Name: Name of other group members:



Name: Name of other group members:

Why are there bold and shy personality types and what relationship do they have to the catchability of a fish?

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Largemouth bass

Introduction

Largemouth bass are native to most areas of the United States. Recent research has shown that there is phenotypic variation in bass personality type. Some individuals are consistently bold throughout the course of their lives while other individuals are consistently shy. Additionally, research has shown that individuals inherit their personality genotype from their parents. Now, researchers are trying to figure out how these different personality types are maintained in a population.

In this session, we will perform a simulation that investigates the relationships that exist between personality types, key periods during individuals’ lives, and fishing. The class will break up into groups and each group will be assigned their own lake and bass population to monitor for 5 generations. During the simulation, some bass populations will be subjected to fishing pressure. We will gather data from the simulation, analyze it, and draw conclusions about what maintains shy and bold personality types and what evolutionary effects fishing may have on populations that are fished.

Definitions

Evolution:

Phenotypic variation:

Inherited:

Natural selection:

Population:

Methods

1. Divide into 4 groups. Each group will be given materials to create a bass population of bold (paper clip on back) and shy (small piece of wire on back) bass.

2. Your bass population will start out with 15 juvenile bold fish and 15 juvenile shy fish, giving you a total of 30 bass in your population. This information has already been recorded on your data table (row = generation 1; initial population)

3. Place the 30 bass in the lake (5 gallon bucket) so that they are fairly evenly distributed on the bottom of the bucket.

4. Juvenile mortality stage: Not all of your fish will survive to adulthood.

• Bold juvenile mortality: flip a coin and observe if it lands on heads or tails. If heads, 4 bold fish died, if tails, 8 bold fish died. Remove the dead fish from the population.

• Shy juvenile mortality: flip a coin and observe if it lands on heads or tails. If heads, 2 shy fish died, if tails, 4 shy fish died. Remove the dead fish from the population.

• On your data table (row = generation 1; after juvenile mortality), record how many bold and shy bass you have in your population now

5. Reproduction stage: Not all of your fish will reproduce.

• Bold reproduction: flip a coin and observe if it lands on heads or tails. If heads, 4 bold fish are born, if tails, 8 bold fish are born. Add the new fish to your population.

• Shy reproduction: flip a coin and observe if it lands on heads or tails. If heads, 2 shy fish are born, if tails, 4 shy fish are born. Add the new fish to your population.

• On your data table (row = generation 1; after juvenile mortality), record how many bold and shy bass you have in your population now.

6. Generation 2: On your data table (row = generation 2; initial population), record how many bold and shy bass you have (should be the same numbers as those recorded for generation 1; after juvenile mortality).

7. Repeat steps 4, 5, and 6 until you complete the juvenile mortality stage for generation 3. Record your results at the end of each step in your data table.

8. If your lake has been designated a fishing lake, proceed to step 9. If your lake has not been designated a fishing lake, repeat steps 4, 5, and 6 until you finish going through 5 generations. Record your results at the end of each step in your data table. After the 5th generation, you will have completed the simulation. Wait for the other groups to finish.

9. Fishing stage: Take turns fishing by dipping the magnet on your fishing pole into the lake and then catching and removing fish one at a time (If more than one fish is caught at a time, remove the one that was most touching the magnet and throw the other one back). Continue this process until 5 fish have been caught and removed. On your data table (row = generation 3; after fishing), record how many bold and shy bass you have in your population now.

10. Repeat steps 5 and 6 so that you have recorded an initial population for the 4th generation.

11. Repeat steps 4, 9, 5, and 6 (in that order) until you finish going through 5 generations. Record your results at the end of each step in your data table. After the 5th generation, you will have completed the simulation. Wait for the other groups to finish.

Data table

Fill in your group’s data as you perform the simulation

Generation |Stage |Number Bold |Number Shy |Total Number |Percent Bold |Percent Shy | |

1 |Initial population |15 |15 |30 |50% |50% | | |After juvenile mortality | | | | | | | |After reproduction | | | | | | |

2 |Initial population | | | | | | | |After juvenile mortality | | | | | | | |After reproduction | | | | | | |

3 |Initial population | | | | | | | |After juvenile mortality | | | | | | | |After fishing | | | | | | | |After reproduction | | | | | | |

4 |Initial population | | | | | | | |After juvenile mortality | | | | | | | |After fishing | | | | | | | |After reproduction | | | | | | |

5 |Initial population | | | | | | | |After juvenile mortality | | | | | | | |After fishing | | | | | | | |After reproduction | | | | | | |

Results

|Group 1

(No fishing) |Group 2

(No fishing) |Total (sum of groups 1 + 2)

(No fishing) |Group 3

(Fishing) |Group 4

(Fishing) |Total (sum of groups 3 + 4)

(Fishing) |Percent of each type

(From totals no fishing) |Percent of each type

(From totals for fishing) | |Personality

|Bold |Shy |Bold |Shy |Bold |Shy |Bold |Shy |Bold |Shy |Bold |Shy |Bold |Shy |Bold |Shy | |After reproduction generation 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |After reproduction generation 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |After reproduction generation 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |After reproduction generation 4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |After reproduction generation 5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Compile all the groups’ data after 5 generations and then graph them.

Wrap-up questions:

1. Did personality type affect juvenile mortality in the simulation? Explain your answer.

2. Did personality type affect reproduction in the simulation? Explain your answer.

3. What did the coin flip during the juvenile mortality and reproduction stages represent?

4. Was either personality type selected for in the no fishing lakes? Explain.

5. Was either personality type selected for in the fishing lakes? Explain.

6. What happened to the percentage of both personality types over the 5 generations in the no fishing lakes?

7. Did evolution occur in the no fishing lakes? Explain you answer.

8. What happened to the percentage of both personality types over the 5 generations in the fishing lakes?

9. Did evolution occur in the fishing lakes? Explain you answer.

10. How would changes in the simulation parameters (deaths for each personality type during juvenile mortality, reproduction for each personality type, number of fish caught, etc.) change the results?

11. One of the purposes of this simulation was to investigate if fishing could act as a selective force to cause evolutionary change in fish populations. However, fishing could have other important impacts as well. Compare the results from the fishing and no fishing lakes again and see if you notice any other differences between them.

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