Food Pathogen Project - Mrs. Morgan



Food Pathogen ProjectName________________________Intro: Microorganisms What are theyExamples of different typesBacteria inside you “A 'reference man' (one who is 70 kilograms, 20–30 years old and 1.7 metres tall) contains on average about 30 trillion human cells and 39 trillion bacteria, say Ron Milo and Ron Sender at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, and Shai Fuchs at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada.” Reference: Nature?doi:10.1038/nature.2016.19136 Question: What is the average ratio of human cells to bacterial cells?Human to Bacterial _________________ to ___________________Most Bacteria are Helpful MicroorganismsExample #1Example #2Example #3Some Microbes are harmfulSkin Bacteria?The skin is the body’s largest organ and is the barrier between external pathogens and the body. There are roughly 1,000 species of bacteria commonly found on the skin and hair follicles, most of which are harmless or mutually beneficial. Good bacteria on the skin?(Staphylococcal epidermis)?can help prevent bacterial infections from occurring by protecting the surface area of the skin from outside bacterium. For example, good bacteria can prevent pathogenic organisms from colonizing the skin by secreting chemicals, competing for resources on the skin, or stimulating the skin’s immune response against the invader. In exchange, the healthy bacteria have a place to live, and we don’t have to suffer through dermatitis, acne, rosacea or any other skin infection.How can good skin bacteria help you?List 2 specific ways the good bacteria can prevent pathogenic bacteria from growing on your skin. What are some of the skin disorders we can get if we do not have enough healthy bacteria on our skin?The beneficial bacteria found in the digestive system are called probiotic bacteria, and there are also a number of foods that contain probiotics to improve your bacterial certain food products, such as yogurt, kombucha, pickles and sauerkraut. If you?increase the amount of probiotics in your diet (and gut), you can neutralize harmful bacteria and reduce symptoms of diarrhea, inflammation, nutrient deficiency, cramps, constipation and bloating, as well as more serious stomach conditions and diseases.Define probioticsWhy would someone want to include probiotics in their diet?So… What’s the Problem?As mentioned at the top of the article, in the past few decades, we have become an increasingly “sterilized” society. For example,?antibiotics can destroy both good and bad bacteria, ultimately weakening our immune system and bad bacteria become antibiotic resistant and difficult to cure. It has become quite common for parents and doctors alike to turn to antibiotics, as they are inexpensive and proven methods to treat infections, but that doesn’t mean it’s a good thing in the long run.?Our hand sanitizers and intensely hygienic modern world has made it harder to have a diverse and balanced gut ecosystem.Additionally, our diet has a significant impact on the bacteria in our bodies, but a diet high in artificial sugars, excess starches and vegetable oil can harm that balance. As more and more processed foods enter our cultural habits, the more susceptible we are to infection and poor health. Combine that with harsh, chemical cleaning products and heightened stress levels, and there is no surprise that we are seeing a sharp increase in gastrointestinal conditions like Crohn’s Disease and Celiac Disease in recent years.Furthermore, our bodies develop tolerances and antibodies based on the bacteria that we are exposed to, largely in our early years. Research has shown that children playing in the mud, eating dirt and generally exposing their immune systems to a wide range of bacteria actually helps them have a?stronger?immune system as they age. Modern cleanliness and germ-obsessed?behavior has robbed the past generation of those bacteria base-building experiences.At the end of the day, if you want to protect the health and wellness of your whole body, you should start with the stomach. Keeping that balance in the eternal battle between “good” and “bad” bacteria is a lifelong journey, but one that is extremely important!Antibiotics are chemicals that kill bacteria. List the pros and cons of using antibiotics.Pros ConsDay 1: Dr. X video notes Bacteria are smaller than most protists. Therefore when looking at bacteria in great detail it is best to use an ______________________________ which can magnify bacteria a million times their normal size. Draw and label the parts of a typical bacterial cell in the space below.Bacterial cells multiply using a type of asexual reproduction called __________________________________________1 bacterial cell can divide millions in ________________________________________________________ = a disease causing organismThe 12 Most UnWanted BacteriaCampylobacter jejuniClostridium botulinumClostridium perfringensEscherichia coli 0157:H7Listeria monocytogenesSalmonella EnteritidisSalmonella TyphimuriumShigellaStaphylococcus aureusVibrio choleraeVibrio vulnificusYersinia enterocoliticaBacterial Growth ConditionsE. coli 0157:H7 grows on _________________________Temperature: The danger zone refers to the temperatures in which most bacteria thrive. For Ecoli the danger zone is between ________________ and ____________.Nutrients: Bacteria need many of the same nutrients as humans in order to thrive (glucose, amino acids, and some vitamins and minerals). For this reason bacteria often grow rapidly in high protein foods like meat, poultry, eggs, dairy, and seafood.pH: Many pathogens (like E. coli) thrive at pH values between ________ and _______.Moisture: Most bacteria thrive in moist environments; they don’t grow on dry foods. That’s why dry foods like cereals can safely sit out at room temperature.List the 4 C’s of food safety:E.coli 0157:H7 contains an extra piece of DNA called a (___________________) that can be transferred from bad bacteria to good bacteria. Other plasmids give bacteria extra traits like antibiotic resistance.How can we tell the difference between good bacteria and bad bacteria? __________________________________________________________________END OF MODULE 1------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DAY 2 Computer labToday you need to create a reference slide, title slide and slide of growth condition.USE YOUR RUBRIC!!!Note: create a reference slide first. Each time you use a new website you need to add it to the list------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Day 3 Module 2 (prevention on the farm)1) Name 3 innovations on a farm today that prevent bacteria from growing2) Competitive exclusion is a technique used on the farm to prevent salmonella from growing. How does this work?3) Parts of foods and organic wastes can be broken down in a compost pile. _____________________________ do all of the work in a compost pile. Compost needs to reach a temperature of at least _____________________ to kill bacteria in the pile then it can be used as fertilizer. Module 3 (food processing)What happens when food is pasteurized?What types of food can be pasteurized?Why are eggs a challenge and how can they be pasteurized?NASA developed irradiation to protect food for astronauts. How does irradiation kill bacteria?High pressure processing works by applying lots of pressure to food to kill bacteria. What kinds of foods does this work for?Module 4 (Food science)Biggest source of contamination in restaurants = ____________________________Best way to prevent food poisoning = _______________________________________________________________________ is a lab technique used to compare microbes from different locations. How do scientists know if people in separate locations have the same bacteria? What are 2 reasons scientists are experimenting with putting meat in water and setting off explosions?Food Borne Pathogen ProjectMy bacteria = _________________________________________________You will design a powerpoint presentation describing your pathogen. Your presentation must include at least 7 slides being sure to follow the detailed rubric attached.In addition to producing a powerpoint you will give a 2-3 minute presentation to the class describing your pathogen. Be creative – you may use props, visuals, posters if you want to. Pretend that you are working for the CDC and you need to inform consumers about this disease (mention recent outbreaks, common causes of disease and how to avoid it) You may need more than 1 slide to present all of the information in each of the following content areas but be sure to include each of the following categories and separate each of the following onto separate slides: Title slideGrowth conditions / requirements for your bacteria (temp and pH ranges along with oxygen needs)Distribution (name and distribution around the world) give example of recent outbreakCause of outbreaks (type of food most commonly linked to each)Symptoms (how long before you get sick (incubation) and how long symptoms last (duration))Prevention (2 parts)mention the 4 c’s and types of foods to be careful ofwhat precautions should be taken on the farm, during transport and prevention by food processing (how should food be processed to prevent bacteria from growing (ex: pasteurizing, irradiation…mention things from the video) References (include all sources of information and make sure they are reliable)Powerpoint RULES!!!!! No more than 6 lines of text / slide – Too many words and the slide is too difficult to follow. No need for complete sentences. Titles with bulleted lists work much better.RubricFood borne pathogen projectSlideDescriptionMax pointsPoints earnedTitleScientific name of pathogen, picture of bacteria (with reference) and your name10Growth ConditionsTemperature and pH ranges, aerobic vs. anaerobic10DistributionGive an example of a recent outbreak (with reference)10CauseType of food/s most commonly associated with pathogen10SymptomsIncubation (how long before you get sick)Common symptomsDuration (how long do symptoms last15PreventionList the 4C’sList precautions that should be taken (on the farm, during transport, or during food processing) Use information from the video if relevant 15ReferencesIncludes list of at least 6 reputable sources(must include at least 1 cdc and 1 fda website) 10OrganizationSlides are in the proper order listed above10Appearance You added color and graphics and it was easy to read the text (followed the rule of 6)10TOTAL POINTS 100LinksFood born diseases most common in US link = bad bug book (go here for disease distribution) scroll to the end and look for CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly -- outbreaks = Outbreaks and Food recalls Growth conditions for PH?and TEMP chart for pathogens = ................
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