Discussion Worksheet 4 partial answers
Discussion Worksheet #3 Partial Answers Cycloalkanes and Cyclohexane Conformations Skill 1: Nomenclature of cycloalkanes Name the parent chain "cyclo-" Number to give substituents lowest possible numbers o If tie, go alphabetically Name a cyclic substituent "cycloalkyl" Know "cis/trans" nomenclature Problem 1. Draw these compounds: A. trans-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane
B. 1,1,4-trichlorocyclohexane C. 1-cyclobutyl-2-isopropylcyclooctane
Problem 2: Name these compounds using systematic nomenclature
Skill 2: Drawing cyclohexane chair structures Practice drawing chair and boat structures from flat structures, and vice versa Know the difference between "axial/equatorial" and "up/down" substituents Be able to draw a "chair flip" structure
Problem 3. Draw two chair structures for each of these compounds. Label each substituent as axial or equatorial.
A. trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane
B. cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane C. trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane
Problem 4. Fill in the chart below:
"Flat" structure
chair flip 1
chair flip 2
B.
C. D.
Skill 3: Relative stability of chair conformations. Substituents in the equatorial position are generally more stable than in the axial position due to torsional strain and gauche interactions (1,3-diaxial interactions) Use Vollhardt Table 4.3 to quantitate chair stability
Problem 5. Draw the most stable chair structure for each of the following. If both are identical in energy, state so. a. trans-1-t-butyl-4-methylcyclohexane b. cis-1-t-butyl-4-methylcyclohexane
Problem 6. Calculate the difference in energy between the two chair conformations of each of these compounds. Use the thermodynamic rule of thumb to estimate a ratio of the two conformations.
a. trans-1-ethyl-2-methylcyclohexane
b. cis-1-ethyl-2-methylcyclohexane
C.
D.
C.
iPr
difference: 2.2 kcal--between 1.4 kcal and 2.8 kcal,
0 kcal
+ 2.2 kcal
iPr
so the ratio is between 1:10 and 1:100 in favor of the equatorial
E.
tBu
+ 5 kcal
+1.7 kcal
tBu
difference: 3.3 kcal--between 2.8 and 4.2 kcal, so the ratio is between 1:100 and 1:1000 in favor of tBu equatorial. In other words, it is over 99% in that conformation
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