THEORIES OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

THEORIES OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Ren?ta Panocov?

ACTA FACULTATIS PHILOSOPHICAE UNIVERSITATIS SAFARIKIANAE 138

2020 __________________________________________

Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Saf?rika v Kosiciach Filozofick? fakulta

Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky

Theories of Intercultural Communication Ren?ta Panocov? Kosice 2020

ACTA FACULTATIS PHILOSOPHICAE UNIVERSITATIS SAFARIKIANAE 138

2020

__________________________________________

Theories of Intercultural Communication Vysokoskolsk? ucebnica

Autorka: doc. Mgr. Ren?ta Panocov?, PhD., FF UPJS v Kosiciach

Recenzenti: Prof. Dr. Janet-Ann DeCesaris Ward, Pompeu Fabra

University, Barcelona Doc. Mgr. Ren?ta Gregov?, PhD., FF UPJS v Kosiciach

? Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Saf?rika v Kosiciach, Filozofick? fakulta 2020

Vsetky pr?va vyhraden?. Toto dielo ani ziadnu jeho cas nemozno reprodukova, uklada do informacn?ch syst?mov alebo inak reprodukova bez s?hlasu majiteov pr?v. Za odborn? a jazykov? str?nku ucebnice zodpoved? autorka. Rukopis presiel jazykovou ?pravou. Umiestnenie: unibook.upjs.sk Dostupn? od: 26.03.2020 ISBN 978-80-8152-844-6 (e-publik?cia)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of figures ..................................................................... v Preface ............................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1....................................................................... 8 DEFINING COMMUNICATION, CULTURE, AND INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION ....................... 8 1.1 Communication and language ...................................... 9 1.2 How to define culture? ............................................... 17 1.3 How to define intercultural communication? ............. 18 Exercises........................................................................... 22 Further reading ................................................................. 22 CHAPTER 2..................................................................... 23 HOFSTEDE'S MODEL OF CULTURAL DIMENSIONS .......................................................................................... 23 2.1 How to define culture? ............................................... 24 2.2 What characterizes culture? ........................................ 26 2.3 Research basis for Hofstede's cultural dimensions .... 28 2.4 Power distance............................................................ 29 2.5 Uncertainty avoidance ................................................ 31 2.6 Individualism versus collectivism .............................. 33 2.7 Masculinity versus femininity .................................... 34 2.8 Long-term versus short-term orientation .................... 36 2.9 Indulgence versus restraint ......................................... 37 Exercises........................................................................... 39 Further reading ................................................................. 40

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CHAPTER 3..................................................................... 41 FACE NEGOTIATION THEORY .................................. 41 3.1 What is a face and what is facework?......................... 42 3.2 Facework strategies .................................................... 44 3.3 Conflict styles ............................................................. 46 3.4 Three approaches to conflict styles............................. 50 3.5 Intercultural facework competence............................. 51 Exercises........................................................................... 53 Further reading ................................................................. 54 CHAPTER 4..................................................................... 55 COMMUNICATION ACCOMMODATION THEORY . 55 4. 1 What is accommodation in CAT?.............................. 56 4.2 Accommodating through convergence ....................... 58 4.3 Accommodating through divergence.......................... 60 4.4 Conceptualizing communication in CAT ................... 61 Exercises........................................................................... 64 Further reading ................................................................. 65 CHAPTER 5..................................................................... 67 ANXIETY/UNCERTAINTY MANAGEMENT THEORY .......................................................................................... 67 5. 1 Who is a stranger? What is the difference between uncertainty and anxiety? ................................................... 69 5.2 What makes communication effective? ...................... 70 5.3 The AUM's axioms .................................................... 75 5.4 The AUM theory and Hofstede's dimensions ............ 78 Exercises........................................................................... 81

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Further reading ................................................................. 81 CHAPTER 6..................................................................... 83 THE INTEGRATIVE COMMUNICATION THEORY OF CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION ............................ 83 6.1 The complexity of cross-cultural adaptation .............. 84 6.2 Key factors in the adaptation process ......................... 87 6.3 The concept of culture shock...................................... 93 Exercises........................................................................... 96 Further reading ................................................................. 96 CHAPTER 7..................................................................... 98 THE SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS ............................. 98 7.1 The hypothesis.......................................................... 101 7.2 Colour coding ........................................................... 102 7.3 Grammatical gender ................................................. 103 7.4 Object categorization................................................ 104 7.5 Current evaluation of the hypothesis ........................ 106 Exercises......................................................................... 108 Further reading ............................................................... 108 CHAPTER 8................................................................... 110 PROGRESS AND OUTLOOK OF THE STUDY OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION ................... 110 8.1 The development of the field .................................... 111 8.2 Further research ........................................................ 118 Exercises......................................................................... 121 Further reading ............................................................... 121 References ...................................................................... 122

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Index............................................................................... 140 iv

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Jakobson's model of verbal communication. Figure 1.2 Jakobson's schematic representation of six functions of language. Figure 2.1 Three levels of uniqueness of mental programming. Figure 3.1 Eight types of conflict styles. Figure 5.1 The model of the AUM theory. Figure 6.1 Relationship among terms linked with crosscultural adaptation. Figure 6.2 The structural model of cross-cultural adaptation.

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