PATHOLOGY - Chiropractic



PATHOLOGY

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States of America?

Myocardial Infarction

Which of the following is characterized by incomplete expansion of the lungs or collapse of previously inflated lungs?

Atelectasis

Which of the following involves separation of the diaphragmatic crura & widening of the space between the muscular crura & the esophageal wall?

Hiatal Hernia

Which of the following is an autosomal recessive disorder marked by accumulation of toxic levels of copper in many tissue & organs, mostly in the liver, brain, & the eye?

Wilson’s Disease

Which of the following is a cancer of the connective tissue that usually spreads via the blood stream?

Sarcoma

Which of the following is a cancer of the epithelial tissue that usually spreads via the lymphatic system?

Carcinoma

Which of the following cells is produced predominately by an inflammatory response to Salmonella?

Neutrophil

What organism is the most common opportunist to infect AIDS patients?

Pneumocystis carni

Which of the following presents with a positive HLA-B-27 & increased risk of deformity?

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Toxic Megacolon is a complication of which of the following?

Ulcerative Colitis

Skip lesions are a characteristic of which of the following?

Krohn’s Disease

Aschoff bodies are characteristic of which of the following?

Rheumatic Fever

Pseudohypertrophy is most common in which of the following muscle disorders?

Duchanne’s Dystrophy

The most threatening effect of Guillian Barre is on which of the following muscles?

Respiratory

Dry eyes & mouth are symptoms of which of the following autoimmune diseases?

Sjogen’s Syndrome

Vascular tumors originate in which cell type?

Endothelial

Sequestra frequently accompany which of the following?

Pyogenic Osteomyelitis

What is the primary mechanism of inflammatory edema?

Increased Permeability of the Capillary Wall

The most common sites for cardiac valvular vegetations are which of the following valves?

Aortic & Mitral Valves

Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which organ?

Lung

Who is considered the father of pathology?

Pasteur

What characteristic is least suggestive of malignancy in a growing tumor?

Fibrous Capsule (usually benign)

Which of the following secrete both heparin & histamine?

Mast Cells

Carcinoma is least likely to metastasize where?

Skeletal Muscle

Which of the following affects both salivary & lacrimal ducts?

Sjogen’s

Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?

Aortic Valve

Which leukemia has the Philadelphia Chromosome?

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Which of the following leads to decreased bone density?

Osteoporosis

A female with gonorrhea may pass it via delivery by which of the following?

Opthalmia Neonatorum

Which of the following has the best prognosis?

Astrocytoma

Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestines?

Adenosarcoma

Which of the following is a common site for cardiac valvular vegetations?

Mitral Valve

Which of the following is characteristic of a neoplasm?

It Cannot Return To Normal

Where are neoplasms most commonly formed?

Epithelium

Multiple myofibromas & café au-lait spots are associated with which of the following?

Von Recklinghausen’s

Which part of the spinal cord is most affected by myotrophic lateral sclerosis?

Anterior Horn

Which of the following are findings in a patient with tetralogy of fallot?

Pulmonary Stenosis & Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

What describes thrombophlebitis?

Venous Inflammation & Thrombus

What describes right side heart failure?

Distention of Neck Veins, Dependant Edema, Liver Enlargement

Systemic fibrosis is seen in which of the following?

Scleroderma

What organism is most responsible for pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Pneumocystic Carni

Which of the following immunoglobulins are associated with a Type II response?

IgG & IgM

Which of the following is a common cause of right side heart failure?

Left Side Heart Failure

Pernicious anemia is due to a lack of which of the following?

Intrinsic Factor

Which of the following disorders affects myoneural junction?

Myasthenia Gravis

Which arteries are involved in giant cell arteritis?

Temporal

T-helper cells are seen in which types of immunity?

Type IV

Presenile dementia is seen in which of the following?

Alzheimer’s Disease

A female with gonorrhea may pass it to the child when?

During Delivery

Which Leukemia is involved with the Philadelphia Chromosome?

CML

A person with Galactosemia should avoid which of the following?

Lactose (milk)

Pernicious anemia & lack of Vitamin B12 results in ______________.

Spinal Cord Degeneration

Which of the following causes pitting edema?

Congestive Heart Failure

What causes edema of flanks & fatty changes in the liver?

Alcoholism

Which of the following cause a cyanotic condition?

Dextroposition of the Aorta

The Philadelphia Chromosome is a risk factor for which Leukemia?

Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?

Sequestrium

What are patients with asbestosis predisposed to?

Mesothelioma

A periosteal reaction described radiologically as a sunburst reaction is most common in which of the following?

Osteosarcoma

Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei?

Progressive Bulbar Palsy

Circulatory levels of which of the following increase during an acute inflammatory response?

Neutrophil

Which disease presents with chronic rheumatoid arthritis & splenomegally?

Felty’s Syndrome

What is an a.k.a. for Marie Strumpell’s Disease?

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia & results in resting tremors?

Parkinson’s Disease

Megaloblastic anemia is caused by which vitamin deficiency?

Vitamin B12

Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for an infant who develops projectile vomiting in the 1st 3 weeks of life?

Pyloric Stenosis

What is the most common benign tumor of the spine?

Hemangioma

What causes hoarseness associated with a carcinoma in the apex of the lung?

Laryngeal Nerve Damage

Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue injury?

Histamine

What happens to a cell as a result of thyroid goiter?

Hyperplasia

Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is the most common in patients under 40?

Graves Disease

What are the 4 steps associated with thrombus?

1. Dissolving

2. Recanalization

3. Obstruction

4. Embolism

Which of the following does a lesion that has casious necrosis in the center surrounded by endothelial macrophages characterize?

TB

The release of histamine into the skin following cutaneous trauma causes which of the following?

Vasodialation of Arterioles (redness)

Which of the following occurs in a Keloid?

Hypertrophic Enlargement of Scar Tissue

Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm?

Lipoma

Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

What would a deficiency of Vitamin C most often affect?

Connective Tissue

Chronic alcoholism, which leads to Wernecke-Korsakoff Syndrome, causes what type of vitamin deficiency?

B1

Which of the following is a characteristic of Lyme’s Disease?

Bulls Eye Rash

Which of the following is associated with Kleinfelter’s Syndrome?

XXY Chromosome Abnormality

Which of the following is the most common degenerative disease of the joints?

Osteoarthritis (a.k.a. DJD)

Which of the following is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Pannus Formation

Which of the following is responsible for post-infectious glomulonephritis?

Beta-Hemolytic Strep

Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of the median nerve?

Pregnant Females

What is the definition of cardiac temponade?

Fluid in the Pericardial Space

Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency disease?

Bruton’s

Which of the following results from hyperparthyroidism?

Osteopenia

What type of collagen can be found @ the end of wound healing?

Type I

What type of collagen is found 1st (earliest) in a wound?

Type III

What type of collagen is located in the basement membrane?

Type IV

A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia?

Magnesium

A patient with a yolk cell tumor of the testes likely has an elevation in which of the following blood serum levels?

Alpha-fetoprotein

Tensile strength is the proteinaceous deposition of __________ in a healing wound.

Collagen

A cancer that has not invaded the basement membrane or the tissue of origin is called _________________.

Carcinoma In Situ

Thrombosis & embolism of which of the following vessels can cause a transmural infarction of the small intestine?

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Which of the following diseases produces symptoms due primarily to demyelinization of peripheral motor nerve axons?

Post-Infectious Polyradiculitis

Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tone & resultant bloating, heart abnormalities, weakening of respiratory muscles are characteristic of which of the following deficiencies?

Calcium

Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which of the following organs?

Lung

Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration to which of the following arteries?

Middle Meningeal

Synovial thickening & secondary inflammation with edema but no pannus formation is seen in which of the following conditions?

Gouty Arthritis

Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?

Coagulative

Which of the following causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?

Lymphatic Obstruction

Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?

Distal Interphalangeal

What is the most common cause of Cirrhosis of the Liver?

Chronic Alcoholism

What is the most common cause of abdominal aortic aneurisms in the elderly?

Atherosclerosis

What is the 1st sign of artherosclerosis?

Fatty Streaks

Which of the following causes lobar pneumonia?

Streptococcus

What is the mechanism that allows the Herpes Virus to stay in the body after the original infection?

Sequestering of the Virus Genome in the Sensory Neuron

Where does a pulmonary embolus most commonly originate?

The Lower Extremities

Where can the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed?

Ocular Muscles

Pitting edema is typically cause by what?

Congestive Heart Failure

What condition is probably present when the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated?

Prostatic Carcinoma

Which of the following would cause the prostate to feel boggy upon palpation?

