Versions of the Old Testament - Louisiana Precept
Precept Upon Precept Orientation
1 Samuel
Manuscripts of the Old Testament
|“The Autographs” |Septuagint (LXX) |Dead Sea Scrolls |Masoretic Text (MT) |
| |100 BC |100 BC – 100 AD |600 – 1,000 AD |
| |Greek translation of Hebrew OT by 72 rabbis in |- copied by scribes from an ascetic Jewish community |Written by European Jews. “Masora” is Heb. for |
|Original Writings |Alexandria Egypt at the request of Greek ruler over |near Dead Sea |“handed down”. Some of these early “Codex” still |
|(now disappeared) |Egypt, Ptolemy Philadelphus | |exist |
| | |-found in 1948 by Bedouin shepherd boy in Qumran | |
|-Meticulous care in producing accurate copies on |This version was used at the time of Jesus because |Caves |Canonical order is different from the Christian |
|parchments or vellum (animal skins sewn together) |many Jews did not read or understand Hebrew. Quoted | |Bible. |
| |by NT apostles and read by early Christians in their |-sealed jars contained | |
|INSPIRED (by God) |meetings and personal reading. |portions of every Hebrew OT book, except Esther |This Textus Receptus”(“popular text”) is considered |
|INFALLIBLE | |Targums (Aramaic OT) |by most Bible scholars to be the authoritative, |
|(not misleading) |The canonical order is the same as the Christian |fragments of Apocryphal books |standard text (AV, KJV) even though a few parts have |
|INERRANT |Bible. |commentary on Habbakuk |been relatively poorly preserved |
|(free from falsehood or mistake) | | |--Dr. John MacArthur |
|Therefore, |One of the very 1st translations – |Canonitcal order is same as (LXX) & Christian Bible | |
|AUTHORITATIVE |(a rarity in those days to translate a literary work)| |[Earlier manuscripts dating back to 325 AD have been |
|(must be obeyed) | |Stunning discovery: very few differences with |located since the KJV was written in 1611. The NASV |
| | |Masoretic texts, written over a thousand years later!|was based upon these.] |
Types of Unintentional Transmissional Errors:
• Haplography (spelling, adding or omitting letters or vowel points)
• Dittography (same word written twice)
• Metathesis (exchange in the proper order of letters/ words)
• Fusion/ Fission (combining the last letter of the first word with the first letter of the following word or compounding words)
• Misreading similar-appearing letters
• Omission of words or similar phrases when the eye skips a line
Variants in biblical manuscripts do not affect any major doctrine.
-Handbook to Bible Study by P.Karleen
Textural errors are demonstrable for 1 Samuel more frequently than for almost any other book in the Old Testament.
-Gleason Archer, one of authors for Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy (1978)
-Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties (1982)
1 Samuel’s “Interpretive Challenges”
Numerical Challenges
• 1 Samuel 6:19 Josephus (Antiquities 6.1.4) probably correct when he refers to the loss of life as only 70 instead of “50,070”
• 1 Samuel 13:1 Saul’s age is actually omitted in the MT, any number is sheer conjecture (KJV, NAS, NIV)
• 1 Samuel 13:5 “30,000” chariots is quite possibly a corrupted number. Probably, 3,000
Spelling Differences
• 1 Samuel 16:9 & 1 Chronicles 2:13 Is one of David’s 7 brothers named “Shammah” or “Shimea”?
In the earliest Hebrew manuscripts, I & II Samuel were considered ONE book, “Samuel”.
Later, they were divided into the two books by the translators of the Greek version (LXX), called the First and Second “Books of Kingdoms”.
John 17:17
[Jesus, praying to God on our behalf]
Sanctify them in the truth; Your word is truth.
Timothy 3:16-17
All Scripture is inspired by God
and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness;
so that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work.
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