Leadership



Leadership

Question 1.

There are different types of Leadership; they can usually all fit into the assumed and negotiated leadership roles.

Leaders that assume their Leadership are people that have no choice in there Role. They are placed with the role, and usually will have to stick with that role for a long period of time. For example Parents in families have the role of looking after their Children.

Leaders that negotiate their leadership are people who decide on whether they want to take up the responsibilities and the roll of a leader. For example a Minister of a church negotiates their roles, for they decide to take up the role of being a leader for a cause. In this example preaching God’s word.

The assumed Leadership is different form the Negotiated Leadership role for they have no input on what role they will take on, while the Negotiated role have an individual input and decide what they will take on.

Question 2

There are different factors that influence effective leadership, it all depends on what sort of leader you are. Leaders can pick up different leadership styles according to the situation which they are placed in.

Leaders that are fun and are liked tend to have a better relationship with group members and can achieve their set goals. These leaders tend to be Collaborative for they involve members of the group which can have a positive outcome. The formal groups have an autocratic leadership, for there is usually 1 leader leading them through. This Style for the formalised groups is more effective, for example in the Army- They Person in charge tells the lower people what to do, if everyone had an input, it wouldn’t help the situation.

Tasks that are complicated and have a large amount of guidelines usually need a main leader; Autocratic. The tasks that are unstructured and more laid back are the tasks that you work in a team to strive well in; Collaborative.

Being a leader may involve making critical and quick decisions; these decisions could save or help out the situation. For example, a Paramedic turns up at a car accident and has to organise and decide what is going to be done; usually they have to think quickly for it’s a life and death situation. In less serious situations they might discuss on how they will get people out of the accident or how to get them to a hospital, Majority of the time they are Autocratic.

Gender can have an impact of the quality of a leader. Males and females set their goals out differently and follow different paths to achieve them.

This table is a description of leaders by group members

Depending on the gender of the leader is to what way you will learn. Female leaders believe that involving members in decision making, using interpersonal skills, hard work and personal contacts they are able to set and achieve goals. Male leaders seem to be more powerful, and aggressive, and work the members to achieve goals.

Experience is a key factor in the quality of the leadership. The longer the person has been in the profession the better. Leaders that have been in that profession have a better understanding and can help lead the members more efficiently. The leaders know ways around the situations that might occur and can quickly fix them, if an inexperienced person was out in a new field and a problem came up it might take help and time to fix it, which might be critical.

The main factors that influence quality in leadership is experience, gender, decisions, and the standard being achieved

Question 3.

Autocratic- An Autocratic leadership role is one where the person can make any decision, and does not have to discuss with anyone else. They have a lot of power over people and are usually the head of the group, making quick and snappy decisions.

Example - Dictator – Medical emergencies

Collaborative / Shared- (Also known as the democratic leadership role.) This role depends both on the members and the leaders, and doesn’t just depend on the leader which means they can debate over some problems. This member has a great variety of ideas at all times and I always willing to contribute.

Example – Prime Minister – sporting teams

Laissez faire – this role is unorganised and let’s the group decide on the problems, this can be effective though can still have some issues. The member can pinpoint the problem and work as a team to solve it, though they have no one to lead them though it. Only in the end and the leader decides to go with it or not.

Example- community workers

Cultural- cultural leaders have a great understanding of culture and can lecture the topic to other members. They influence other members to become more multicultural within the community and encourage sharing and borrowing ideas with other groups to expand the communities’ view of multicultural influences.

Some leadership styles are suited to particular situations. For example

Medical emergencies- You need people who can think quick and don’t need to discuss with anyone else about treatment. People depend on those quick decisions and therefore you want a dependable person who is a team leader.

Prime Minister- Needs to debate out situations and need other members to help solve the problems that may occur.

Question 4.

“Are Leadership and Management the Same?”

Leadership and Management are different for a few reasons. Some of the characteristics are the same but they both play different roles which can make a team if added together.

Leadership is about inspiring a group of people setting out to achieve personal/group goals.

Examples of Leadership skills-

- Motivate/ encourage

- Comfort

- Visualise

- Inspire

- Work with

- Push boundaries/ risk taking

- Take punishment

- Loyal

- Creative

They set a direction, explain the concepts to everyone and keep people up and running through the event.