Prostatitis

What exudative lesion is caused by mycobacterial tuberculosis & contains casious necrosis?

Ghon Lesions

Which disease is Brodie’s Abscess associated with?

Osteomyelitis

Which disease is associated with TB of the spine?

Pott’s Disease

What is another name for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Still’s Disease

Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear _________.

Condensation

Which of the following is a vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities?

Raynaud’s Disease

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Horner’s Syndrome?

Dyspnea

What would a hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain likely result in?

Coma

What is a localized area of tissue necrosis resulting from immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitus?

Arthus Phenomenon

Which of the following is associated with subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments & cystic medial necrosis of the aorta?

Marfan’s Syndrome

In most types of allergic reactions which of the following mediates the immediate transient phase of vascular permeability?

Histamine

Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?

Coagulative

What causes localized edema, which accompanies filariasis?

Lymphatic Obstruction

Which joints do Heberden’s Nodes affect?

Interphalangeal Joints

Which of the following may lead to Megaloblastic Anemia?

Atrophic Gastric Mucosa

Antibodies against double stranded DNA are most characteristic of which of the following?

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins most commonly cause autoimmune disease?

IgG & IgM

What will a protein deficient diet produce?

Kwashiorkor

Dermatitis, dementia & diarrhea are characteristic of which of the following?

Niacin (B3) Deficiency

Which of the following causes beri beri?

Thiamine (B1) Deficiency

Delayed healing of wounds & rapid mobilization of Vitamin A in the liver may be due to what type of deficiency?

Zinc

Avascular necrosis of the capital femoral epiphysis is called __________________.

Legg Calve Perthe's

Which of the following is most likely to accompany Otto’s Pelvis?

Osteomalacia

Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of Osteoid Osteoma?

Pain that is most severe at night & is relieved by aspirin

What are bone spurs & lipping of vertebral bodies characteristic of?

DJD

What is the most common fracture of the wrist?

Collie’s Fracture

A common source of lytic metastasis to bone in females is the ________________________.

Lungs (lungs are always lytic)

Which of the following is most likely to develop into ankylosis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Which of the following is the primary site of pathology in Osteoarthritis?

Articular Cartilage

Which of the following causes excessive release of Ach?

Tetanus

Which of the following is the most common benign tumor in the adult?

Astrocytoma

Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is due to which of the following?

B12 Deficiency

Which of the following syndromes is a form of polyposis characterized by polyps in the entire gastrointestinal tract?

Peutz Jegher’s Disease

Kaposi’s sarcoma occurs in approximately 1/3 of the patients with which of the following conditions?

AIDS

Which of the following represents Type II hypersensitivity?

Erythroblastosis?

Good Pasture Syndrome

X linked gammaglobulinemia of Bruton is characterized by which of the following?

B-cell deficiency

Which of the following develops from an IgE mediated immune reaction?

Panacinar Emphysema

Neonatal hyaline membrane disease is due to which of the following?

Absence of Surfactant

Which of the following is a genetic defect that causes multiple neuromas?

Von Recklinhausen’s Disease

The primary biochemical requirement for the diagnosis of Gout is which of the following?

Uric Acid Levels In The Blood

What is Podagra?

Gout of the big toe

A fine lateral webbing of the neck would indicate which of the following?

Turner’s Syndrome

Which of the following reactions is an example of Type III hypersensitivity?

Arthus

Episodes of temporary blindness & weakness of the dorsiflexors is a characteristic of which of the following?

Multiple Sclerosis

Which of the following has the greatest potential of degenerating the dorsal columns of the spinal cord?

Tertiary Syphilis

Which is a poly neuropathy that follows a viral infection?

Giullian Barre

Coagulation necrosis results from which of the following?

Ischemia

Which of the following characterizes Amylordosis?

Interstitial Glycogen Deposits

Which of the following is a reversible cell change?

Metaplasia

The absence of ganglion cells of the myenteric plexus is characteristic of which of the following?

Hirshprung’s Disease (congenital megacolon)

Which of the following occurs when histamine is released in the skin as a result of cutaneous trauma?

Vasodialation of the affected area

New capillaries infiltrate the periphery of a hematoma by producing collagen during a process known as ___________.

Organization

The circulating level of which blood cell is increased during the body’s response to bacterial infection?

Neutrophils

Eosinophils are increased by the presence of which of the following?

Virus

Which cell is present in an area of chronic inflammation & has many nuclei scattered in its cytoplasm?

