8th Grade Biology Review Sheet - Biology with Mrs. McGaffin



Name: ______________________________________________________ Period: _____________

Honors Biology: Chemistry of life Review sheet

Chemistry Questions

1. Know the vocabulary words from your biochem list/quiz.

2. What is the difference between a solute, a solvent, and a solution?

3. If sugar is dissolved in water, what would be the:

a. Solute?

b. Solvent?

c. Solution?

4. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?

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Questions on water:

5. Why is water considered polar?

6. Draw a molecule of water with partial charges. --------------------(

7. What kind of bonds form between different water molecules?

8. Explain each of the following properties of water:

|Polarity |High heat of vaporization |

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|“Universal” Solvent |High specific heat |

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|Cohesion |Most dense at 4 degrees Celsius |

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|Adhesion |Surface tension |

Macromolecules

9. What elements a molecule contain to be “organic”? ______________________________________________

10. A. What is a Monomer?

B. What is a polymer?

11. What elements make up a carbohydrate? ______________________

12. What is the basic building block (monomer) of the carbohydrate? ____________________________

13. What functions do carbohydrates do? What functions are only for animals? Plants?

14. What is a starch molecule? What is a glycogen molecule? What organisms make each?

15. Differentiate between a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, and a polysaccharide.

16. What ending do the names of simple sugars and some complex carbohydrates have? _______________

17. What is “fiber”? What is it comprised of? What purpose does it have in plants?

18. What is the structural difference between a complex carbohydrate and a simple sugar? Give an example of each.

19. What elements make up proteins?________________________

20. What is the monomer of a protein? ___________________________

21. What is created when amino acids are linked together?

22. What group in the amino acid can vary, creating the 20 amino acids that we find in our bodies?

23. List 3 functions (including enzymes below) of proteins in the body.

a. Enzymes: What do they do in the body? What kind of molecules are they?

b.

c.

24. List 4 functions of lipids.

a. ______________________________________________________________________

b. ______________________________________________________________________

c. ______________________________________________________________________

d. ______________________________________________________________________

25. What are the building blocks that make up a lipid molecule? ___________________ & ___________________

26. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?

27. What elements comprise a lipid? _____________________

28. What is the function of a nucleic acid?

29. What is the relationship between nucleic acids, nucleotides, and a nitrogen bases?

30. What are the groups that make up a nucleotide? Draw one and label it (

31. What are the two types of nucleic acids? Name 2 differences (structural or functional) between them.

Type 1: _______________ Type 2: ________________

Difference 1: __________________________________________________________________________

Difference 2: __________________________________________________________________________

32. Where is the “information” actually held within a DNA molecule?

33. What elements comprise a nucleic acid? ___________________________

34. For each of the following, write the monomer and the polymer for the type of organic molecule.

Carbohydrates:

a. monomer: ________________________________

b. dimer (2 units linked): ___________________________

c. polymer: _____________________________________

Lipids:

a. Building Blocks: ___________________________ and ________________________________

Proteins:

a. Monomer: _________________________________

b. Dimer (2 units linked): ______________________________

c. Polymer: _____________________________________

Nucleic Acids:

a. Monomer: _______________________________________

b. Polymer: ________________________________________

***Use your foldable notes to study the general overview of each of the 4 organic macromolecules.**

For each diagram below, label it as part of a carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid, and then with a more specific term from this list (not all terms will be used): Dipeptide, DNA, Triglyceride, Amino Acid, polysaccharide, monosaccharide, polypeptide, disaccharide, nucleotide, phospholipid

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|Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid | |

|Specific type (from list): ______________________________ | |

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| |Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid |

| |Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |

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|Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid | |

|Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid |

| |Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |

| |[pic] |

| |Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid |

| |Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |

|Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid | |

|Specific type (from list): ______________________________ | |

|[pic] |[pic] |

|Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid |Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid |

|Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |

|[pic] |[pic] |

|Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid |Type of Macromol.(circle): Carb Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid |

|Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |Specific type (from list): ______________________________ |

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