Management usually consists of people who are experienced in their occupation; they have worked hard to get their current position. A manager should know everything that is happening through out the company/group. They make the final decisions and point the leaders the right direction sometimes

Examples of management skills-

- Directing

- Resourceful

- Create procedures

- Set objectives

- Powerful

- Planning

- Budgeting

- Evaluating

- Facilitating

- Staffing

- Controlling

Managers set out to organise and structure situations and problems so that they can overcome them; they usually are in control of the situation and are very hard working.

Managing and leading are two different roles to play are a different way of organising people. The Manager is formal, organised and can work independently, while a leader tends to be informal, sometimes unorganised and can work independently or can work dependently.

An example of a leader and management situation is a sporting team; I’m going to use the example of a softball team.

In a softball team you have the club, the manager of the team, the coach, the supporting coaches and the team.

The club chooses an experienced coach and someone who has an experience in that field. The Manager directs the team, and managers the finances, and makes sure there is a coach to coach the team. The coaches’ role is to control the team, and motivates the team so that they are trained up and are ready to play a game. The team and the coaches work as a team to make the game happen. This is a form of leadership, Collaborative. The team and the coach make decisions and have a bond. So the manager and the coach (leader) tie into together, if there was no leader there would be no motivation and if there was no manager there would be no organisation. They both depend on each other; you can’t have one without the other.

A Manager is an organised individual and a Leader is a motivator for a team/group.

Leadership Styles:

Assumed and negotiated:

Assumed leadership is where an individual takes on the role without any discussion or it maybe agreed upon or negotiated.

Leadership Styles:

Task oriented/ people oriented: Place greater emphasis on the task to be achieved, getting the job done, the organizational details and administration. People oriented will focus on people and relationships in order to complete the task.

Autocratic: They make the decisions for the group; they like to be in complete control of all aspects relating to how the group functions. Expect individuals to follow instructions. Do not feel the need to involve individuals in decision-making.

Laissez faire: laid-back leaders. May give the group instructions on what needs to be done but doesn’t direct to ensure the task is done, therefore, the group controls how and if decisions are made.

Transformational: Provide individual consideration, intellectual stimulation and possess charisma. They provide vision; install pride and gain respect and trust.

Cultural: Leader is valued for their ability to bring about ‘change’ in the community or workplace environment. They do this in consultation with group members, sharing opinions and ideas in order to develop guiding beliefs that will be reflected in al aspects of what they say and do.

Influences on leadership styles:

Nature of the group: The size and purpose. Leadership of a small group of parents for a school working bee will be less complex and less formal compared to the leader a of multinational company responsible for hundreds of employees across the world.

Type of task: At the school working bee the leader maybe required to identify jobs and to match individuals to tasks. Volunteers may work on the task for as little or as long as they choose, however, in the workplace tasks must be completed by a given time to a given standard.

Nature of the decisions: Weather simple or complex decisions they will influence leadership style. E.g. a social club deciding where to hold its Christmas picnic is a relaxed leadership style than deciding how to restructure stuff in order to increase productivity.

Gender expectations: Men maybe considered more authoritarian in their leadership style than women. Their style of leadership may be loud and aggressive and accepted as part of what they do. Women, however, maybe expected to be ‘soft’ leaders. If a woman is assertive she maybe considered hard. Culture can play a role in gendered expectations of leaders e.g. in some cultures women are expected to be invisible and powerless whilst the men are leaders.

Experience of the leader: An experienced leader my employ a variety of leadership styles in order to get the best out of individuals and situations. An inexperienced leader my lack knowledge, skills and confidence to use a variety of leadership styles.

Culture: Values maybe different from one culture to another.

Effectiveness and flexibility of leadership:

- A leader has to understand the nature of the task and what is required.

- The nature of the task, simple or complex, will impact on the effectiveness and flexibility of the leader.

- Leaders need to know the people he or she is working with and also know their strengths and weaknesses. Needs to be able to select appropriate leadership styles/s that will get the best out of the group in order to complete the task.

- Confidence and experience in a variety of situations and with a variety of individuals will allow the leader the opportunity to exercise flexibility.

Leadership and management roles:

Leadership involves influencing other towards the achievement of goals. Leadership may be formal or informal. An effective leader will use management skills to achieve goals.

Management implies expertise in using available resources to achieve predetermined goals within an organization.

Good leadership and management are interdependent, meaning that in order to be an effective leader you also need to be an effective manager and vice versa.

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Males seem to think that women do a worse job than men, seen here as they show negativity.

Women can relate to women better and can therefore have a Collaborative leadership.

In the male leader boxes there seems to be a lower response than the female leader box.

As with the women relating to women, men have a stronger bond with men and therefore have more positive aspects to contribute.

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