Foreign Body Giant Cell

A patient who presents with a severe headache & a hard painful superficial temporal artery probably has which of the following?

Temporal Arteritis

Which tumor is characterized by excessive production of Catacholemine?

Neuroblastoma of the Adrenal Medulla

Which condition features dilated, elongated, torturous alteration of the superficial veins?

Varicosity

Which is the most common area of the brain to find an aneurysm?

Subarachnoid

Which of the following does not accompany acute inflammation?

Formation of Granulation Tissue

An abscess of an appendicular head generally contains which type of exudate?

Pyogenic

SI Joints are usually affected in what condition?

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Which is the most common hepatic malignancy?

Metastasis from the Breast or Lung

Which is the most common histological pattern in Bronchiogenic Carcinoma?

Squamous Cell

Which of the following are Parkinson’s inclusion bodies?

Lewy Bodies

What area of the body does Mallory Weiss Syndrome affect?

Esophagus

Which of the following causes demyelination of the peripheral nerves?

Guillian Barre Syndrome

Which of the following causes demyelination of the nerves in the CNS?

Multiple Sclerosis

What is the most common nephrotic tumor in children?

Wilm’s Tumor

What is the most common leukemia in children?

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

What is the most common muscular dystrophy?

Duchenne’s

Black tarry stools are seen in which of the following?

Peptic Ulcer

What is the most common neoplasm of the heart?

Myxoma

What is the most common cancer of the testes?

Seminoma

Over 2/3 of the cases are idiopathic in which of the following?

Aplastic Anemia

Which of the following organisms is most commonly found in adult cases of meningitis?

Strep pneumoniae

Which of the following can cause asthma in kids?

2nd Hand Smoke

A true hermaphrodite has which of the following?

Both Male & Female Tissue

Which of the following can cause a fat embolism?

Fracture of the Shaft of a Long Bone

Which of the following is the atheromatous calcification of the aorta that occurs with normal serum calcium levels?

Dystrophic Calcification

Increased secretion from the anterior pituitary gland following closure of the epiphyseal plates could produce which of the following?

Acromegaly

A deficiency, in which of the following trace elements results in tetani similar to that, which accompanies hypocalcemia?

Magnesium

Who is the most infectious member of the family?

School Age Children

Which of the following conditions is characterized by T-cell deficiency due to lack of development of the 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches, deficiency of the hearts great vessels, mouth, ears, & fauces?

di Georges

Intercranial calcification occurs most commonly in which of the following?

Oligiodendroglioma

Which of the following is a primary immunodeficiency?

Burton’s Agammaglobulimia

Almost all pathological changes of SLE involve which of the following?

Increased Immune Cells

Which of the following is an autosomal glucocerebral disease with Hepato-Splenomegaly?

Gaucher’s

Which of the following is a pigment found in regressive cells such as old age pigment?

Lipofusion

Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely originates from which of the following?

A. Breast ( 80% osteolytic, 20% osteoblastic

B. Lung ( always lytic

Prostate ( 80% osteoblastic, 20% osteolytic

Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm?

Lipoma

Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & increases inflammation due to tissue damage?

Histamine

What is the result in the cell as a consequence of thyroid goiter?

Hyperplasia (increased # of cells)

Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is most common in patients under 40?

Graves Disease

Which of the following is characterized by Recanalization?

Thrombus (restores flow)

Which of the following Vitamin deficiencies causes megaloblastic anemia?

Vitamin B12

The most common neoplasm in AIDS patients is which of the following?

Kaposi’s Sarcoma (best answer)

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (2nd best answer)

Which of the following is a periosteal encasement of necrotic tissue?

Sequestrium

Which of the following is a degenerative disease that affects the cranial nerve nuclei?

Progressive Bulbar Palsy

Dilation of the inner mammary & subscapular arteries, hypertension & weakness of the upper limbs with decreased lower limb pulse occurs in which of the following?

Coarctation of the Aorta (stricture)

Which cells are increased during viral infections?

Lymphocytes

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a congenital absence of parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent constipation & dilation of the colon?

Hirshprung’s Disease

Which of the following conditions is characterized by the presence of a 45X Karyotype?

Turner’s Syndrome

Which of the following causes cretinism?

Hypothyroidism

Which of the following involves malformation of the anterior end of the neural tube?

