Explanations of learning styles and multiple intelligences



Explanations of learning styles and multiple intelligences

Types of Learning Styles Types of Learning Styles: The Three Main Types

There are three main types of learning styles: auditory, visual, and kinesthetic. Most people learn best through a combination of the three types of learning styles, but everybody is different.

Auditory Learners: Hear

Auditory learners would rather listen to things being explained than read about them. Reciting information out loud and having music in the background may be a common study method. Other noises may become a distraction resulting in a need for a relatively quiet place.

They learn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to say. Auditory learners interpret the underlying meanings of speech through listening to tone of voice, pitch, speed and other nuances. Written information may have little meaning until it is heard. These learners often benefit from reading text aloud and using a tape recorder.

Some tips:

← sit where they can hear but needn't pay attention to what is happening in front

← may not coordinate colors or clothes, but can explain why they are wearing what they are wearing and why

← hum or talk to themselves or others when bored

← acquire knowledge by reading aloud

← remember by verbalizing lessons to themselves (if they don't they have difficulty reading maps or diagrams or handling conceptual assignments like mathematics).

Visual Learners: See

Visual learners learn best by looking at graphics, watching a demonstration, or reading. For them, it’s easy to look at charts and graphs, but they may have difficulty focusing while listening to an explanation.

These learners need to see someone’s body language and facial expression to fully understand the content of a lesson or situation. They tend to prefer sitting at the front of the classroom to avoid visual obstructions (e.g. people's heads). They may think in pictures and learn best from visual displays including: diagrams, illustrated text books, overhead transparencies, videos, flipcharts and hand-outs.  During a lecture or classroom discussion, visual learners often prefer to take detailed notes to absorb the information.

Some tips:

← take numerous detailed notes

← tend to sit in the front

← are usually neat and clean

← often close their eyes to visualize or remember something

← find something to watch if they are bored

← like to see what they are learning

← benefit from illustrations and presentations that use color

← are attracted to written or spoken language rich in imagery

← prefer stimuli to be isolated from auditory and kinesthetic distraction

← find passive surroundings ideal

Kinesthetic Learners: Touch

Kinesthetic learners process information best through a “hands-on” experience. Actually doing an activity can be the easiest way for them to learn. Sitting still while studying may be difficult, but writing things down makes it easier to understand.

Some tips:

← need to be active and take frequent breaks

← speak with their hands and with gestures

← remember what was done, but have difficulty recalling what was said or seen

← find reasons to tinker or move when bored

← rely on what they can directly experience or perform

← activities such as cooking, construction, engineering and art help them perceive and learn

← enjoy field trips and tasks that involve manipulating materials

← sit near the door or someplace else where they can easily get up and move around

← are uncomfortable in classrooms where they lack opportunities for hands-on experience

← communicate by touching and appreciate physically expressed encouragement, such as a pat on the back

Eight Types of Multiple Intelligence

Linguistic Intelligence: the capacity to use language to express what's on your mind and to understand other people. Any kind of writer, orator, speaker, lawyer, or other person for whom language is an important stock in trade has great linguistic intelligence.

← likes to: read, write and tell stories.

← is good at: memorizing names, places, dates and trivia.

← learns best by: saying, hearing and seeing words.

Logical/Mathematical Intelligence: the capacity to understand the underlying principles of some kind of causal system, the way a scientist or a logician does; or to manipulate numbers, quantities, and operations, the way a mathematician does.

← likes to: do experiments, figure things out, work with numbers, ask questions and explore patterns and relationships.

← is good at: math, reasoning, logic and problem solving.

← learns best by: categorizing, classifying and working with abstract patterns/relationships.

Spatial Intelligence: the ability to represent the spatial world internally in your mind -- the way a sailor or airplane pilot navigates the large spatial world, or the way a chess player or sculptor represents a more circumscribed spatial world. Spatial intelligence can be used in the arts or in the sciences.

← likes to: draw, build, design and create things, daydream, look at pictures/slides, watch movies and play with machines.

← is good at: imagining things, sensing changes, mazes/puzzles and reading maps, charts.

← learns best by: visualizing, dreaming, using the mind's eye and working with colors/pictures.

Musical /Rhythmic Intelligence: the capacity to think in music; to be able to hear patterns, recognize them, and perhaps manipulate them. People who have strong musical intelligence don't just remember music easily, they can't get it out of their minds, it's so omnipresent.

← likes to: sing, hum tunes, listen to music, play an instrument and respond to music.

← is good at: picking up sounds, remembering melodies, noticing pitches/rhythms and keeping time.

← learns best by: rhythm, melody and music.

Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence: the capacity to use your whole body or parts of your body (your hands, your fingers, your arms) to solve a problem, make something, or put on some kind of production. The most evident examples are people in athletics or the performing arts, particularly dancing or acting.

← likes to: move around, touch and talk and use body language.

← is good at: physical activities (sports/dance/acting) and crafts.

← learns best by: touching, moving, interacting with space and processing knowledge through bodily sensations.

Naturalistic Intelligence: the ability to discriminate among living things (plants, animals) and sensitivity to other features of the natural world (clouds, rock configurations). This ability was clearly of value in our evolutionary past as hunters, gatherers, and farmers; it continues to be central in such roles as botanist or chef.

← likes to: be outside, with animals, geography, and weather; interacting with the surroundings .

← is good at: categorizing, organizing a living area, planning a trip, preservation, and conservation.

← learns best by: studying natural phenomenon, in a natural setting, learning about how things work.

Interpersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand other people. It's an ability we all need, but is especially important for teachers, clinicians, salespersons, or politicians -- anybody who deals with other people.

← likes to: have lots of friends, talk to people and join groups.

← is good at: understanding people, leading others, organizing, communicating, manipulating and mediating conflicts.

← learns best by: sharing, comparing, relating, cooperating and interviewing.

Intrapersonal Intelligence: having an understanding of yourself; knowing who you are, what you can do, what you want to do, how you react to things, which things to avoid, and which things to gravitate toward. We are drawn to people who have a good understanding of themselves. They tend to know what they can and can't do, and to know where to go if they need help.

← likes to: work alone and pursue own interests.

← is good at: understanding self, focusing inward on feelings/dreams, following instincts, pursuing interests/goals and being original.

← learns best by: working alone, individualized projects, self-paced instruction and having own space.

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