke their own laws to suit their purposes. As contracts were awarded to legal business entities, they were likewise awarded to illegal gambling and prostitution rings. Often profits from these unlawful enterprises lined the pockets of city officials. Public tax money and BRIBES from the business sector increased the bank accounts of these corrupt leaders.VOTER FRAUD was widespread. Political bosses arranged to have voter lists expanded to include many phony names. In one district a four-year-old child was registered to vote. In another, a dog's name appeared on the polling lists. Members of the machine would "vote early and often," traveling from polling place to polling place to place illegal votes. One district in New York one time reported more votes than it had residents.Boss TweedThe most notorious political boss of the age was WILLIAM "BOSS" TWEED of New York's TAMMANY HALL. For twelve years, Tweed ruled New York. He gave generously to the poor and authorized the handouts of Christmas turkeys and winter coal to prospective supporters. In the process he fleeced the public out of millions of taxpayer money, which went into the coffers of Tweed and his associates.Attention was brought to Tweed's corruption by political cartoonist THOMAS NAST. Nast's pictures were worth more than words as many illiterate and semi-literate New Yorkers were exposed to Tweed's graft. A zealous attorney named SAMUEL TILDEN convicted Tweed and his rule came to an end in 1876. Mysteriously, Tweed escaped from prison and traveled to Spain, where he was spotted by someone who recognized his face from Nast's cartoons. He died in prison in 1878.From: ................
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