Anacephaly

Which of the following involves failure of the caudal portion of the neural tube to close?

Spina Bifida

Which of the following is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly?

Alzheimer’s Disease

Which of the following is an inherited autosomal dominant disease characterized by progressive movement disorder & dementia?

Huntington Disease

Which of the following causes the tunica media of medium sized arteries to calcify?

Monkeberg’s Sclerosis

Which of the following affects the temporal arteries & is associated with long standing hypertension?

Temporal Arteritis

Which of the following is also known as the “pulse less disease”?

Takayasu Arteritis

Which of the following is associated with granulomatous inflammation of the aortic arch?

Takayasu Arteritis

When there is a degeneration of the lateral cells, which of the following is affected?

Autonomic Function

A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of which of the following?

Burkett’s Lymphoma

Which of the following causes hypoxia without ischemia?

Anemia

Patch consolidation of the lung is characteristic of which of the following?

Bronchopneumonia

Giant cell arthritis primarily affects the __________ artery.

Temporal

A genetic defect in the conversion of Phenylalanine to Tyrosine in the liver would result in which of the following?

Mental Retardation

A young male from Central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in the jaw area. What is the diagnosis?

Burkett’s Lymphoma

A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates where?

The Lower Extremity

Where would the initial symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis be observed?

Extraocular Muscles

What type of disease is Ankylosing Spondylitis?

Autoimmune

Which of the following characterizes Pyknosis?

Nuclear Condensation

Mask-Like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension & fibrosis of the esophagus are characteristics of which of the following diseases?

Scleroderma

What is a functional vasospastic disorder, which affects small arteries & arterioles of the extremities?

Dyspnea

Mature cells of atypical size, shape & organization are characteristic of which of the following ?

Dysplasia

Antibody synthesis is a primary function of which of the following?

Plasma Cells

Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is which type of necrosis?

Coagulation

What is the most common location for Chondroma?

Sacrum

Reed Sternberg Cells are associated with which of the following?

Hodgkin’s Disease

Which heart valve does Rheumatic Fever affect?

Mitral

Which heart valve does Syphilis affect?

Tricuspid

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Osteoarthritis (DJD)?

Joint Swelling

Which of the following describes smoker’s cell transformation?

Columnar Metaplasia

Which vitamin deficiency causes diarrhea, dementia & dermatitis?

Niacin (Vitamin B3)

Osteomalacia is due to which of the following?

Calciferol (Vitamin D) Deficiency

Granulation is associated with which of the following?

Chronic Inflammation

Which of the following is also known as “joint mice disease”?

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following is most important in wound healing?

Vitamin C

What is the most common primary malignancy of bone?

Multiple Myeloma

Which of the following causes atrophy of the villi?

Celiac Sprue

Which of the following causes destruction of the synovial capsule?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Liquafactive Necrosis is associated with which of the following?

CNS

Which of the following is a tumor of the skeletal muscle?

Rhabdomyoma

Which of the following would cause loss of motor control & trouble walking?

Cerebellar Lesion

Which of the following causes Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia?

Chronic Iron Deficiency

Which of the following causes Lymphocytosis?

Viral Infection

Which of the following would result in sensitivity to gluten?

Celiac Disease

Which of the following causes total bone marrow destruction?

Aplastic Anemia

Which of the following can be classified as systemic fibrosis?

Scleroderma

A teratoma involves which of the following?

All 3 Germ Layers

Right heart failure would cause which the following?

Liver & Spleen Dysfunction

Which of the following is the most common myocardial infarct?

Descending Branch of the Left Coronary Artery

Which of the following is a sign of Cystic Fibrosis?

Increased NACL in Sweat

Increased clastic & blastic activity is associated with _________.

Paget’s Disease

Which of the following describes Intusseption?

Telescoping of the Intestines

Which of the following would be suspected in a 25-year-old female with post-coital bleeding?

Endometriosis

Hypogonadism is a common finding in which of the following?

Kleinfelter’s Syndrome

Normal lower GI tract mucosa separated by severely inflamed segments would indicate which of the following?

Krohn’s Disease

Which of the following has the least favorable prognosis?

Carcinoma of the Pancreas

Which of the following initiates an enzyme cascade that produces bradykinin?

Hagman Factor

Which of the following is a benign tumor of the Uterus?

Leiomyoma

Dermal sclerosis, thermal dysfunction of the distal extremities & elongation of the distal hand bones would indicate which of the following?

Marfan’s Syndrome

What is the most common malignant tumor in adolescents?

Osteosarcoma

If lateral palating processes fail to join @ the midline it results in which of the following?

Cleft Palate

Death due to acute poliomyelitis is from which of the following?

Respiratory paralysis

A 30 year old with coughing, fever & night sweats has which of the following?

TB

What is the most common site for a fungal infection?

Skin

Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes are associated with which of the following?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Which of the following affects the Diaphysis?

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Which of the following is the most common benign tumor of the hands & feet?

Enchondroma

A cerebral infarct causes which type of necrosis?

Liquifactive

Tabes dorsalis is associated with which of the following?

Syphilis

Which of the following causes cavitation in the spinal cord?

Syringomyelia

Which of the following causes adult Acromegaly?

Hyperpituitaryism

Atherosclerosis affects which blood vessel layer?

Tunica Intima

Which condition is characterized by an imbalance of osteoclastic & osteoblastic activity?

Osteoporosis

Which of the following is associated with transplant rejection?

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Which of the following is characteristic of a malignant neoplasm?

Infiltration

What is granulomatis tissue made up of?

Capillaries & Fibroblasts

Hansen’s disease is known as ____________.

Leprosy

Which of the following is a characteristic of Celiac Disease?

Atrophy of Intestinal Villi

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that is sex-linked?

Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy

Myxedema is also called ______________.

Hypothyroidism

Which of the following is associated with burn victims?

Hypovolemic Shock

Which type of necrosis is most common in the pancreas?

Enzymatic

Systemic Thrombosis is most apt to lodge where?

Periphery of the Lungs

Which of the following is the 1st to be involved in Duchanne’s Muscular Dystrophy?

Pelvic Girdle

A decrease in Vitamin K is most apt to cause which of the following?

Bleeding & Bruising

Fissures in the articular cartilage & a loss of proteoglycans are associated with which of the following conditions?

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following are associated with Reiter’s Syndrome?

Arthritis

Conjunctivitis

Urethritis

Elephantitis is a result of which of the following?

Lymphatic Obstruction

Multiple Myeloma is a neoplasm of the _______________.

Plasma Cells

AIDS has an affinity for ______ cells.

CD4

Pyogenic Osteomyelitis most commonly affects which of the following?

Metaphysis of Long Bones

What is the most common malignancy in men between 40 & 60 years of age?

Lung Cancer

What pathology affects the Basal Ganglia?

Parkinson’s Disease

An excess of uric acid in the blood stream is associated with which of the following?

Gouty Arthritis

Monosodium Urate Crystals in a joint result in ________.

Tophi

Which of the following is a neoplasm derived from multiple tissue?

Teratoma

Raynaud’s Disease is characterized by _____________.

Digital Vasospasm

What is the most common location for Osteosarcoma?

Metaphysis

What is clubbing of the fingers most commonly associated with?

Bronchiogenic Carcinoma

An upper & lower motor neuron lesion is a significant finding in which of the following?

Lou Gehrig’s Disease

Which type of Hemophilia is associated with factor 8 deficiency?

Hemophilia A

What does the migration of Leukocytes toward an injury describe?

Chemotaxis

Smoking is a major causative factor in which of the following?

Thromboangitis Obliterans

Which of the following has been implicated as a causative agent in cervical cancer?

Herpes Papilioma Virus (HPV)

What sign is most common in Kwashiorkor?

Edema

The presence of Eosinophils indicates what type of infection?

Fungal

The presence of Lymphocytes indicates what type of infection?

Viral

The presence of Neutrophils indicates what type of infection?

Bacterial

Wool Sorter’s Disease is an infection of the ________________.

Respiratory System

Which of the following is directly linked to a decline in cancer of the cervix?

Condom Use

Which of the following causes edema?

Protein Deficiency

What is the most common symptom of Esophageal Cancer?

Dysphagia

Which of the following can be detected on the x-ray of a healing fracture?

Callous Formation

Lewy Bodies are inclusion bodies that accompany which of the following?

Parkinson’s Disease

What is the most common location for Osteochondroma?

Knee

What is the most common benign tumor of the axial skeleton?

Hemangioma

What are Gall Stones primarily made of?

Cholesterol

What are Kidney Stones primarily made of?

Calcium

What is the most common malignant tumor of bone in children?

Osteogenic Sarcoma

What type of bone marrow is found in cancellous bone?

Yellow

Pulmonary hypertension causes which of the following?

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

What is the most common area of the heart damaged by myocardial infarction?

Left Ventricle

Which of the following constitutes the greatest threat to a person with thrombophlebitis?

Embolism in the Lungs

Which of the following is a malignant tumor that rarely metastasizes?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Which of the following is a congenital malformation with incomplete fusion?

Spina Bifida

Keloids are most common among which of the following?

African Americans

Which joint is most commonly affected by Osteoarthritis?

Knee

Dysplasia in a PAP smear is characteristic of which of the following?

Carcinoma In Situ

Local deposition of calcium in necrotic tissue is termed ____________.

Dystrophic Calcification

Which of the following is associated with Brown Atrophy?

Lipofuscion

A 25 year old presents with soft tender red spots on the vulva & a frothy foul smelling discharge. What organism is to blame?

Trichimonis

What causes a Bulls Eye Rash?

Lyme’s Disease

Which of the following is the most common location for an aneurysm?

Abdominal Aorta

Which of the following is a non-progressive muscular dysfunction due to a defect or injury to the brain or brainstem?

Cerebral Palsy

Which of the following cells is least likely to regenerate?

Neuron

Which of the following is characterized by proteinuria & hypoalbuminemia?

Nephrotic Syndrome

High levels of urinary hydroxyproline are associated with which of the following?

Paget’s Disease

Which lobe of the prostate is most commonly affected by cancer?

Posterior

The 1st process observed following fracture is the generation of a __________.

Hematoma

Gumma is associated with which of the following?

Syphilis

Which of the following organisms is associated with Toxic Shock Syndrome?

Staph aureus

Which of the following is associated with infectious mono?

Epstein Barr

A 40-year-old male presents with weight loss, increased appetite & tremors. What is the diagnosis?

Reiter’s Syndrome

Osgood Schlatter’s is associated with which of the following?

Avulsion of the Tibial Tuberosity

Proliferative cells forming new cells from original cells are called ___________.

Hyperplasia

Which of the following forms a chocolate like cyst on an Ovary?

Endometrioma

What are Tophi composed of?

Urate Crystals

Which disease most common in kids is characterized by excess glycogen stored in the liver & kidneys?

Von Gierke’s

Osgood Schlatter’s Disease principally affects which of the following?

Tibial Tuberosity

Which of the following is also known as Buerger’s Disease?

Thromboangitis Obliterans

Intusseption is seen in which of the following diseases?

Hirshprung’s Disease

What are common sources of Gluten?

Barley, Oats & Wheat

The passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue is known as ____________.

Diapedesis

Which of the following presents with multiple neurofibromas & café au lait spots?

Von Recklinhausen’s

Which of the following is a form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

Still’s

Which of the following causes progressive severe atrophy of the cerebral cortex?

Alzheimer’s

Which of the following causes thickening & deformity of bone?

Paget’s

Which of the following is associated with protein malnutrition?

Kwashiorkor

Which of the following is associated with Osteitis Deformans?

Paget’s

Which of the following is associated with aluminum deposits in the brain?

Alzheimer’s

Which of the following is associated with calorie malnutrition?

Marasmus

Which of the following is associated with paralysis agitans?

Parkinson’s

Which of the following is caused by a Vitamin D deficiency?

Osteomalacia

Which of the following causes demyelinization of the spinal cord?

Multiple Sclerosis

Which of the following is associated with passage of blood cells through an intact capillary wall into the tissue?

Diapedesis

Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the stomach?

Pylorus

Which of the following is characterized by increased clastic & blastic activity?

Paget’s

Which of the following is associated with improper copper metabolism?

Wilson’s Disease

Which of the following is associated with lesions of sclerosis of the spinocerebellar tract?

Friedreich’s ataxia

Which of the following is the most common malignant tumor of the intestine?

Adenocarcinoma

Which of the following is associated with the absence of an organ?

Agenesis

Which of the following is associated with 45X Karyotype?

Turner’s Syndrome

Which of the following is the most common location of carcinoma in the pancreas?

Head

Which of the following is characterized by a “broom stick” appearance on plain film x-ray?

Rickets

Which of the following is associated with TB of the spine?

Pott’s Disease

Which of the following is associated with increase NaCl in sweat?

Cystic Fibrosis

Which of the following is associated with sensitivity to gluten?

Celiac Disease

Which of the following is associated with a decrease in size?

Atrophy

Which of the following is a degenerative change that occurs in everyone?

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following results from an inability to digest purines?

Gouty Arthritis

Which of the following is associated with bacteria in the blood?

Bacteremia

Which of the following is caused by exposure to iron dust?

Siderosis

Which of the following is associated with difficulty swallowing?

Dysphagia

Which of the following passes through the placenta & is a major antibody against viruses, bacteria, & toxins?

IgG

Which of the following it associated with Mesothelioma?

Asbestos Exposure

Which of the following has an unknown function?

IgD

Which of the following is associated with twisting of an organ?

Volvulus

Which of the following is associated with an increase in size?

Hypertrophy

Which of the following is related to a deficiency of oxygen?

Hypoxia

Which of the following is the most common bone cancer in children?

Osteosarcoma

Which of the following is a tumor of all three germinal layers?

Teratoma

Which of the following describes an increase in the number of cells?

Hyperplasia

Which of the following is associated with a lack or loss of RBC’s?

Anemia

Which of the following describes a cell changing from one cell type to another?

Metaplasia

Which of the following is associated with “Black Lung Disease”?

Anthracosis

Which of the following describes the intestine telescoping onto itself?

Intussusceptions

Which lung disease is associated with aircraft manufacturing?

Berylliosis

Which of the following is associated with a congenital megacolon?

Hirshprung’s Disease

Which of the following is associated with an increase in RBC’s?

Polycythemia

Which of the following causes thickening, calcification & loss of elasticity of the arterial walls?

Arteriosclerosis

Which of the following causes a foul smelling vaginal discharge?

Gardenella Vaginalis

Which of the following is an out pouching in the intestine?

Diverticula

Which of the following produces “skip lesions”?

Crohn’s

Which of the following is a localized dilation of an artery?

Aneurysm

Which of the following is associated with deposition of fatty plaques within the arteries?

Atherosclerosis

Which of the following is the most common Pelvic Inflammatory disease?

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which type of leukemia is most commonly seen in children?

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Which type of leukemia is associated with the “Philadelphia Chromosome”?

Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia (CML)

Which of the following types of leukemia is seen mostly in people over the age of 60?

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

Which of the following is associated with Reed Sternberg cells?

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Which of the following is considered a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Anaphylactic

Which of the following is considered a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Cytotoxic

Which of the following is considered a Type III hypersensitivity reaction?

Immune Complex

Which of the following is considered a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

Delayed

Which of the following is involved in the early part of every immune response?

IgM

Which of the following produces decreased joint space, Subchondral sclerosis & osteophytes?

Osteoarthritis

Which of the following produces excess uric acid in the blood L& leads to tophi formation?

Gouty Arthritis

Which of the following is associated with Hagarth’s Nodes & Bouchard’s Nodes?

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the epiphysis of a bone?

Chonroblasoma

Giant Cell Tumor

Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone?

Chondromyxoid Fibroma

Non-ossifying Fibroma

Osteoid Osteoma

Osteoblastoma

Osteochondroma

Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the metaphysis of a bone?

Osteosarcoma

Which of the following benign tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone?

Enchondroma

Fibrous Dysplasia

Which of the following malignant tumors usually affects the diaphysis of a bone?

Chondrosarcoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Which of the following results in alcoholic psychosis due to a depletion of thiamine as a result of severe alcoholism?

Korsakoff

Which of the following is a fatty tumor?

Lipoma

Which of the following is a yellow tumor of connective tissue?

Xanthoma

Which of the following is a tumor of the cartilage?

Chondroma

Which of the following is the most common cancer of the testes?

Seminoma

Which of the following is the most common cancer of the spine?

Metastasis

Which of the following is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy?

Guillian-Barre’ Syndrome

Which of the following is the most common life-threatening disease of the PNS?

Barre-Barre’ Syndrome

Which of the following is a muscular disease caused by an autoimmune mediated loss of ACH receptors & characterized by weakness & fatigue of skeletal muscles?

Myasthenia Gravis

Which of the following bone fractures is caused by repetitive physical activity?

Stress Fracture

Which of the following is a benign bone tumor?

Osteoid Osteoma

Which of the following is the most common malignant primary tumor of bone?

Osteosarcoma

Which of the following tumors is characterized by production of neoplastic cartilage?

Chondrosarcoma

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